History of the Jews in Leeds
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The city of Leeds, in West Yorkshire, England has a Jewish community, where many notable people originated or settled. They have played a major part in the clothing trade, the business, professional and academic life of the City, and the wider world. The community numbers now less than 7,000 people.[1][2]
Demography[]
A community of nearly 60 Jews was present in Leeds by 1840, with their numbers rising to 219 by 1861.[3][4] Around 1,000 were present prior to the increase in immigration from the Russian Empire starting in the early 1880s.[5] In 1891 there were 8,000 Jews in Leeds, with more than 6,000 in the Leylands area alone by 1901.[6][7] The concentration of Jews in some areas was so great that Templar Street was described as like a continental Jewish ghetto in the Yiddish press.[8] The population continued to rise in the early 20th century, numbering 12 to 14,000 in 1901, and around 25,000 after 1914.[6][5]
With the addition from 1933 of refugees from Nazi Germany, evacuees from the London Blitz, and later Holocaust survivors, the Leeds community may have peaked around 1945 to 1950 at 25 to 29,000 people.[9][10][5] The population has since been in decline for many years, despite arrivals from smaller regional communities.[11][5] Steady emigration to Israel began post-war and has continued,[5][12] but during the 1970s Leeds still had the highest Jewish proportion of population of any British city.[13]
The 2011 UK census recorded 6,847 people reporting their religion as Jewish in the City of Leeds metropolitan district, 0.9% of the district's population.[14] In the Leeds built-up area, there were 6,136 (1.3% of population),[15] concentrated in areas such as Alwoodley ward (3,270, 14.4% of population).[16]
Development[]
The first settlers in the 18th century were mainly German-born;[6] many were wool-merchants attracted to this major industry of West Yorkshire. The first marriage was recorded in 1842.[6] Early residents included Lazarus Levi.[3]
The history of the community is closely linked with Hull, which was connected by railway to Leeds from 1840.[17] Most of those who settled in Leeds immigrated via the Humber ports of Hull,[18] and Grimsby,[6] and many lived in Hull, or stayed temporarily,[19] part of a migrant population mainly bound via Liverpool for America.[18][6] As Leeds was a city undergoing economic expansion, on this migration route, and as Jews had tailoring experience or local contacts, a sizeable community developed.[18][5] Settlement was primarily in the poor Leylands district of Leeds,[20] a low-rent area which attracted immigrants.[21] By the mid-1890s Leylands was predominantly Jewish.[22][3] The great majority of jewish immigrants in this period were Lithuanian Jews from within the Northern Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire.[6][23]
Jews worked in notoriously insanitary sweatshops as tailoring became the dominant trade.[24][23][5] With the slum clearance of 1936–7,[7] the Jews of Leeds moved northwards, from the central Leylands area, up around Chapeltown, and then further into Moortown and Alwoodley.[1][11]
Many 1930s European refugees came to Leeds, often well-educated, including in 1937 the ORT training school from Berlin,[25] and in 1938–40, Kindertransport children,[26][27] followed by later survivors of the Holocaust. Before the war a local branch of the Association of Jewish Refugees was formed,[28] and more recently the Leeds-based Holocaust Survivors' Fellowship Association.[29]
Synagogues[]
The first synagogue in Leeds opened in 1846 in a converted private house in Back Rockingham Street, on the site of the current Merrion Centre. In 1861 it was replaced by a purpose-built building in Belgrave Street, known as the Great Synagogue, which closed in 1983. An office block was built on the site, and the synagogue is commemorated by a blue plaque placed by Leeds Civic Trust in 1991.[30]
A synagogue in St. John's Place, New Briggate was opened in 1876, known as the Grinner Shul.[31][32] It was replaced by the New Synagogue in Chapeltown Road of 1932, built in Byzantine style; the building closed in 1985, and is now used by the Northern School of Contemporary Dance.[33]
The Vilna synagogue began in St Luke's Terrace, and moved to Exmouth Street before 1885. It merged into the New Vilna Synagogue in 1955, at Harrogate Road 1973–91, and incorporated into the Etz Chaim synagogue 1994, also on Harrogate Road, since 1982.[34] Etz Chaim has its roots in the Leeds Jewish Workers’ Burial and Trading Society of 1899, the Psalms of David Congregation originally in Bridge Street in 1884, as well as the New Synagogue.[35]
The United Hebrew Congregation opened its current Shadwell Lane synagogue in 1986, incorporating congregations originally of the Great Synagogue, New Synagogue, New Leeds Congregation, Chapeltown United Synagogue, Louis Street Synagogue, and the Moortown Synagogue of 1937–86.[36][37] The Byron Street Polish synagogue was founded 1893; moving to Louis Street around 1933,[38] it closed in 1974.[39]
Beth Hamedrash Hagadol synagogue, Templar Street, founded 1874, moved to Hope Street in 1886, Newton Road Chapeltown in 1937, and its present building in Street Lane, Moortown in 1969.[40]
Shomrei Hadass Synagogue is the centre for strictly-orthodox Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic Judaism in Leeds.[41][42]
The Sinai Synagogue in Roundhay, Leeds was established as a congregation in 1944, and is affiliated to Reform Judaism.[43] A new building was opened in 1960.[44]
Cemeteries[]
The first Jewish cemetery in Leeds was opened in 1837,[45] with local Jews previously having been buried in nearby Hull.[46] There are today five Jewish cemeteries in Leeds:[47] the Beth Hamedrash Hagadol cemetery, established 1955;[48] Hill Top Cemeteries, established 1875;[49] New Farnley Cemeteries, established 1896;[50] the United Hebrew Congregation Cemetery, established 1840;[51] and the Sinai Synagogue Cemetery, established in the 1950s.[52]
The New Farnley cemetery contains nine Commonwealth war graves of Jewish service personnel, two from World War I and seven from World War II,[53] with an additional World War II serviceman buried in the adjacent Louis Street Polish Jewish Cemetery.[54] The United Hebrew Congregation cemetery contains 18 Commonwealth war graves of Jewish service personnel: six from World War I and 12 from World War II.[55]
Charities and communal organisations[]
The first Jewish friendly society was founded in 1852.[18] The Jewish Board of Guardians (est.1878) covered a range of activities, especially loans and grants in great numbers for immigrants to set up in business, or to continue on to North America.[18] The Leeds Jewish Welfare Board has provided aid since 1878.[56] The Leeds Jewish Housing Association has 500 homes.[57] The Leeds Jewish Institute was founded in 1896, and the Jewish Young Men's Association by 1901.[18][58] The Leeds Jewish Representative Council has been active since 1938.[59]
The first Leeds Jewish trade union dates from 1876.[8] The Amalgamated Jewish Tailors', Machinists' and Pressers' Union was officially founded in 1893, arising out of early organisations and strikes.[18]
Schools[]
A Jews' Free School was founded in 1876, and Gower Street and other Board Schools in Leylands was effectively taken over by Jews by 1888.[58][18] Brodetsky Primary School, which dates from 1968,[60] and the secondary age Leeds Jewish Free School,[61] opened 2013, both in Alwoodley, are affiliated to Orthodox Judaism. The Menorah primary school in Sandhill Lane is affiliated to the Haredi Chabad Lubavitch movement.[62]
Businesses[]
Leeds had long been a centre of the wool trade.[17] The first Jew in the Leeds mass wholesale tailoring business was Herman Friend around 1856.[6][17] Large numbers of men and women were employed in back-room cutting and sewing,[17] but not in the factory sector.[63] In the 1930s, Jewish factories employed refugees from Europe.[64] Jewish refugees also founded a law firm in Leeds in 1930.[65][66]
Anti-Semitism[]
