Hitachi Rail Italy
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Formerly | AnsaldoBreda (2001-2015) |
---|---|
Type | Società per Azioni |
Industry | Engineering |
Predecessor | Società Italiana Ernesto Breda, Gio. Ansaldo & C. |
Founded | 2001 (Merger of Ansaldo Trasporti and Breda Costruzioni Ferroviarie) |
Fate | Acquired by Hitachi Rail |
Headquarters | , |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | Maurizio Manfellotto (President & CEO) |
Products | Rail transport vehicles |
Services | Maintenance |
Number of employees | 2,400 |
Parent | Hitachi (2015–present) Finmeccanica (2001–2015) |
Subsidiaries | Hitachi Rail USA[1] |
Website | www |
Hitachi Rail Italy S.p.A. is a multinational rolling stock manufacturer company based in Pistoia, Italy. Formerly AnsaldoBreda S.p.A., a subsidiary of state-owned Finmeccanica, the company was sold in 2015 to Hitachi Rail of Japan.[2] After the deal was finalized, the current name was adapted in November 2015 to reflect the new ownership.[3]
History[]
Early history: Ansaldo and Breda[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Giovanni_Ansaldo_.jpg/150px-Giovanni_Ansaldo_.jpg)
Ansaldo[]
In 1853, the company Gio. Ansaldo & C. was registered in Genoa as a manufacturer of steam locomotives, rail rolling stock and steam engines. The company was backed by Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, the powerful finance minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, who aimed to reduce its dependence on imported trains and rolling stock.[4] Ansaldo entered the age of the steam locomotive in 1854 with its model FS113, also known as Sampierdarena. During the First world war, Ansaldo became a large supplier of weapons to the Italian army; facing insurmountable difficulties with post-war reconversion to civilian industry, the company was eventually nationalised in 1921.[5] During the rest of the 1900s, the company diversified in different fields, especially power generation (Ansaldo Energia) and nuclear research, while the rolling stock activities were reunited under Ansaldo Trasporti.
Breda[]
In 1886, Ernesto Breda founded in Milan Società Italiana Ernesto Breda.[6] By 1908, Breda's thousandth locomotive was built.[6] Breda entered the electric locomotive era in 1936 with the production of the FS Class ETR 200 series electric multiple unit. In 1939 this type set the land speed record for rail vehicles[7] at 203 km/h (126 mph).[8] Similarly to Ansaldo, also Breda became a main weapon supplier to the Fascist regime, especially of artillery and airplanes. After the Second world war the company was facing bankruptcy, and was eventually nationalised in 1947. During the Italian economic miracle of the 1950-60s, Breda produced a highly successful commuter train, the FS Class ETR 300, several classes of railcars and locomotives, and diversified into defense (OTO Melara) and, especially, buses. In the 1980s Breda participated in the consortium that designed the first Italian high-speed train, the FS Class ETR 500.
Merger and crisis (2001-2015)[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/AnsaldoBreda_logo.svg/220px-AnsaldoBreda_logo.svg.png)
In a massive restructuring effort, in 2001 the Italian state merged all the rolling stock activities of the then loss-making Ansaldo and Breda in a new company, AnsaldoBreda,[9] that in turn became part of the Finmeccanica state-owned group.[10] The new company won a string of big contracts across Europe and the United States; however, lacking adequate funding and capacity,[11] AnsaldoBreda became infamous for its unreliable products and long delays, irreparably damaging the reputation of the company.
