House of Bourbon-Parma
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House of Bourbon-Parma | |
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Parent house | House of Bourbon-Anjou (agnatic) House of Farnese (cognatic) |
Country | ![]() ![]() ![]() show
Former countries |
Founded | 18 October 1748 |
Founder | Philip |
Current head | Prince Carlos |
Final ruler | Parma: Robert I (1854–1859) |
Titles | Current:
Former:
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Deposition | Parma, 9 June 1859: Annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia |
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The House of Bourbon-Parma (Italian: Casa di Borbone di Parma) is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the French Capetian dynasty in male line. Its name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name (Bourbon) and the other (Parma) from the title of Duke of Parma. The title was held by the Spanish Bourbons as the founder was the great-grandson of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma.[2][3]
Since 1964 a cadet branch of the House has reigned as Grand Duke of Luxembourg.[4]
Duchy of Parma[]
The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered on the city of Parma. In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, was given the city of Piacenza, becoming thus also Duke of Piacenza, and so the state was thereafter properly known as the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza.
The Farnese family continued to rule until their extinction in 1731, at which point the duchy was inherited by the young son of the King of Spain, Charles, whose mother Elisabeth was a member of the Farnese family. He ruled until 1735 during the War of the Polish Succession, when Parma was ceded to Emperor Charles VI in exchange for the Two Sicilies.[citation needed]
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Temporary Habsburg rule[]
The Habsburgs only ruled until the conclusion of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, when it was ceded back to the Bourbons in the person of Philip of Spain, Charles's younger brother. As duke Philip, he became the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma.
In 1796, the duchy was occupied by French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte. In the Treaty of Aranjuez of 1801, duke Ferdinand formally agreed to cede the duchy to Napoleon. The territories were integrated into the Cisalpine Republic until 1802, the Italian Republic, from 1802 until 1805, and the Kingdom of Italy, from 1805 until 1808, until in 1808 the French Empire annexed them and formed out of them the Département of Taro.[citation needed]
In 1814, the duchies were restored under Napoleon's Habsburg wife, Marie Louise, who was to rule them for her lifetime. The duchy was renamed the duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla.
Return to the Bourbons[]
After Marie Louise's death in 1847, the duchy was restored to the Bourbon-Parma line, which had been ruling the tiny duchy of Lucca. As part of the return the Duchy of Guastalla was transferred to the Duchy of Modena. The Bourbons ruled until 1859, when they were driven out by a revolution following the Sardinian victory in their war against Austria.
The duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla and the duchy of Lucca joined with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the duchy of Modena to form the United Provinces of Central Italy in December 1859, and were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in March 1860. The House of Bourbon continues to claim the title of duke of Parma to this day. Carlos-Hugo (Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s) held the title from 1977 to his death. His son now claims the title.
The Dukes[]
House of Bourbon-Parma (1731–1735)[]
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
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Charles, Duke of Parma 1731–1735 |
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20 January 1716 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma |
Maria Amalia of Saxony 1738 13 children |
14 December 1788 Madrid aged 72 |
House of Bourbon-Parma (1748–1802)[]
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
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Philip, Duke of Parma 1748–1765 |
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15 March 1720 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma |
Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon 25 October 1739 3 children |
18 July 1765 Alessandria aged 45 |
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma 1765–1802 nominal since 1796 |
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20 January 1751 Parma son of Philip, Duke of Parma and Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon |
Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria 19 July 1769 7 children |
9 October 1802 Fontevivo aged 51 |
During the French ownership of the Duchy of Parma, the title of Duke of Parma was used as an honorary form and style. From 1808, the title was used by Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès. He kept the style of Duc de Parme until 1814. Only in 1847 was the actual title restored to the Bourbons, after a period of being held by Marie Louise of Austria, who was a Habsburg and the second wife of Napoleon I.