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Mocking Jews in their sabbath clothes was once common-place in Leeds;[23] and some town cafes refused to serve them.[6][23] Violence culminated in the infamous riots of 1917 in the Leylands, destroying property and looting shops.[67] Job discrimination was one reason Jews changed their names. Later, they found it almost impossible to join local golf clubs, so in 1923, they set up their own.[6][3] Antisemitism continued in Leeds during the 1930s as refugees from Nazism arrived.[64] Mosley's fascists marched in Leeds in 1936,[68] leading to the Battle of Holbeck Moor.[69]
Notable people[]
Arts and entertainment[]
Keith Ackerman (born 1957), sculptor, member of Leeds Jewish Representative Council.[70][71]
Paul Alster (1967-), jazz musician, broadcaster, journalist.[72][73]
Alec Baron (1913–91), filmmaker, playwright, veteran, founder of the Leeds Playhouse.[74][75]
Janina Bauman (1926–2009), journalist, writer, survivor of the Warsaw Ghetto, later moved to Leeds.[76][77]
Jeff Christie (1946-), lead singer and songwriter of Christie, most famous for Yellow River.[78][79]
Eta Cohen (1916–2012), violinist and teacher.[80][81]
Jeremy Dyson (1966-), author and screenwriter.[82][83]
Raymond Isaac Ellis (1890–1976), operatic baritone, Leeds City Councillor, member of the Board of Deputies of British Jews.[84][85]
Jason Feddy (1966-), musician and cantor.[86][87]
Louise Finlay (1971–2014), head celebrity journalist for French weekly magazine Elle.[88][89][90]
Paula Froelich (1973-), journalist and author of Mercury in Retrograde.[91][92]
Simon Glass (1986-), filmmaker whose work includes a BBC film on the Jews of Leeds.[93][94]
Carry Gorney (1950s-), artist, filmmaker, and writer.[95][96]
Mark Knopfler OBE (1949-), singer-songwriter and guitarist of Dire Straits.[97][98]
Jacob Kramer (1892–1962), Ukrainian-born painter based in Leeds.[99][100]
James Lascelles (1953-), musician who co-founded the Global Village Trucking Company,[101] and has played keyboards for Cockney Rebel.[102]
Sam Lee (1980-), award-winning singer and songwriter.[103]
Elliot Levey (born 1973), raised in Leeds, is a theatre, radio, TV and film actor in London, ranging from Jewish roles, to Shakespeare, and musicals.[104][105]
Judith Levin (born 1936), Leeds to Kindertransport refugees, is a Yorkshire landscape and still-life artist.[106][107] Charlie Marcus was a well-known post-war dance band leader in Leeds.[108][109][110][111]
Kay Mellor OBE (born 1951, Leeds to Jewish mother) is a Leeds-educated writer and director of soap operas, films and dramas;[112] her daughter is Gaynor Faye (born 1971) an actress and writer best known for roles in Northern soap operas Coronation Street and Emmerdale.[113][114][115]
Geoff Menzer (born 1943) is a guitarist who led and recorded with Latin cabaret trio Les Sans Nom,[116] playing on board the luxury liner QE2.[117][118][119][116]
Philip Naviasky (1894–1983), artist in watercolour and oils around Yorkshire and abroad, was Leeds-born. After a scholarship at Leeds School of Fine Arts, being youngest-ever student at the Royal Academy, with a Royal Exhibition award to attend the Royal College of Art, he became a teacher at Leeds College of Art.[120][121][122][123][124]
Christine Quaite (born 1948, Leeds) was a pop-chart singer in the 1960s.[125][79]
Sam Paechter (born 1963) is a potter, sculptor, art teacher and composer in Leeds.[126][127][128][129][130]
Ann Rachlin MBE (born Leeds 1933), is an author of stories and music for children, recognized for services to music and deaf children.[131]
Michael Roll (born 1946, Leeds), son of Viennese parents, was the first winner of Leeds International Piano Competition.[132][133]
Bernard Schottlander (1924–99) was a German-born refugee in 1939. A wartime welder in Leeds, he took a course in sculpture at Leeds College of Art and opened a studio in London. He is known for modernist outdoor pieces, and indoor design, such as Mantis Lamps.[134][135][136]
Jeffrey Sherwin (1936–2018) was a Leeds GP, trained at the university, and a Conservative City Councillor. A founder of the Henry Moore Institute, he was expert on, and thought the largest collector of, British surrealist art, loaning works to the Tate, and New York's Museum of Modern Art.[137][138][139]
Abi Silver (born Leeds 1967) is a commercial lawyer who writes legal thrillers.[140][141][142][143]
Samantha Simmonds (born 1972–3) grew up in Leeds and attended Leeds Girls' High School. She was news anchor for Sky News, and now presents on BBC News.[144][145]
Barry Simmons (born 1948) attended Roundhay Grammar; a former IT consultant in Leeds, he is a quiz-show expert best known for the TV's Eggheads, and winning the title of BBC's Brain of Britain in 2013.[146][147][148]
Marion Stein CBE (1926–2014) was a Viennese refugee pianist at the Royal College of Music, who befriended Benjamin Britten. As Countess of Harewood, she co-founded with Fanny Waterman Leeds International Piano Competition. Later marriage to Jeremy Thorpe featured in A Very English Scandal.[149][150][151][152]
Antonia Stowe (born 1971) MA Leeds Metropolitan University, is a Leeds-based sculptor and arts installer.[153][154][155]
Willy Tirr (1915–91) Born Wilhelm Tichauer in Germany, fled to the UK in 1938; in Leeds from 1942, he served in the Intelligence Corps. He taught at Leeds College of Art 1957–80, becoming Head of Fine Art.[156][157][158][159]
Heinz Unger (1895–1965) born in Berlin, conducted European orchestras including the Berlin Philharmonic, in works of Mahler. Based in Leeds 1933–47, he conducted the Northern Philharmonia Orchestra, and thereafter the Toronto Symphony Orchestra.[160][161][162]
Frankie Vaughan CBE DL (1928–99) was a popular singer, and actor, famed for “Give Me the Moonlight, Give Me the Girl”.[163] Born In Liverpool, he was a student teacher at Leeds College of Art,[164][165] as his family moved to run a timber business off Hunslet Road.[166][167][168]
Menachem (Martin) Vinegrad (born Hull 1947) and Yehudit Vinegrad (born Judith Clynes, Leeds 1947) left Leeds for Israel in 1967. Both teachers, he became a DJ, and the couple ran the Jacob's Ladder Folk Festival by the Sea of Galilee for more than 40 years.[169][170][171][172][173][174]
David Waterman (born Leeds 1950), a prominent chamber-music cellist and teacher, founder-member of the Endellion Quartet.[175][176]
Dame Fanny Waterman DBE (1920–2020) was a pianist and academic piano teacher, known as the founder and director of the Leeds International Piano Competition, and president of the Harrogate International Music Festival[177][178]
Ruth Waterman (born Leeds 1947), is a violinist, broadcaster, conductor, teacher, writer, poet and painter, who performed at the BBC Proms and with many orchestras; she is renown internationlally for Bach sonatas.[179][180][181][182][183][184]
Wendy Waterman (born Leeds 1944), was a child-prodigy pianist, who debuted in 1955 aged 10, at London's Royal Festival Hall conducted by Sir Malcolm Sargent. Broadcast live on BBC TV, she took eight curtain calls, followed by an international concert tour.[185][182][186][187][188]
Joash Woodrow (1927–2006), who studied at Leeds College of Art and the Royal College of Art, was a reclusive artist; depicting subjects within Leeds and the Jewish community, he became highly acclaimed.[189][190] Some of his many works are held at Leeds Art Gallery.[191]
Tamar Yellin (born 1963) is a Leeds-born and raised writer who studied Hebrew and Arabic at Oxford. Awards include winner 2007 Sami Rohr Prize. She has taken fellowships at Leeds University and lives in Yorkshire; her work explores Jewish life and culture.[192][193][194][195][196]
Pam Zinnemann-Hope (born Leeds 1945) is a poet, children's author & playwright, whose work Cigarette Papers draws on her family history.[197][198][199][200]
Entrepreneurs and philanthropists[]
Phillip Abrahams (1907–82) a Leeds industrialist and Zionist, he was made Chevalier of the Order of Leopold II for service to the Belgian textile industry.[201][202]
Sue Baker MBE JP DL a senior Magistrate and a Family Court Judge in Leeds, and a Citizens Advice volunteer over 40 years, she served as Leeds Jewish Representative Council Lady President, and was awarded MBE for services to the community.[203]