Controversies during the 2000s[]
In 1991, 100 4000 Series railcars from AnsaldoBreda were delivered to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. On July 4, 2010, after several incidents where the doors would open while the train was in motion, Metro removed the fleet for repairs until July 20 of the same year. On November 17, 2016, Metro discovered an error in which a 4000-series car would display an incorrect speed limit to a train operator while in manual mode (which is the only mode used since the June 2009 Washington Metro train collision). On June 7, 2017, Metro announced that the 4000-series cars would be fully retired and removed from service on July 1, 2017, and by that date, all cars were taken out of service.[12]
Delivery of 83 IC4 AnsaldoBreda trainsets for the Danish State Railways DSB was originally planned for 2003-2006. However, the last train was delivered only in 2013 and IC4 trains have seen many technical problems during their service.[13][14][15][16] DSB announced in 2016 that the trains would be withdrawn from service from 2024.[17][18]
After winning a big contract for the Fyra project in 2004, nine V250 train units were delivered to NS over five years later than originally contracted. Soon after the trains went into service in the Netherlands and Belgium, the V250 suffered a number of severe technical problems. The Fyra had a poor reputation for reliability. After a month of operations more than 5% of all trains were cancelled and less than 45% of them ran on schedule.[19] On 31 May 2013, NMBS/SNCB announced that they would exit the Fyra project and cancel the contract with AnsaldoBreda.[20]
The City of Gothenburg in Sweden has ordered 40 one-directional Sirio trams which were to be put into service on the Gothenburg tram network during 2005 and onwards. The trams were delivered late and functioned poorly when put into traffic. Among reported problems were corrosion, excessive track damage caused by the trams, malfunctioning air conditioners inside the trams and poor ride quality. The City of Gothenburg therefore withheld a large part of the payment for a delivered tram until fully operational.[21][22][23][24][25]
The 32 two-directional trams delivered for the Oslo Tramway from 1999, called SL95, have met several difficulties with rust during snowy weather and the heavy weight necessitates much maintenance to streets and tracks, which make the trams expensive to operate.[26][27] They are also considered to create more noise than necessary. The replacement of the trams will start in 2020 and the last trams will be taken out of service in 2024.[28][29]
After 7 years on a 4 year project the region of Stockholm decided to cancel the contract on new signal system for the red metro line in Stockholm with Ansaldo on 1 billion SEK. The prepayment of hundreds of million SEK is currently up in arbitration court. [1]
The Italian high-speed trains program[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Frecciarossa_1000.tif/lossless-page1-220px-Frecciarossa_1000.tif.png)
In spite of its overall terminal crisis, AnsaldoBreda managed to successfully participate in the Italian high-speed trains program until the very end of its existence. The ETR 500, that entered service in 1993, was continuously upgraded and run at a record speed of 362 km/h (225 mph) in the Monte Bibele tunnel between Florence and Bologna in 2009, setting a speed record for trains in a tunnel.[30] A new generation high-speed train, the Frecciarossa 1000, was developed in a consortium with Bombardier Transportation and entered service in 2015.[31][32] On 26 February 2016, a Frecciarossa 1000 reportedly attained a peak speed of 393.8 km/h (244.7 mph) while traversing the Torino-Milano high speed line.[33]
Hitachi Italy era (2015 to present)[]
Lacking the funds for a proper restructuring of its troubled subsidiary, Finmeccanica on 2 November 2015 announced the 'closing of transactions' covering the acquisition of AnsaldoBreda by Hitachi, together with Finmeccanica's 40% stake in Ansaldo STS. Under the agreements signed on 24 February 2015, following a dividend distribution announced on 6 March, the purchase price for Finmeccanica's stake in Ansaldo STS has been set at €9.50 per share, amounting to a total of €761m. The total net consideration to be paid for AnsaldoBreda as a going concern, including property assets, amounts to around €30m. As a part of the deal Finmeccanica would keep the responsibility for some residual contracts.[34]
On 2 November 2015 AnsaldoBreda changed its name to Hitachi Rail Italy.[3][35][36][37] Since being acquired by Hitachi, production of some British Rail Class 802 has been shifted to Hitachi Rail Italy's Pistoia plant due to Hitachi Rail's Newton Aycliffe, England plant being at capacity.[38] The name changed in Hitachi Rail with headquarters in London and subsidiary in Pistoia. Production sites in Italy remain in Pistoia and Gaeta.[39]
Products[]
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DMU and EMU[]
- Frecciarossa 1000
- FS Class ALe 642
- FS Class ETR 500
- IC4
- NSB Class 72
- Treno ad alta frequentazione
- Treno Servizio Regionale
- V250 (train)
Metro[]
Tram and light rail[]
Locomotives[]
Main operators[]
Brazil[]
- Elettrotreno ETR 211 (Metrostar) for Fortaleza Metro running in the Linha Sul
China[]
- Sirio for Zhuhai Tram
Denmark[]
- Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro for Copenhagen Metro.
- diesel multiple unit IC4 for DSB
Greece[]
- Sirio for Athens Tram.
- Tri-mode trains for TrainOSE long-distance services capable of operating with electrical supply, diesel engines or onboard batteries, to be delivered from 2022.
Italy[]
- high-speed ETR 500 for Trenitalia of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane.[40][41][42][43]
- high-speed Frecciarossa 1000 for Trenitalia of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane.[44][45]
- locomotive E.402
- locomotive E.403
- multiple unit Treno Servizio Regionale (TSR) for LeNORD.
- multiple unit Treno ad alta frequentazione (TAF) for Ferrovie Nord Milano (FNM).
- multiple unit Caravaggio for Trenitalia and FNM.
- three-car articulated units ETR 211 Metrostar for Circumvesuviana. The Circumvesuviana operate a fleet of twenty-six "Metrostar".[46]
- Meneghino for Milan Metro.[47][48]
- for Milan Metro.
- Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro for Milan Metro and Brescia Metro.[49][50][51]
- Sirio for Tramvie Elettriche Bergamasche of Bergamo.[52]
- Sirio for Rete tranviaria di Firenze of Florence.[53][54]
- Sirio for Naples tramway network of Naples and for Sassari metro-tramway.
