Helcionelloida

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Helcionelloida
Temporal range: Early Cambrian–Early Ordovician
Latouchella costata.JPG
Latouchella costata
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Subphylum: Conchifera
Class: †Helcionelloida
Peel, 1991
Orders
  • Order Helcionelliformes
  • Order
  • Order Khairkhaniiformes
  • Order

and see text

Yochelcionella cyrano

Helcionelloida is an extinct group of ancient molluscs (phylum Mollusca). These are the oldest known conchiferan molluscs, that is, they had a mineralised shell. Some members of this class were mistaken for Monoplacophorans. The class was erected by Peel in 1991.[1]

Anatomy[]

Further information: Helcionellid § Morphology

These animals were untorted and they had a coiled, cone-shaped shell. The majority of species were small (shells being about two millimeters in length and or diameter). Modern reconstructions depict them as resembling snails. The shells of some genera, particularly Yochelcionella, also possessed a "snorkel"-like opening which was most likely used for breathing.

2005 taxonomy[]

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005[2] categorizes members of this taxon within the Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position, but that taxonomy to not use the name Helcionelloida.

2006-2007 taxonomy[]

Taxonomy of helcionelloid according to the opinion of P. Yu. Parkhaev:[3][4]

Gastropoda Cuvier, 1797

Subclass Parkhaev, 2001

  • Order Helcionelliformes Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
  • Superfamily Wenz, 1938
  • Family Helcionellidae Wenz, 1938
  • Family Igarkiellidae Parkhaev, 2001
  • Family Coreospiridae Knight, 1947
  • Family Trenellidae Parkhaev, 2001
  • Family Yochelcionellidae Runnegar & Jell, 1976
  • Family Stenothecidae Runnegar & Jell, 1980
  • Subfamily Runnegar & Jell, 1980
  • Subfamily Parkhaev, 2001
  • Order MacKinnon, 1985

Subclass Divasibranchia Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975

  • Order Khairkhaniiformes Parkhaev, 2001

Subclass Dextrobranchia Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975

  • Order Onychochiliformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975

References[]

  1. ^ Peel, J. S. (1991). "Functional Morphology of the Class Helcionelloida Nov., and the Early Evolution of the Mollusca". In Simonetta, A. M.; Conway Morris, S (eds.). The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa. Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–177. ISBN 978-0-521-40242-2.
  2. ^ Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
  3. ^ P. Yu. Parkhaev (2006) "Adaptive radiation of the Cambrian helcionelloid mollusks (Gastropoda, Archaeobranchia). Archived 2015-06-10 at the Wayback Machine" In: S.V. Rozhnov (ed.) "Evolution of the biosphere and biodiversity. Towards the 70th anniversary of A. Y. Rozanov". 2006. Moscow, pp. 282-296.
  4. ^ P. Yu. Parkhaev (2007). "The Cambrian 'basement' of gastropod evolution". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 286: 415–421. doi:10.1144/SP286.31.

External links[]

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