Andrew Brown MBE (born Leeds 1946) worked for Beaverbrooks Jewellers for 57 years, chairman 2000–12. He is a life patron of Leeds Jewish Welfare Board.[204][205][206][207][208]
Sir Montague Burton (1885–1952), founder of Burton Menswear, settled in Leeds. He "converted a notorious sweated trade .. into a modern industry".[209][210][211][99][212][213][2]
Raymond Burton CBE (1917–2011) served in India, and after 1945 ran the Burton property portfolio. He chaired the Peter Robinson fashion chain, and founded Topshop and Topman. He supported many causes, including York University, environmental farming, Ryedale festival, and the Jewish Museum in London.[214][215][216]
Stanley Burton (1914–91) born in Leeds, was a Royal Artillery Major in Burma; from 1945 he ran production at Burtons, also a member of the United Nations Executive assembly. He and later widow Audrey Burton OBE (1924–2008) supported (from 1960 via Audrey & Stanley Burton Charitable Trust), Leeds University arts and music scholarships, developed Leeds Art Gallery, the Northern Ballet Building, and the Stanley Burton Centre for Holocaust Studies at Leicester.[217][218][219][220]
Barbara Cline MBE (born 1935) was recognized for a long record of service in a range of Jewish and wider charities in the community in Leeds.[221][222][223]
Stanley Cundle MBE (born 1938) ran a furniture business in Leeds,[224][225] leading many activities in the community; he has been recognized for charity work.[226]
Manny Cussins (1905–87), born Manasseh Rakussin in Hull, was a furniture magnate who started the John Peters chain; he was later chairman of Waring & Gillow.[227][228][229] A philanthropist, he chaired Leeds United F.C. 1972–83, and left a charitable foundation.[230][231][132][232][233]
Edward Davis (c.1807–1895) a coin dealer, antiquary and lecturer from Shrewsbury took over his uncle's mining and manufacturing business in Leeds, and co-founded the city's first synagogue.[234]
Gabriel Davis (born Bavaria, d.1851) was an optician and instrument-maker in Leeds from 1817.[235][4] He was also founder and first president of the first synagogue in 1846.[30][236][237]
Henrietta Diamond (1876-1958) born Frankfurt, founded Leeds Ladies Zionist Association, forerunner to the Women's International Zionist Organisation, and the Herzl-Moser Hospital.[238] Instigating naval training schools which led to the Israeli navy, she emigrated to Israel 1949 but later returned to Harrogate.[239]
John Ellis (1893–1963), whose family business was PS & J Ellis clothing, was an influential community leader and philanthropist, supporter of Hebrew education and Jewish eldercare, and a prolific fundraiser for Israel.[240][241]
Colin Glass OBE (born 1943) was founding partner of WGN Accountants in Leeds, director of many companies, and Chairman of UK Israel Business.[242][243][244][245]
Sam Goldman (1924–2009) transformed the Ellis family clothing business PS & J Ellis as March the Tailor, and became a Leeds property owner. Doyen of Moor Allerton Golf Club and charity concerts, fundraiser for Shadwell Lane synagogue, he was chairman of Donisthorpe Hall Jewish care-home. He was a county-level bridge player and champion ballroom dancer.[246][247][248]
Larry Gould (born Leeds 1952) has developed international businesses in language interpretation and business marketing.[249][250]
Louis Harris (1924–2016). Educated at Roundhay School, with wartime Home Guard and RAF experience and French Foreign Legion training, he helped displaced Jews leave France for Israel, where he followed to fight in the 1948 War of Independence.[251][252][253]
Paul Hirsch JP (1834–1908) was born Mecklenburg, Germany, a Leeds wool-merchant from the 1860s, president of Belgrave St synagogue, and Leeds Jewish Board of Guardians for its first 30 years. In 1899, he became Leeds' first Jewish Magistrate.[254][237]
John D. Jackson CBE (1933–2013) built-up suit maker Centaur, became president of Leeds Junior Chamber of Commerce and Leeds Chamber of Commerce, vice chairman of the Leeds Development Corporation, and High Sheriff of West Yorkshire. He created a charitable foundation.[255][256]
Richard Jackson MBE DL (born 1951, Leeds), managed Centaur Clothes with brother John, developed Nidd Vale motors,[257][258][259] is Chairman of Yorkshire Ventures, which holds property and 50% of United Health Care Developments,[260] and chairs NCI Insurance.[261] He chaired the Princes Trust in Yorkshire,[262] and is a Deputy Lord Lieutenant of West Yorkshire.[263]
Clive Labovitch (1932–94), was an editor and publisher of magazines at Oxford University, and in '60's London (Town). He launched (with Michael Heseltine) Management Today, and later Publishing News.[264]
Mark Labovitch (1896–1956) was a woollen merchant, chairman of Darley Mills, and philanthropist, president of the Leeds Jewish Representative Council.[9][265][266][267][268][269]
Neville Labovitch MBE LVO (1927–2002), was also Leeds-born chairman of Darley Mills. A businessman, he organised Pavarotti concerts in Hyde Park, the great children's party for the 1979 International Year of the Child, the Queen's Silver Jubilee events, environmental improvements in London and much else. He imported the Magic Roundabout to British TV.[270][271]
Peter Michael Levine (born 1955) is an international energy magnate, based in Leeds,[272][273][274][275][276] who attended and donates to Trinity College, Oxford.[277][278]
Trevor Lyttleton MBE (born Leeds 1936) is a lawyer, composer, and founder of the charity Contact the Elderly.[279][280][281]
David Lubelski (1849–1903) A Warsaw-born clothing manufacturer (later Utilus Coat Co.) and campaigner for workers' and women's' rights, he started out as a sweatshop machinist; he gave evidence to a House of Lords committee in 1899.[282][13][283][284]
George Lyttleton OBE (1904–90) founded Jewish day schools in Leeds and London.[280][285][286]
Jack Lyons (1916–2008) with brother Bernard Lyons (1913–2008) expanded his father's clothing business in Leeds into the UK's largest retail empire United Drapery Stores. He was convicted in the Guinness share-trading fraud, and stripped of his knighthood, although the European Court of Human Rights declared his trial unfair. He was a noted arts philanthropist, and chaired the Leeds Music Festival for 17 years.[287][288][289]
Michael Marks (1859–1907), Polish-born entrepreneur, had a stall in Leeds market which grew into the retail chain Marks & Spencer.[290][291]
Simon Marks, Baron Marks of Broughton (1888–1964), born Leylands, Leeds, son of Michael Marks, led and grew Marks & Spencer.[292][293] Secretary to the Zionist delegation at the 1919 Versailles Conference, he co-founded the Air Defense Cadet Corps, and helped in the war effort.[294]
Simon Morris (born 1977) attended Leeds Grammar, developed property empire SRM Holdings, became the youngest-ever director of Leeds United, and was age 30, 6th in the Sunday Times Rich List. SRM collapsed after unfounded fraud allegations in a Panorama investigation, later dropped by the SFO.[295] In the aftermath he was convicted of blackmail,[296] and has become a property investment adviser.[297][298]
Bernice Pearlman BEM (born 1937), was an epidemiologist and charity worker in Leeds, recognised for service to the community.[299][300][301][302]
Lloyd Rakusen (1881–1944) a Leeds watchmaker founded Rakusen's, the kosher food producer,[303] best known for its original matzo brand.[304]
Leslie Silver (1925–2014) was the founder in Leeds of the Silver Paint and Lacquer Co (became Kalon Paint Group, now part of PPG industries), and chairman of Leeds United FC. As ex-chair of Governors at what became Leeds Beckett University, a building carries his name.[305][306][307][308]
Jonathan Straight (born 1965) developed and sold Straight plc, the UK's leading supplier of waste and recycling containers. He is now a Leeds-based business mentor, start-up investor, and urban photographer, who supports artistic, creative, recycling, and other charities, and fundraises for the Jewish community.[309][310][311][312][313][314][315][316]