Morocco[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ONCF_-_Ansaldo_Breda_Z2M.jpg/220px-ONCF_-_Ansaldo_Breda_Z2M.jpg)
Norway[]
- electric multiple unit NSB Class 72 for Norwegian State Railways. The NSB operates a fleet of 36 trains.[56]
- multiple unit SL95 for Oslo Tramway. Sporveien Trikken operates a fleet of 32 low-floor, articulated trams.[57] Over the years, AnsaldoBreda has updated the equipment to meet the requirements and demands of the operator in Norway.[58][59]
Spain[]
- multiple unit AnsaldoBreda series S7000 operates mainly on the Line 10 (Madrid Metro) Madrid Metro. The Madrid Metro operates a fleet of 37 trains.[60][61]
- multiple unit AnsaldoBreda series S9000 for the Line 7 (Madrid Metro) Madrid Metro. The Madrid Metro operates a fleet of 53 trains.[62]
Sweden[]
- Sirio trams for Gothenburg tram network of Gothenburg.[25][63][64]
Turkey[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/AnsaldoBreda_Sirio_in_Samsun.jpg/220px-AnsaldoBreda_Sirio_in_Samsun.jpg)
- Sirio for Samsun Tram.
United Kingdom[]
- Midland Metro formerly operated a fleet of 16 two carriage T69 trams in Birmingham.[65] The fleet was completely replaced after 14 years of service by CAF Urbos 3 trams in 2015.[66]
- Manchester Metrolink commenced operations in 1992 using a passenger fleet of 26 T-68 trams, with a further 6 (slightly modified) versions supplied by 2000. The entire fleet was gradually replaced by 2013.
- Great Western Railway ordered 36 train sets of British Rail Class 802 which were produced in HRI's Pistoia facility.
United States[]
- multiple unit Breda CQ312 class for the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority. The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority operates a fleet of 100 cars, car numbers 601-702, built by Breda, 2001–2005.[67]
- multiple unit AnsaldoBreda Type 8 LRV for the MBTA's Green Line in Boston. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority operates a fleet of 95 LRV cars,[68] alongside the MBTA's existing Kinki Sharyo type 7 cars. The Breda cars have been very difficult to maintain and are expected to be outlasted by their predecessors (built by Kinki Sharyo)
- multiple unit AnsaldoBreda LRV for the Blue and Green lines of Cleveland. The RTA Rapid Transit operates a fleet of 48 LRV cars.[69]
- multiple unit AnsaldoBreda P2550[70] for the Los Angeles Metro L Line. The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority operates a fleet of 50 LRV cars.
- multiple unit AnsaldoBreda A650 Breda A650. The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority operates a fleet of 72 vehicles on the B Line and D Line.
- multiple unit AnsaldoBreda LRV2 and AnsaldoBreda LRV3 for the Muni Metro of San Francisco Municipal Railway.[71] The Muni Metro operates a fleet of 151 LRV cars.[71][72]
- multiple units for the Washington Metro. The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority operates:
- 1000-Series—300 units originally built by Rohr, Inc., 290 units were refurbished by Breda; retired in 2017
- 2000-Series—76 units built
- 3000-Series—290 units built
- 4000-Series—100 units built; retired in 2017[73]
- 136 cars for Metrorail (Miami-Dade County) - assembled in Medley by HRI subsidiary Hitachi Rail USA
- 78 cars for Baltimore Metro SubwayLink[74]-Also assembled in Miami by Hitachi Rail USA
- 80 cars for Honolulu Area Rapid Transit (HART)
See also[]
- Ansaldo
- Breda
- Leonardo S.p.A. (also known as Finmeccanica)
References[]
- ^ "Hitachi Rail USA opens Miami manufacturing facility | Hitachi in the U.S.A." www.hitachi.us. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
- ^ "Hitachi agrees to buy Ansaldo STS and AnsaldoBreda". Railway Gazette. 24 February 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Hitachi completes Ansaldo deal". Railway Gazette. November 2, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
- ^ "Cavour e la fondazione dell'Ansaldo - Lezioni di Storia - parte 3, Valerio Castronovo". YouTube. November 29, 2010.
- ^ Castronovo, Valerio (2012). Storia dell'Iri. 1.Dalle origini al dopoguerra;1933-1948. Bari: Laterza. ISBN 9788858103616.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "BREDA, Ernesto in "Dizionario Biografico"".
- ^ "Forse nel tentativo di raggiungere il primato mondiale di velocità ferroviaria, che appena il mese prima un treno Diesel tedesco in prova aveva portato a 215 km/h, si pensò a una nuova corsa con un ETR.200. L'ingegner Mario Martinelli delle FS ricorda che 'poiché sembrava che la corsa dovesse essere ripetuta, fu prescelto l'ETR.214 per questo secondo exploit... poi l'idea della seconda corsa fu abbandonata: la guerra si avvicinava." Cf Cornolò, Una leggenda op. cit., p. 34.
