Hesperotestudo

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Hesperotestudo
Temporal range: Oligocene-Late Pleistocene
The life of a fossil hunter BHL19032007.jpg
Hesperotestudo orthopygia
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Cryptodira
Superfamily: Testudinoidea
Family: Testudinidae
Genus: †Hesperotestudo
Williams, 1950

Hesperotestudo ("Western turtle") is an extinct genus of tortoise that lived from the Oligocene to the Pleistocene. Its remains are known from North America, Central America and Bermuda.[1][2][3][4] Further specimens identifiable only to genus have been found in El Salvador (TEWG, 2015).[5]

Taxonomy[]

Species list is based on Rhodin et al. 2015[5] Note: List includes only Pleistocene species

  • † Hesperotestudo Williams 1950[6]
  • Eupachemys Leidy 1877 (nomen oblitum)
  • Hesperotestudo Williams 1950:25
    • Caudochelys Auffenberg 1963:69
  • †Hesperotestudo annae (Hay 1923)[7]
  • Testudo annae Hay 1923:114 (Early Pleistocene, Irvingtonian, US (Texas))
    • Testudo francisi Hay 1923:116 [Early Pleistocene, US (Texas)]
  • †Hesperotestudo bermudae Meylan and Sterrer 2000[1]
  • Hesperotestudo bermudae Meylan and Sterrer 2000:51 [Middle Pleistocene, Bermuda], c. 310,000 years before present (YBP) - Size: CL c. 50 cm
  • †Hesperotestudo campester (Hay 1908)[8]
  • Testudo campester Hay 1908:455 [Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, Blancan, US (Texas)] - Size: CL c. > 100 cm
    • Testudo rexroadensis Oelrich 1952:301 [Late Pliocene, Early Blancan, US (Kansas)]
  • †Hesperotestudo crassiscutata (Leidy 1889)[9]
  • Eupachemys obtusus Leidy 1877:232 (Pleistocene, US (South Carolina)) (nomen oblitum) - Size: CL c. 120–125 cm
  • Eupachemys rugosus Leidy 1889:29 (Late Pleistocene– Early Holocene, Rancholabrean, US (Florida)) (ex errore for Eupachemys obtusus)
  • Testudo crassiscutata Leidy 1889b:31 [Late Pleistocene– Early Holocene, Rancholabrean, US (Florida)], 14C age: 12,030 ± 200 YBP, calibrated age*: 12,896–11,465 YBP (10,946 BC–9515 BC)
    • Testudo ocalana Hay 1916:45 (Late Pleistocene, US (Florida))
    • Testudo distans Hay 1916:48 (Late Pleistocene, US (Florida))[10]
    • Testudo sellardsi Hay 1916:49 (Late Pleistocene, US (Florida))[10]
    • Testudo luciae Hay 1916:52 (Late Pleistocene, US (Florida))[10]
  • †Hesperotestudo equicomes (Hay 1917) [11]
  • Testudo equicomes Hay 1917:41 (Late Pleistocene, Rancholabrean, Sangamonian, US (Kansas)) - Size: CL c. 34 cm
  • †Hesperotestudo incisa (Hay 1916)[10]
  • Testudo incisa Hay 1916:46 (Late Pleistocene, Rancholabrean, Sangamonian, US (Florida)) - Size: CL c. 29 cm
  • †Hesperotestudo johnstoni (Auffenberg 1962)[12]
  • Geochelone johnstoni Auffenberg 1962:627 (Early Pleistocene, Late Blancan, Pre-Nebraskan glaciation, US (Texas)) - Size: CL c. 24 cm
  • †Hesperotestudo mlynarskii (Auffenberg 1988)[13]
  • Geochelone mlynarskii Auffenberg 1988:592 (Middle Pleistocene, Late Irvingtonian, US (Florida)) - Size: CL c. 20 cm
  • †Hesperotestudo oelrichi (Holman 1972)[14]
  • Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) oelrichi Holman 1972:59 (Pleistocene, Long Pine and Keim Formations, Pre-Nebraskan glaciation, US (Nebraska)) - Size: CL c. 28 cm
  • †Hesperotestudo percrassa (Cope 1899)[15]
  • Clemmys percrassus Cope 1899:194 [Middle Pleistocene, Late Irvingtonian, US (Pennsylvania: Port Kennedy)] - Size: “not large”
  • †Hesperotestudo turgida (Cope 1892)[16]
  • Testudo turgida Cope 1892:127 (Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, Blancan, US, Texas), (Early Pleistocene) - Size: CL c. 23 cm
  • †Hesperotestudo wilsoni (Milstead 1956)[17]
  • Testudo wilsoni Milstead 1956:168 (Late Pleistocene, Late Wisconsinan, US (Texas)], 14C age: c. 11,040 YBP, 9090 BC,(Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene, until c. 9050 BC, c. 11,000 YBP) - Size: CL c. 23 cm