Harris Sumrie (1866–1951) a Polish immigrant to Leeds founded the firm in 1891, which with his three sons pioneered high-class mass-market men's fashion as C. & M. Sumrie Ltd, opening a large modern factory in 1934, donating then to Leeds General Infirmary and the German Fund; the family business become a major exporter.[317][318][319][320][321][322][323]
Sir Anthony Ullmann (born 1954) textile manufacturer and distributor in automotive trim, founded Autofil Worldwide, which sold in 2012. Still based in Leeds,[324] he since acquired furniture brand Shackletons. A donor to the Liberal Democrats, he was knighted for political service.[325][326][327][328]
Sam Waldenberg (1873–1940) founded the well-known Waldenberg Bros furniture business in Leeds in 1895.[2][329][330][331][332]
Ralph Yablon (1906–84) From a Leeds family, he became a Bradford solicitor, chairman of Caravans International,[333] a Bradford Rugby league director,[334] and philanthropist.[335][336][337][338][339] He received an honorary doctorate at Leeds University.[340]
Arnold Ziff OBE (1927–2004) Leeds-based property magnate (Stylo shoe shops, Town Centre Securities) and philanthropist was High Sheriff of West Yorkshire 1991–2.[341][342][343][344][345] He built the Merion Centre,[346] He chaired Leeds Jewish Board of Guardians 1968–86.[347] Marjorie Ziff MBE (born 1929), Arnold's widow, and the Marjorie & Arnold Ziff Foundation,[348] support Leeds Jewish Welfare Board (M&A Ziff Community Centre), Leeds University (M&A Ziff Building, Hon. LLD), Leeds International Piano Competition, Leeds Art Gallery (M&A Ziff Gallery), Roundhay Park and Leeds Tropical World, Opera North,[349] and other Jewish, music, and local charities.[350][351][352][353]
Politicians and Activists[]
Irwin Bellow, Baron Bellwin (1923–2001), student of Leeds Grammar School and Leeds University, was Leader of Leeds City Council 1975–9. Having sold 3,000 council houses and cut rates, he became Margaret Thatcher's Minister of State for Environment/Local Government 1983–4.[354]
Dan Cohen (born 1972) is a Conservative City Councillor for Alwoodley, active in the Jewish and wider communities, a founder of Leeds Jewish Free School and governor of other of local schools.[355][356][357][358][359]
Sir Karl Cohen CBE (1908–73) graduated in law in his native Leeds, to become a City Alderman and a key figure in the Jewish community, best known for promoting slum clearance.[360][361][362][363]
Baron (Jack) Diamond PC (1907–2004) was educated at Leeds Grammar School and became a Labour MP and Chief Secretary to the Treasury in 1964. He led the Social Democratic Party in the House of Lords 1982–8.[239][364]
Joseph Finn (1865–1945) was an immigrant tailors' machiner, trade unionist and journalist, a founder of the Socialist League, who with James Sweeney led the Leeds Jewish Tailors' Society strikes of the 1880s; he was later active in the USA and London.[8][365]
Joyce Gould, Baroness Gould of Potternewton (born 1932) attended Roundhay School for Girls, became a pharmacy dispenser and trade-unionist, Labour activist, anti-racist campaigner and champion of women's rights.[366][367]
Fabian Hamilton (born 1955) is Labour MP for Leeds North-East since 1997, and from 2020 Shadow Foreign Minister.[368][369][370]
Mark Harris (born 19??) is a Liberal Democrat and was a Moortown councillor in Leeds for many years.[371][372][373]
Sir Keith Joseph (1918–94) was a prominent Conservative politician,[374][375] and MP over 30 years 1956–87 for Leeds North-East,[376] which includes Moortown and Alwoodley, and thus most of the city's Jewish population.
Sir Gerald Kaufman (1930–2017) a former journalist became a Labour Government minister 1974–9 and Father of the House of Commons. Born in Leeds to immigrants from Poland, he attended Leeds Grammar School.[377]
Jack Lubelski (1878–1947) was Leeds’ first Jewish Councillor (Liberal) in 1904.[282][378][379]
Edward Lyons QC (1926–2010) was a brought up in Leeds, and educated at Roundhay School and Leeds University. A barrister, he was Labour MP for Bradford East and Bradford West 1966–83. He defected to the Social Democratic Party in 1981, their frontbench spokesman on legal affairs, he lost his seat in 1983.[380]
Sir Jeremy Raisman GCMG, GCIE, KCSI (1892–1978), born in Leeds, was an influential British administrator and financier in the government of British India. He had helped Jewish refugees from Europe in India, and after 1945 advised several newly independent former British colonies.[381][382]
Bert Ramelson (1910–94) was a war veteran and industrial organiser for the Communist Party of Great Britain, and mentor of Arthur Scargill.[383][384][385]
Moses Sclare (1867–1949) born Ukraine, was secretary of the Leeds Jewish Tailors', Machinists' and Pressers' Union, strike leader, and figure in the National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers. He met Keir Hardie, who influenced him, and also Kropotkin. Sclare's motions on rights for Jews were passed by the Trades Union Congress in 1915–6.[386][365][8]
Alex Sobel is Leeds-born Labour MP for Leeds North-West and (2021-) shadow Secretary of State for Environment Food and Rural Affairs.[387]
Martha Steinitz (1886–1966) was a key figure in German and British pre-war pacifism, Berlin secretary of War Resisters’ International,[388][389][390][391] and correspondent of Einstein.[392] She later settled in Leeds, with an honorary MA from Leeds University.[340] A Jewish refugee,[393] she was involved with Quaker pacifism.[394][395]
Lord Mayors of Leeds[]
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Hyman Morris JP (1873-1955) Lord Mayor 1941–42. A wall-paper manufacturer,[396] born Lithuania.[397][398][2] Welcomed Winston Churchill 1942.[399] Painted by Jacob Kramer.[400] Chairman of Leeds Jewish Board of Guardians 1908–28.[401]
Joshua Solomon “Jos” Walsh (1902–84) Lord Mayor 1966–7. The son of immigrants from Latvia, he studied Law at Leeds, set up as a solicitor, capturing local Jewish life and Leeds Zionism in Mrs Sheinblum's Kitchen, and became a City Councillor, Liberal, then Labour. He led post-war comprehensive education reform in Leeds.[402][403][404][405][406][407][408]
Ronald “Ronnie” Feldman 1991–2[409]
Judith Chapman 2015–6.[410][411]
Community leaders[]
Joshua Abelson MA DLitt (1873–1940) became minister of the Leeds Great synagogue in 1920, and was an authoritative writer on Jewish Mysticism.[412][413][414]
Joseph Apfel (1909–96) A Talmudic scholar in Berlin, he fled the Gestapo, becoming cantor in 1938 at Leeds Belgrave Street Synagogue, later at the United Hebrew Congregation, and after, head of Leeds Beth Din. He retired in 1978.[415][416][417][418][419][30]
Solomon Brown OBE (1921–2008). After wartime service as a fire-watcher in London, and in Europe after liberation of the camps, Rabbi Brown served Leeds congregations 1951–92, and in retirement the Donisthorpe Hall care home. He published his sermons Waters of Life in 1975.[420][421]
Albert Chait MBE (born 1986), Rabbi at the United Hebrew Congregation, was recognized in 2022 New Year's Honours for services to the Jewish Community and to charity in West Yorkshire, particularly during COVID-19.[422][423][424]
Douglas Charing (born 1945) formerly a reform Judaism Rabbi in London, in 1974 became minister at the Sinai synagogue and founded the Jewish Education Bureau, Leeds. He writes (often introductory) texts on Judaism and Jewish life.[425][426]
Israel Daiches (1850/1–1937) was born in Lithuania, descendant and forebear of prominent rabbis; a Talmudic scholar and Jewish traditionalist, he was Chief Rabbi of Leeds when the community was at its peak population.[427][428][429][430][431][432]
Anthony Gilbert (born 1956) is Rabbi at the Etz Chaim synagogue,[433] registrar of Leeds Beth Din,[434] and chaplain to Leeds AJEX.[435]
Julius Gould (1892–1977) was Principal of the Leeds Rabbinic College around 1922–59, and a writer on Judaism.[436][437][438][439][440]
Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog (1888–1959) was brought up in Leeds, where his father Israel/Joel Herzog was a Rabbi before moving the family to Paris.[31] He became the first Chief Rabbi of Ireland, then 1936-59 (Ashkenazi) Chief Rabbi of Mandatory Palestine and first Chief Rabbi of Israel.[441][442] Amongst his influential family, son Chaim Herzog was, and his grandson Isaac Herzog is, President of the State of Israel.[443]