- ^ Maurizio Panconesi, La direttissima degli Appennini. La linea Bologna-Prato e le sue ferrovie di servizio, Cortona, Calosci, 2002, ISBN 88-7785-179-1, pp. 121-125.
- ^ Company. AnsaldoBreda. Retrieved on 2009-07-17.
- ^ Energy Transportation Archived 2009-04-04 at the Wayback Machine. Finmeccanica. Retrieved on 2009-07-17.
- ^ "Finnmeccanica: Orsi, cessione dei settori no core. L'azienda non ha risorse per sviluppo nei trasporti". Ferpress. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
- ^ Tuss, Adam (February 13, 2018). "Say Goodbye: Metro Retires Its Most Unreliable Trains". NBC4 Washington. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
- ^ "Havarikommissionen: Ingen aner, hvorfor IC4-bremserne svigter". ing.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 10 October 2014.
- ^ "IC4-passengers evacuated due to smoke". ing.dk. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
- ^ "Researcher after new computer problem in IC4: This train is unfit for service". ing.dk. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
- ^ "IC4-report: Engines also affected by considerable failure". ing.dk. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
- ^ Barrow, Keith. "Denmark to launch tender for electric train fleet". Retrieved 2018-02-01.
- ^ "Some Danish trains falling to pieces on the track". cphpost.dk (in Danish). The Copenhagen Post - Danish News in English. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
- ^ "problematic start for fyra". HLN. 2013-01-09.
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- ^ NRK. "Vil bytte ut alt". NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2018-01-07.
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- ^ "Raggiunto in galleria il record mondiale di velocità di 362 km/h" (in Italian). fsnews.it. February 2009. Retrieved 2013-04-12.
- ^ Frecciarossa 1000 in cifre (25-09-2012).
- ^ "Il primo Frecciarossa 1000 sarà dedicato a Pietro Mennea - Notizie - FSNews".
- ^ "Il Frecciarossa 1000 è ancora da record". Ferrovie.it. 2016-02-26. Retrieved 2019-06-01.
- ^ Hitachi agrees to buy Ansaldo STS and AnsaldoBreda (24 Feb 2015)
- ^ "Hitachi agrees to buy Ansaldo STS and AnsaldoBreda". Railway Gazette. February 24, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
- ^ Masoni, Danilo; Za, Valentina (February 24, 2015). "Finmeccanica agrees sale of rail businesses to Hitachi for $2.2 billion". Reuters. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
- ^ Amano, Takashi; Matsuda, Kiyotaka (February 23, 2015). "Hitachi Agrees to Buy Two Finmeccanica Rail Businesses". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
- ^ "Great Western AT300 trainsets to be built in Italy", www.railwaygazette.com, 22 December 2015
- ^ https://www.hitachirail.com/it/
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- ^ "Trenitalia unveils Frecciarossa 1000", www.railwaygazette.com, 20 August 2012
- ^ "Ecco "Metrostar", il nuovo treno della Circumvesuviana - Napoli la Repubblica.it".
- ^ "Milan Metro Meneghino" (PDF). AnsaldoBreda. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
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- ^ "SL 95 (PDF in Norwegian)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2013.
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- ^ Blix, Håvard (2001). "SL95". Lokaltrafikk (in Norwegian). 47: 41–42.
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- ^ Serie 7000 Archived October 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ Boynton (2001), p.80.
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- ^ Bierman, Noah (November 12, 2007). "T will take 10 new cars for its busy Green Line". The Boston Globe.
- ^ Exner, Rich (June 3, 2005). "Rebuild is anything but rapid RTA's first Breda-car renovations: over budget and behind schedule". The Plain Dealer. p. B3. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
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Further reading[]
- Giovanni Cornolò, Una leggenda che corre. Breve storia dell'elettrotreno e dei suoi primati. ETR.200 - ETR.220 - ETR 240, 2. ed., Salò, Editrice Trasporti su Rotaie, 1990, ISBN 88-85068-23-5
- Stefano Garzaro, Angelo Nascimbene, FS-Italia. Elettrotreno ETR 400 "Pendolino", collana Monografie ferroviarie n. 6, Torino, Edizioni Elledi, 1982
External links[]
Media related to Hitachi Rail Italy at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
(in Italian)
- Gio. Ansaldo & C.
- Società Italiana Ernesto Breda
- AnsaldoBreda
- Italian brands
- Railway companies established in 2001
- Italian companies established in 2001
- Companies based in Tuscany
- Companies based in Naples
- Multinational companies headquartered in Italy
- Hitachi
- Manufacturing companies established in 2001