References[]

  1. ^ a b Meylan, P. A.; Sterrer, W. (January 2000). "Herperotestudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) from the Pleistocene of Bermuda, with comments on the phylogenetic position of the genus". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 128 (1): 51–76. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00649.x.
  2. ^ Olson, S. L.; Meylan, P. A. (December 2009). "A Second Specimen of the Pleistocene Bermuda Tortoise, Hesperotestudo bermudae Meylan and Sterrer". Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 8 (2): 211–212. doi:10.2744/CCB-0766.1. S2CID 85595118. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
  3. ^ "White River Badlands: prospecting for ancient tortoise fossils". Florida Museum. 2004-10-01. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
  4. ^ "Ashfall Animals | Ashfall Fossil Beds". ashfall.unl.edu. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
  5. ^ a b Rhodin, A.G.J.; Thomson, S.; Georgalis, G.; Karl, H.-V.; Danilov, I.G.; Takahashi, A.; de la Fuente, M.S.; Bourque, J.R.; Delfino M.; Bour, R.; Iverson, J.B.; Shaffer, H.B.; van Dijk, P.P.; et al. (Turtle Extinctions Working Group) (2015). "Turtles and tortoises of the world during the rise and global spread of humanity: first checklist and review of extinct Pleistocene and Holocene chelonians" (PDF). Chelonian Research Monographs. 5 (8): 000e.1–66. doi:10.3854/crm.5.000e.fossil.checklist.v1.2015.
  6. ^ Williams , E.E. 1950. Testudo cubensis and the evolution of Western Hemisphere tortoises. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 95:1–36.
  7. ^ Hay, O.P. 1923. Characteristics of sundry fossil vertebrates. Pan-American Geologist 39:114–120.
  8. ^ Hay, O.P. 1908. The Fossil Turtles of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 75:1–568.
  9. ^ Leidy, J. 1889. Description of vertebrate remains from Peace Creek, Florida. Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia 2:19–31.
  10. ^ a b c d Hay, O.P. 1916. Descriptions of some Floridian fossil vertebrates, belonging mostly to the Pleistocene. Annual Report of the Florida State Geological Survey 8:39–76.
  11. ^ Hay, O.P. 1917. On a collection of fossil vertebrates made by Dr. F.W. Dragin in the Equus beds of Kansas. Kansas University Science Bulletin 10:39–51.
  12. ^ Auffenberg, W. 1962. A new species of Geochelone from the Pleistocene of Texas. Copeia 1962(3):627–636.
  13. ^ Auffenberg, W. 1988. A new species of Geochelone (Testudinata: Testudinidae) from the Pleistocene of Florida (U.S.A.). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 31:591–604.
  14. ^ Holman, J.A. 1972. Amphibians and reptiles. In: Skinner, M.F. and Hibbard, C.W. (Eds.). Early Pleistocene pre-glacial and glacial rocks and faunas of north-central Nebraska. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 148(1):55–148.
  15. ^ Vertebrate remains from Port Kennedy bone deposit. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (2)11:193–267.
  16. ^ Cope, E.D. 1892. A contribution to the vertebrate palaeontology of Texas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 30:123–131.
  17. ^ Milstead , W.W. 1956. Fossil turtles of Friesenhahn Cave, Texas, with the description of a new species of Testudo. Copeia 1956(3):162–171.
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