Ian Morris (born 1954) was Rabbi at the Reform Sinai synagogue 1996–2017, and chair of the Assembly of Reform Rabbis.[444][445][446][447][448]
Yehuda Refson (1946–2020) was Chabad Rabbi of Shomrei Hadass Synagogue, Leeds 1976–2002, head of the Leeds Beth Din, and co-director of the Leeds Menorah School.[449][42][450]
Meir Rehkavi (born 1962) Born Martin Furman in Leeds, he studied at yeshiva in Jerusalem, then mentored by the Karaite Hakham Mordechai Alfandari; he founded, as Chancellor, the Karaite Jewish University in California in 2005, supporting in America the first conversions of non-Jews to Karaite Judaism since 1465. He is the Hakham of Karaite Jews of Europe and sits on the Karaite Religious Council in Israel.[451][452][453]
Aaron Rumyanek (1876–1946) was a Polish-born Hebraist, Yiddishist and Zionist, headmaster of Leeds Hebrew school, a poet and pamphleteer.[454] His son Judah (Jay) Rumyanek was born in Leeds, director of the London Institute of Social Research 1934-8 before he moved to Princeton, USA.[454]
David Shiffer (1900–91) a Polish-born kosher poulterer, was president of Leeds Jewish Welfare Co-Operative Society (1948–76) and led creation of the 1959 New Vilna Synagogue in Moortown.[35][455][456][2]
Morris Silman (1876–1953) A Lithuanian/Russian-born jeweller and businessman, he was a leader and representative of Leeds Jewry, a Zionist and close associate of Selig Brodetsky and Chaim Weizmann, and supporter of education.[457][458][459][460][461]
Pat Solk MBE (1924–2008) was a Leeds Jewish welfare volunteer, later active in health, old age, the judiciary, arts and business start-ups. President of Age Concern Leeds, chair of Leeds Council for Voluntary Service and Leeds Eastern Health Authority, she initiated Jimmy's.[462] Pat received an honorary doctorate at Leeds University.[340]
Arthur Saul Super (1908–79) was rabbi of Leeds United Hebrew Congregation 1936–47, also wartime Army chaplain. Journalist and editor of Zionist Review, he was chief editorial writer of The Jerusalem Post.[463][464][465]
War service[]
Lt. Julius Diamond MC (1896–1917) of the Royal Flying Corps was born in Leeds. He was awarded the Military Cross for conspicuous gallantry.[466][467]
Lt. Walter Lubelski (aka Lyttleton) (1886–1919) won the Military Cross for service in World War I.[468][469]
Capt. Harry Silman (1910–2005) An army doctor and Leeds GP, he was wounded on the beaches of Dunkirk, and captured at Singapore, to become a prisoner working on the Burma Railway. His diary formed the basis of a later book.[470][471][472]
Esther Simpson OBE (1903–96) Leeds-born, attended Leeds Girls Modern School and Leeds University (later, an honorary degree). A leading figure in the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning, she helped pre-war and wartime refugees, including many Nobel Prize winners. She worked closely with key 20th century figures like Einstein and Wittgenstein.[473][474][475]
Jack White VC (1896–1949) Born in Leeds, he volunteered and fought in France, Gallipoli and then Mesopotamia. Age 20 he dived overboard during the crossing of the Diyala River, saving the life of an officer, earning the Victoria Cross "for most conspicuous bravery and resource".[476][477]
Holocaust education, and refugees[]
Max Abraham (1913–2016) fled Berlin with the Ort School in 1939, his exit papers signed by Adolf Eichmann. After the Kitchener Camp in Kent, he taught at the Ort School in Leeds until it closed in 1942, the last surviving teacher able to recall this period. His parents were murdered in Auschwitz.[478][479]
C.C. Aronsfeld (1910–2002) was a refugee in Leeds, who became an important writer on the Holocaust period, anti-Semitism and Jewish history.[480][481][482][483]
Eugene Black (1928–2016). When he was a teenager, his family was murdered in Auschwitz. Surviving slave-labour in a V-2 rocket factory, and a forced march to Belsen, post-war he was a Marks & Spencers manager. In the 1990s he talked in schools: "every one of us has the responsibility .. to remember those events and make sure they never happen again."[484][485][486]
Lilian Black OBE (1951–2020) she became chair of the Holocaust Survivors’ Friendship Association, a leading educator who helped set up the Holocaust Exhibition and Learning Centre.[487][488][486][489]
Leisel Carter (born 1935) She escaped from Germany age four, unaccompanied, via Sweden and Norway, to a foster family in Leeds, and began to tell her story from 2005.[490][491][492]
John Chillag (1927–2009) Raised in Hungary, he survived Auschwitz, where many of his relatives were murdered, and a forced march to Buchenwald. In Leeds from 1962, his later published his memoirs, and spoke to 25,000 young people.[493][494][495]
Ruth Grant (born 1928 Cologne) was age five when the Nazis confiscated the family home and business. Witnessing the aftermath of Kristallnacht, she followed her brother to England, with a place on a Kindertransport. She brought up a family in Leeds, and has published her life-story.[496][497][498]
Leslie Hardman MBE (1913–2008) minister at Chapeltown synagogue, as an Army chaplain entered Belsen in 1945. He supervised the burial of an estimated 20,000 victims. Broadcasting and writing thereafter he was an early Holocaust educator.[499][500][501]
Arek Hersh MBE (born 1928) is a Leeds-based Holocaust educator, who survived the Łódz ghetto, four camps including Auschwitz, and a death march. Liberated in 1945, he was one of the Windermere Children.[502][503][504][505]
Lt. Col Joseph Henry Levey DSO OBE (1881–1970) A veteran of the Boer War and WW1, on the eve of WW2 in 1939 he lobbied to evacuate Berlin's ORT School. Marching in his Scots kilt into SS headquarters, saving many staff and students, he re-established and oversaw the school in Leeds.[506][507][508][509][510][511]
Martin Kapel (born 1930) experienced Nazism in Leipzig; expelled by the SS into Poland in the forest at night, he lived in an impoverished Hasidic community soon to be eradicated. After the Kindertransport and the Coventry Blitz, he heard his mother alone remained of the extended family. A university lecturer in chemistry, he has helped the young learn from his past.[512][513][514][515][516]
Helena Kennedy (1912–2006) A Budapest dressmaker, apprenticed at Paris' House of Chanel, she sewed for the orchestra in Auschwitz, and after a winter march to Belsen, for Nazi women such as Dr. Mengele's girlfriend. With no surviving family, in 1956 she fled Hungary for Leeds, and built up a dressmaking business with clients like Edna Healey. She shared her life story.[517][518][519]
Iby Knill MA BEM (born 1923) was liberated from Auschwitz in 1945, and settled in Leeds, working for the Home Office. She has given many talks and published her life story.[520][521][522]
David Makofski (1892–1973) was wounded in World-War I; in the 1930s he organised immigration and found work for numerous refugees to Leeds, as chairman of the Leeds Jewish Refuge Committee.[523][524][64]
Rudi Leavor BEM (1926–2021). Brought to Shipley from Germany in 1937, Rudi qualified at Leeds in dentistry. Cantor, Bradford Reform Synagogue Life President, 50 year member Leeds Philharmonic Choir, composer of cantatas, champion of Inter-faith relations, and Berlin Jewish Museum, he was also a holocaust educator to the young.[525][526][527][528]
Judith Rhodes (born 1953) of Leeds made a film and gives talks, in the UK and Germany, about her mother Ursula Michel's experiences, including the Kindertransport.[529][530][531][532][533]
Suzanne Ripton (born 1936) who lives in Leeds, hid during the war in Paris, into 1947, finding she had lost her parents in Auschwitz. She has shared her experiences.[534][535][536][537][538]
Trude Silman MBE (born 1929) fled age nine before the Nazis invaded Czechoslovakia. She lives in Leeds, where for many years she ran the Holocaust Survivors Fellowship Association, and is now its Life President.[539][540][541][542][487]
