Henry J. Menninger

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Henry J. Menninger (1838 – 8 September 1889) was a German-American physician, pharmacist, politician, newspaper editor, and merchant. During the American Civil War, he served in the United States Army as a surgeon. He was the North Carolina Secretary of State from 1868 to 1871 and was a city official and prominent pharmacist in Brooklyn, New York in the 1880s.

Early life and education[]

Henry J. Menninger was born in 1838 near Metz to Dr. John Menninger, one of the German Forty-Eighters. John Menninger was a Radical member of the 1849 Frankfurt Parliament. The Menningers fled Germany along with Franz Sigel after the failure of that political body, emigrating to New York. Henry Menninger attended the public school system in New York and paid his way through medical school at New York University by first working in and then opening a drug store in New York. He graduated medical school in 1861 in time to serve in the American Civil War.[1][2][3]

American Civil War[]

Answering the Civil War's call for volunteers, Menninger joined the United States Army and fought at the First Battle of Bull Run, he served subsequently with the Army of the Potomac as a private and then as a lieutenant.[4] He then transferred to the medical corps and served with the Second North Carolina Union Volunteers regiment,[5] and later as a post surgeon at New Bern, NC after being injured.[6] He served through early 1865, when his commission ended. He chose to stay in occupied New Bern, and opened a drug store in that town, even after the war.[7][8]

Post-bellum career[]

During and after Reconstruction, Menninger was active in the Republican Party, founding the New Bern Republican newspaper in 1867.[9] During 1865, he served as the chief surgeon for the Freedmen's Bureau of North Carolina in New Bern, and from 1865 to 1868 he was surgeon for the United States Marine Hospital at New Bern.[10] In 1868, he moved to Raleigh, North Carolina and was elected Secretary of State of North Carolina, serving until 1871.[11] He focused much of his attention on immigration to North Carolina during his administration, as well as agriculture.[12] After his term ended, he operated a drug store in Raleigh until leaving the state.[13] In 1874, he moved to the Fourth Ward of Brooklyn, NY, where he continued to operate a drug store as he had in New Bern. In 1881, he was elected a Republican alderman, and elected coroner in 1883 serving until 1886 when he was defeated by a Democratic opponent. He was an active member of Mallory Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, a vice-president of the New York College of Pharmacy, and a director of the Germania Savings Bank.[14] He was an active member of the American Pharmaceutical Association for several decades, and served as its first vice president.[15]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Henry J. Menninger Dead," New York Star, 9 September 1889
  2. ^ General Alumni Catalogue of New York University, 1833–1907, Medical Alumni. (New York: General Alumni Society, 1908), 84.
  3. ^ "Obituary of Henry J. Menninger, MD," Pharmaceutical Record, Vol. 9 (1889), p. 288.
  4. ^ "Obituary of Henry J. Menninger, MD," Pharmaceutical Record, Vol. 9 (1889), p. 288.
  5. ^ Official Army Register of the Volunteer Force of the U.S. Army for the years 1861–65, 1865. Washington, D.C.: Government Publishing Office.
  6. ^ "Henry J. Menninger Dead," New York Star, 9 September 1889
  7. ^ New Berne Times, 28 February 1865
  8. ^ Noah S. Shuler, "Loyal to Commerce?: Merchants and the Occupation of Eastern North Carolina, 1862–1865," MA Thesis (East Carolina University, 2021), 112.
  9. ^ "Death Roll of the Week," Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, 21 September 1889.
  10. ^ General Alumni Catalogue of New York University, 1833–1907, Medical Alumni. (New York: General Alumni Society, 1908), 84.
  11. ^ North Carolina Secretary of State. Biennial report of the Secretary of State of North Carolina. Raleigh, N.C. 1869. https://digital.ncdcr.gov/digital/collection/p249901coll22/id/34589/rec/1
  12. ^ North Carolina Secretary of State. Biennial report of the Secretary of State of North Carolina. Raleigh, N.C. 1869. https://digital.ncdcr.gov/digital/collection/p249901coll22/id/34589/rec/1
  13. ^ "Obituary of Henry J. Menninger, MD," Pharmaceutical Record, Vol. 9 (1889), p. 288.
  14. ^ "Henry J. Menninger Dead," New York Star, 9 September 1889
  15. ^ "Obituary of Henry J. Menninger, MD," Pharmaceutical Record, Vol. 9 (1889), p. 288.
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