Marguerite Simmons (born 1906), and son John Muller (born c.1928) met Hitler in 1934. In Leeds John became a senior lecturer at the university, and his mother later recounted their experiences.[543][544]
Ernst Simon BEM (born 1930) experienced Kristallnacht, and arrived from Austria on the Kindertransport in 1939, followed by his family. He had an international career with ICI, shared his experiences, and has been recognized for services to Holocaust Education.[545][546]
Heinz Skyte (1920–2020) was a refugee from Nazi Germany who pioneered the concept of sheltered housing in Leeds. Founder-chairman of the Holocaust Survivors Friendship Association, he frequently talked in schools.[547][548][549][550][551][552]
Sports[]
Alan Alster (born 1942) is a Leeds-based boxing referee and official.[553]
Manny Cussins (1905–87) furniture magnate and philanthropist, chaired Leeds United 1972–83.[231][132]
Leslie Goldberg (1918–1985, aka Les Gaunt) Born in Leeds, he played as Right Back for Leeds United FC from the 1930s, with two England Schoolboy caps, and returned from war service in India. After 33 appearances, he left for Reading FC in 1947.[554][555]
Phil Goldstone (born 1946) has worked in sports management; active in the Jewish community, he has written about Jewish sportspeople in Leeds.[556][557][558]
Gerald Krasner (born 1949), an insolvency accountant and Leeds United-fan, became chairman and led the 2004 financial rescue of the club; thereafter he was a specialist in managing imminent football bankruptcies.[559][560][561]
Wilf Rosenberg (1934–2019), a South African Rugby Union international, made 81 appearances for Leeds RLFC, helping the club to its first championship 1960–1.[562][563]
Bernard Shooman (born 1935) is a former Rugby League referee.[564][565]
Professionals - doctors[]
Saul Adler FRS (1895–1966) was son to a Russian Rabbi in Leeds, studying medicine locally. As a wartime army doctor in Mesopotamia, after Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, he became the world authority on Leishmaniasis, Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1928–55.[566]
Michael Benjamin (born Leeds 1944) is an Israeli psychiatrist and writer.[567][568][569]
Major Myer Coplans DSO OBE MD DPH (1879–1961). Demonstrator in bacteriology and public health at Leeds University, research on contamination and purification led him, in the First World War, to command the first mobile hygiene laboratory, with effective typhoid prevention in the field, and multiple European honours.[570][571][572][573][574][575][576][577][578][579][580][581]
Max Hamilton (1912–88) became Professor of Psychiatry at Leeds 1963–77; a pioneer in psychometrics, the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales are used worldwide.[582][583][584]
Augusta Landsman (1893–1966) Born in Leeds Augusta Umanski, she was the first woman to qualify from Leeds Medical School, later a pioneer of family planning and marriage guidance in London.[585][586][587][588]
Monty Losowsky (1931–2020) led the establishment of Europe's largest teaching hospital, St James's in Leeds. He qualified at Leeds, returning to be its specialist in liver disease and a Professor of medicine and later Dean of the medical school, appearing in Jimmy's on ITV. President of the British Society for Gastroenterology,[589] he helped found Coeliac UK.[590]
Ivor Meyer Quest (1928–93) a GP from Liverpool, became senior Police Surgeon in Leeds, and helped develop the Medical Protection Society.[591]
James Shapiro (born Leeds 1962) is a Canadian liver and pancreas surgeon known for the Edmonton Protocol transplant for diabetes. Professor at the University of Alberta, among his awards are Hunterian Professorship at the Royal College of Surgeons.[592]
Alan Silman (born 1951) is an epidemiologist and rheumatologist, professor of Musculoskeletal Health at Oxford University. He chairs Appeal Panels for NICE and edits major textbooks.[593][594][595]
Arnold Sorsby CBE (1900–80) was Polish-born, gained MD at Leeds in 1929, to become a noted eye surgeon, geneticist and Government advisor.[596] His brother Maurice Sorsby (1898–1949) also achieved MD at Leeds (1927), published widely, and organised pre-war medical relief for victims of Nazism.[596]
Moses Umanski (1862–1936) was a Russian army doctor who moved to Berlin, London and then Leeds (1892-1930), where he became superintendent of the Herzl-Moser hospital (1905–26). He founded the Leeds Hebrew Literary Society, the Leeds Zionist Association, in 1899 the English Zionist Federation, and the Zionist paper Dos Volk.[597][598][599]
Kurt Zinnemann DSc MD FRCPath (1908–88) Dismissed from his medical post by the Nazis, interrogated and imprisoned in Moscow, interned on the Isle of Man, he settled in Leeds, to become Professor of Bacteriology, world expert on Haemophilus infection, and leader in medical teaching.[600][601][602][603][604][605]
Professionals - lawyers[]
Robert Bartfield (born 1950) is Leeds-born and bred, a barrister specialised in family law,[606][607] retired as a North-Eastern Circuit Judge in 2019.[608][609][610][611][612][613]
Stanley Berwin (1926–88) was a leading lawyer of his time, founding partner of top City of London firms Berwin & Co and SJ Berwin, director at NM Rothschild bank, and deputy chairman at British Land. Born into a Leeds tailoring family (Berwin & Berwin), his nephew Paul Berwin founded Yorkshire law firm Berwins. He was educated at Roundhay School and later Leeds University.[614][615][616][617][618]
Barrington Black (born 1932) is a former Leeds criminal solicitor, (defended the Black Panther case; his firm became Blacks), Bow Street stipendiary magistrate, Circuit Judge and Supreme Court Judge in Gibraltar, who retired age 81. He was educated at Roundhay School and Leeds University (President of the Union, later Member of Council).[619][620]
Bryan Bush (1936–2014) was born in Leeds and educated at Leeds Grammar School. An Oxford graduate and table-tennis blue, he set up legal practice in Bradford, became a London barrister and then age 46, north-eastern Circuit Judge. He sat often in Leeds on mercantile and family courts.[621][622]
Anthony Conway (born 1935) was for over 50 years a solicitor in Leeds, in his father's firm, also President Leeds Law Society, Chair of Convocation at Leeds University, President Leeds Jewish Representative Counncil, and joint chairman Leeds Council of Christians and Jews.[623][624]
Arthur Sigismund Diamond (1897–1978) was Leeds-born, educated at Leeds Grammar, he was awarded the Military Medal in the First World War and became Master of the Supreme Court for two decades. Also member of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and President of the Jewish Historical Society, his extensive writings on law, language and culture remain important.[625][626][627][239]
John Dyson, Lord Dyson PC (born 1943) was a barrister, Master of the Rolls, and a Justice of the UK Supreme Court 2010–2. Leeds-born, he was educated at Leeds Grammar School, and in 2014 awarded an honorary LLD by Leeds University.[628][629][630][631]
Neil Franklin OBE (born 1948) was the longest-serving Chief Crown Prosecutor for England up to 2011. The Leeds-born Roundhay High pupil articled to Levi & Co. solicitors in Leeds and joined the West Yorkshire prosecuting department. He is currently chair of Leeds Community Health NHS Trust,[632][633]
Martin Goldman (born 1964) is currently Chief Crown Prosecutor for North-West England, and was previously Chief prosecutor in Leeds.[634][635]
Paul Hoffman (born c.1937) who went to Roundhay Boys School, later a Leeds barrister,[636] was Honorary Recorder of York from 2002 to 2007, resident judge at York Crown Court 1999–2007,[637] at Leeds Crown Court 2008–11.[638]
Alter Max Hurwitz (1889–1970) was a Rabbi's son and leading barrister who founded the "Jewish" Park Square chambers in Leeds,[639] where many legal careers began.[636] He was named in the Nazi black book of 1940.[640] Hurwitz was appointed Recorder of Halifax in 1957.[641][642]
Vivian Hurwitz (1926–2011) was a barrister, a Recorder and then a Judge on the North-Eastern Circuit.[643][636]
Harold Lightman QC was a prominent London barrister,[644] father of Sir Gavin Lightman QC,[645][646] and Stafford Lightman FRS.
Sir Rudolph Lyons QC (1912–91) attended Leeds Grammar School and studied law at Leeds. Recorder at Leeds 1965–70 and Circuit Judge 1972–82, he became Leader of the North-Eastern Circuit. A founder of the Leeds Judean Club, supporter of the Junior Zionist Association and later Leeds Jewish Representative Council, Board of Guardians and Talmud Torah, he became President of Leeds B'nai B'rith and national vice-president.[647][648][649]
Arthur Myerson QC (born 1928) was a Leeds barrister,[636] resident Judge in York,[650] and Circuit Judge 1978–99.[651]
Jerry Pearlman MBE (1933–2018) A long-time solicitor in Leeds, he was national Vice President of the Ramblers, and an enthusiast for the right to roam and the Yorkshire Dales. The Jerry Pearlman Way from Alwoodley to Harewood commemorates his legal campaigns for public access to the countryside.[652][653][300][654][655]
Raphael Powell (1904–1965) was a law lecturer at Leeds 1932–6, President of Leeds Zionist Association, writer on Judaism and law, later Professor of Roman Law at UCL 1955–64.[656][657]
Geoffrey Rivlin QC (born 1940, Leeds) was a Leeds barrister,[636] became Circuit and Resident Judge in London, and chaired the Bar Council's Criminal Justice and Reform group.[658][659]
Laurence Saffer (born 1962) has lived in Leeds all his life, and was president of the Leeds Jewish Representative Council to 2017.[660] He is a barrister, and a first-tier Tribunal Judge in Bradford and London.[661][662]
Julius Silman (1909–98). Born in Leeds where he qualified in law, he became a prominent London commercial solicitor, with clients such as Lew Grade, involved with many high-profile media and political events of the 1960s.[663][664]
Charles Sinclair-Morris (1923-–2012) Born Kurt Leopold Sinsheimer, he left Munich on the Kindertransport, later seeing British Army service in Germany in the war. He became a barrister and Immigration Tribunal Adjudicator.[665][666][667][668]
Julius Stone AO OBE (1907–1985) Born in Leeds, where he studied law, and taught briefly, he became an influential international law professor in Australia. Strongly Zionist and a towering intellect, he left a major corpus of published work on jurisprudence.[669][670]
Marilyn Stowe (born 1957), lawyer specialising in family law.[671][672]
Victor Zermansky (1931–2013), President of Leeds Law Society, deputy Circuit Judge, President of the Jewish Representative Council.[673][674]
Other professionals[]
Basil Gillinson (1925–2001) studied at Leeds School of Architecture, and with fellow Jewish architect Clifford Harry Barnett (1927-?) ran a practice in Leeds known for the Merrion Centre in Leeds, and many other landmark UK modernist leisure facilities.[675][676][677][678]
Joe Glucksmann MBE (1912–70) headmaster of Woodhouse County Secondary School, and honorary life officer of Beth Hamedrash Hagad synagogue was recognized in the Queen's 1966 birthday honours.[48][679][680]
Oxbridge graduates[]
Aryeh Newman (1924–2020) Born in Leeds, went to Cambridge, was an Israeli scholar, expert on Judaica and linguistics, also an ordained rabbi. After working at the Jewish Agency, he joined the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and is known for translation of the writings of Nehama Leibowitz.[681]
Geoffrey Raisman FRS (1939–2017), born to a Leeds tailor who worked for Burton's, attended Roundhay School, went to Oxford. He was a neuroscientist, who demonstrated the plasticity of nerve synapses and the mechanisms of nerve regeneration,[682] and told his Leeds family's story in The Undark Sky.[683]
Philip Saffman FRS (1931–2008) born in Leeds, educated at Roundhay Grammar School, studied at Cambridge, was a mathematician eventually at the California Institute of Technology; he was a world-leading figure in fluid mechanics and vortex dynamics.[684][685]
Geoffrey Wigoder (1922–99) born in Leeds, he took a doctorate at Oxford, became editor of the Encyclopaedia Judaica, professor, columnist and international broadcaster from Israel, writer on archaeology, and an advocate of Jewish-Christian dialogue.[686][687][688] He was a member of the Wigoder family[689][690][691]
Academics at Leeds Universities[]
Zygmunt Bauman (1925–2017) was a sociologist and philosopher, driven out by the 1968 Polish purge, who became Professor of Sociology at Leeds, later Emeritus. Bauman wrote on modernity and the Holocaust, postmodern consumerism, globalisation and morality. The University of Leeds established the Bauman Institute in his honour.[692][693][694]
Jeremy Baumberg FRS (born 1967), is Professor of Nanoscience at Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory, Director of the NanoPhotonics Centre, and also a science broadcaster. His awards include the Faraday Medal.[695][696][697][698]
Simon Baumberg OBE (1940–2007) was professor of bacterial genetics at Leeds University, and among many roles, chair of the Medical Research Council Advisory Board; he was also an active participant in local Jewish communal life.[699][700][701][702]
Selig Brodetsky (1888–1954) was a Russian-born Professor of Mathematics at Leeds 1924–48,[703] a leading member of the World Zionist Organisation, the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, and the second president of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[2][99]
Geoffrey Cantor (born 1943) is Professor Emeritus of the history of science at the Centre for Jewish Studies at Leeds, an expert on Judaism and 19th-century science.[704][705][706]
Anthony Clavane (born 1960) attended Roundhay School, he is a researcher, journalist, and award-winning author on the Anglo-Jewish experience, anti-Semitism, football, and Leeds, with a visiting fellowship at Leeds Beckett University.[707][708][709][710][711][712]
Julius B. Cohen FRS (1859–1935) was born in Manchester; in Leeds from 1885 he was Professor of Organic Chemistry 1904–24. As well as authoring organic chemistry textbooks, he campaigned against air pollution.[713]
Frank Felsenstein (born 1944, London) of the Leeds Centre for Jewish Studies, was an Emeritus Professor in the US, and previously Reader in 18th century studies 1971–98 at Leeds. His wide interests include English literature, anti-Semitic stereotypes, and the Holocaust.[714][715]
Eugene Grebenik CB (1919–2001) An expert on demography and professor of social studies at Leeds University 1954–70, he became the first principal of the Civil Service College, and president of the British Society for Population Studies.[716]
Erika Harris, whose Slovakian parents survived Auschwitz and Sachsenhausen, is an academic expert in European nationalism. She studied at Leeds University, to become Professor of Politics at Liverpool University.[717][718][719][720][721][722]
Benedikt Isserlin (1916–2005) son of famous Munich psychiatrist Max Isserlin, headed the Department of Semitic Studies at Leeds University, where he worked for 30 years. An archaeologist and linguist, he excavated in North Africa and the Far East, including the Phoenician site in Motya.[723][724][725]
Walter Kellermann FInstP (1915–2012) Born to a Berlin Rabbi, he graduated in Vienna and escaped to England, only to be interned. He made a contribution to the Theory of Solids, before at Leeds from 1949, he led important work on cosmic rays (often out on the Pennines). He was involved in University administration, the Leeds Reform Jewish community, and the Fabian Society.[726][727]
Hyam Maccoby (1924–2004), scholar of Jewish and Christian tradition, was grandson of the Kamenitzer Maggid.[728] After war service librarian of Leo Baeck College, London, in retirement he joined the Centre for Jewish Studies, Leeds. He viewed Jesus as a mainstream Jewish messiah claimant, executed by the Romans, with Christianity entirely founded by Paul, a Hellenist. He wrote the play and film The Disputation.[729][730][731]
Jonathan Newman is a filmmaker and writer, trained at the Northern Film School in Leeds, whose work includes the critically acclaimed Foster, winner Best Feature film at the Rhode Island Film Festival.[732][733][734]
Griselda Pollock (born 1949) came to Leeds in 1997, expert and writer on aesthetics, feminism and trauma, currently professor of social and critical art history, and Director of the Centre for Cultural Analysis, Theory and History at Leeds University.[735][736][737][738]
Jay Prosser (born 1966) is reader in humanities at the University of Leeds, winner of the 2020 Rowley Prize for Empire's Loving Strangers, a biography that explores his Jewish family's experiences and connections across empires and centuries.[739][740][741]
David A. Shapiro (born 1945), Professor of Psychology at Leeds University 1995–2006, son of Monte Shapiro, led the Sheffield-Leeds Psychotherapy Research Programme.[742][743][744][745][746]
Max Silverman (born c.1957 London) is Professor of French, and Director of Research at Leeds School of Modern Languages since 2011. At Leeds since 1986, his interests cover contemporary French society, including post-Holocaust culture, and race and memory.[747][748]
Johanna Stiebert (born c.1970 New Zealand), is Professor of Hebrew Bible at Leeds University, with expertise in bible texts, Judaism, world religions, and gender.[749][750]
Alumni of Leeds Universities[]
Malcolm Chaikin AO OBE (1923–2012) With BSc, PhD from Leeds University, became Australia's youngest-ever professor, in textile technology; later pro-vice-chancellor, University of New South Wales, Australia.[751]
Basil Gillinson (1925–2001) studied at Leeds School of Architecture, and with fellow Jewish architect Clifford Harry Barnett (born 1927) ran a practice in Leeds known for the Merrion Centre in Leeds, and many other landmark UK modernist leisure facilities.[675][676][677][678]
Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002) an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science, attended Leeds University, and organized demonstrations at a Bradford dance hall, overturning a bar on black people.[752] He later received an honorary degree at Leeds.[340]
Nicola Mendelsohn, Baroness Mendelsohn CBE (born 1971) an advertising executive, currently for Facebook, and non-executive director of Diageo, who graduated from Leeds University in English and Theatre Studies. In her senior year, she helped raise £20,000 for Jewish causes.[753]
Peter Morgan CBE (born 1963) is a screenwriter and playwright best known for The Audience, Frost/Nixon and The Crown. He studied Fine Art at Leeds University and was later awarded an Honorary Degree.[754]
Richard Quest (born 1962 Liverpool) trained in law at Leeds, broadcast on St James's Hospital radio, is a CNN news and business anchor.[755][756]
Jay Rayner (born 1966) son of Claire Rayner, studied politics at Leeds, edited the student newspaper, and is now a broadcaster, writer, journalist, food critic, novelist and Jazz band pianist, in London. Day of Atonement (1998) was shortlisted for the Jewish Quarterly Prize for Fiction.[757][758]
Jon Silkin (1930–97) was a London-born poet, lecturer, and founder/editor of literary magazine Stand. He took a late English degree and a Fellowship at Leeds University, where the archives of Stand are now held.[759][760][761][762]
Jonathan Silver (1949–97) Bradford-born he studied Art History & Textiles at Leeds. He grew and sold a string of businesses, and developed Salts Mill, Saltaire, as art gallery, performance venue and shopping centre, before Saltaire village became a World Heritage Site.[763][764][765]
Leslie Wagner CBE (born 1943) academic economist was Vice-Chancellor Leeds Metropolitan University 1994–2003.[766] He is a Trustee of The Jewish Chronicle, a member of the Chief Rabbinate Trust, and chair of the Commission on Jewish Schools.[767][768]
Alan Yentob (born 1947) television executive and presenter, studied law at Leeds, and was involved in student drama. He later received an honorary degree.[769][770]
Community historians[]
James Appell (born Leeds 1984) studied history and Russian at Oxford. Now a New York sports journalist, he has written about the Jews of Leeds, Britain and Eastern Europe.[771][772][773][774]
Joseph Buckman (born Leeds 1926) wrote about the politics of the class struggle amongst the Jews of Leeds.[775][776]
Murray Freedman (1928–2011) A Leeds dentist, he became the meticulous chronicler of his community, publishing extensively, with an MA at Leeds University. He was Leeds president of the Jewish Historical Society.[777][778][779][6][780][781]
Nigel Grizzard (born London 1952) is a writer on Jewish communities of Yorkshire, and the Jewish Heritage Guide for Yorkshire, including Leeds where he now lives, and Bradford.[782][783][784][785][786][787]
Ernest Krausz (1931–2018) was son of a Leeds Rabbi, who conducted a pioneering survey on the Jews of Leeds.[438] Later an Israeli Professor of Sociology, and Rector at Bar Ilan University, he was a "polymath .. from empirical research .. to the philosophy of science".[788]
Irina Kudenko (born c.1970) took a PhD at Leeds University and has published on the spatial geography and identity of the Jews of Leeds.[789][790][791]
Aubrey Newman (1927–2005) was a Leeds-based academic historian, whose work includes Anglo-Jewry and the Holocaust.[792][793][794][795]
Louis Saipe (1896–1984) was a local Jewish historian in Leeds, and authored the play "They came to Leeds" around 1950.[796][797][798][799]
References[]
- ^ a b "JCR-UK - Leeds Jewish Community & Synagogues, West Yorkshire, UK". www.jewishgen.org. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Leeds and its Jewish community: a history. Derek Fraser. Manchester. 2019. ISBN 978-1-5261-2309-1. OCLC 1091191287.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b c d Jolles, Michael; Rubinstein, Hilary L.; Rubinstein, W. D. (2011). The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo-Jewish history. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 558. ISBN 978-1-4039-3910-4. OCLC 644655045.
- ^ a b Freedman, Murray (1993). "Leeds Jewish Community - The Early Years". Shemot. 1 (2): 11–12. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g Grizzard, Nigel (2019). Demographic: the Jewsih population of Leeds - how many Jews? In: Leeds and its Jewish community: a history. Ed. Derek Fraser. Manchester. pp. 35–46. ISBN 978-1-5261-2309-1. OCLC 1091191287.
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- History of Leeds
- Jewish English history