House of Bourbon-Parma (1847–1859)[]
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
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Charles II, Duke of Parma 1847–1848 |
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22 December 1799 Madrid son of Louis of Etruria and Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca |
Maria Teresa of Savoy 5 September 1820 2 children |
16 April 1883 Nice aged 84 |
Charles III, Duke of Parma 1848–1854 |
14 January 1823 Lucca son of Charles II, Duke of Parma and Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy |
Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France 10 November 1845 4 children |
27 March 1854 Parma aged 31 | |
Robert I, Duke of Parma 1854–1859 |
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9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois |
Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children |
16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 59 |
Nominal Dukes of Parma (since 1859)[]
Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
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Robert, Duke of Parma 1859–1907 titular |
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9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois |
Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children |
16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 59 |
Henry, Duke of Parma 1907–1939 titular |
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13 June 1873 Wartegg son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies |
never married | 16 November 1939 Pianore aged 66 |
Joseph, Duke of Parma 1939–1950 titular |
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30 June 1875 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies |
never married | 7 January 1950 Pianore aged 75 |
Elias, Duke of Parma 1950–1959 titular |
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23 July 1880 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies |
Maria Anna of Austria 25 May 1903 Vienna 8 children |
27 June 1959 Friedberg aged 79 |
Robert II, Duke of Parma 1959–1974 titular |
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7 August 1909 Weilburg son of Elias, Duke of Parma and Maria Anna of Austria |
never married | 25 November 1974 Vienna aged 65 |
Xavier, Duke of Parma 1974–1977 titular |
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25 May 1889 Viareggio son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Antonia of Portugal |
Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset 12 November 1927 Lignières 6 children |
7 May 1977 Zizers aged 87 |
Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma 1977–2010 titular |
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8 April 1930 Paris son of Xavier, Duke of Parma and Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset |
Princess Irene of the Netherlands 29 April 1964 Rome 4 children |
18 August 2010 Barcelona aged 80 |
Carlos, Duke of Parma since 2010 titular |
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27 January 1970 Nijmegen son of Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma and Princess Irene of the Netherlands |
Annemarie Gualthérie van Weezel 12 June 2010 Wijk bij Duurstede (civil) |
incumbent |
Family[]
- Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma, born on 27 January 1970
Princess Annemarie of Bourbon-Parma, Duchess of Parma, born on 18 December 1977- Mr. Carlos Hugo Klynstra (illegitimate), born on 20 January 1997
- Princess Luisa of Bourbon-Parma, Marchioness of Castell'Arquato, born on 9 May 2012
- Princess Cecilia of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Barceto, born on 17 October 2013
- Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma, Prince of Piacenza, born on 24 April 2016
- Princess Margarita of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Colorno, born on 13 October 1972
Mr. Tjalling ten Cate, born on 23 December 1975- Miss Julia ten Cate, born on 3 September 2008
- Miss Paola ten Cate, born on 25 February 2011
- Prince Jaime of Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi, born on 13 October 1972
Princess Viktória of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Bardi, born on 25 May 1982- Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma, born on 21 February 2014
- Princess Gloria of Bourbon-Parma, born on 9 May 2016
- Princess Carolina of Bourbon-Parma, Marchioness of Sala, born on 23 June 1974
Mr. Albert Brenninkmeijer, born on 16 May 1974- Miss Alaïa Maria Brenninkmeijer, born on 20 May 2014
- Mr. Xavier Brenninkmeijer, born on 16 December 2015
- Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma, born on 27 January 1970
- Princess Marie Françoise of Bourbon-Parma, Dowager Princess of Lobkowicz, born on 19 August 1928
- Prince Charles-Henri de Lobkowicz, born on 17 May 1964
- Princess Marie Gabrielle de Lobkowicz, born on 11 June 1967
- Princess Cecilia Maria of Bourbon-Parma, born on 12 April 1935
- Princess Marie des Neiges of Bourbon-Parma, born on 29 April 1937
- Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma, born on 22 July 1940
- Princess Tania de Bourbon-Parma, born on 13 November 1961
Line of succession[]
Robert I (1848–1907)
- Henry of Bourbon-Parma (1873–1939)
- Joseph of Bourbon-Parma (1875–1950)
- Elias of Bourbon-Parma (1880–1959)
- Robert II of Bourbon-Parma (1909–1974)
- Xavier of Bourbon-Parma (1889–1977)
- Charles IV of Bourbon-Parma (1930–2010)
- Charles V of Bourbon-Parma (born 1970)
- (1). Prince Charles of Bourbon-Parma (born 2016)
- (2). James, Count of Bardi (born 1972)
- Charles V of Bourbon-Parma (born 1970)
- (3). Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma (born 1940)
- Charles IV of Bourbon-Parma (1930–2010)
- Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma (1893–1970), m. Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
- John, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1921–2019)
- (4). Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (born 1955)
- (5). William, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg (born 1981)
- (6). Prince Charles of Luxembourg (born 2020)
- (7). Prince Felix of Luxembourg (born 1984)
- (8). Prince Liam of Nassau (born 2016)
- (9). Prince Louis of Luxembourg (born 1986)
- (10). Prince Gabriel of Nassau (born 2006)
- (11). Prince Noah of Nassau (born 2007)
- (12). Prince Sebastian of Luxembourg (born 1992)
- (5). William, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg (born 1981)
- (13). Prince John of Luxembourg (born 1957)
- (14). Prince Constantine of Nassau (born 1988)
- (15). Prince Wenceslaus of Nassau (born 1990)
- (16). Prince Charles-John of Nassau (born 1992)
- (17). Prince William of Luxembourg (born 1963)
- (18). Prince Paul-Louis of Nassau (born 1998)
- (19). Prince Leopold of Nassau (born 2000)
- (20). Prince John of Nassau (born 2004)
- (4). Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (born 1955)
- Prince Charles of Luxembourg (1927–1977)
- (21). Prince Robert of Luxembourg (born 1968)
- (22). Prince Alexander of Nassau (born 1997)
- (23). Prince Frederick of Nassau (born 2002)
- (21). Prince Robert of Luxembourg (born 1968)
- John, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1921–2019)
- Prince René of Bourbon-Parma (1894–1962)
- Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma (1922–1964)
- (24). Prince Philip of Bourbon-Parma (born 1949)
- (25). Prince Alan of Bourbon-Parma (born 1955)
- Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma (1926–2018)
- Prince Eric of Bourbon-Parma (1953-2021)
- (26). Prince Michael of Bourbon-Parma (born 1989)
- (27). Prince Henry of Bourbon-Parma (born 1991)
- (28). Prince Charles of Bourbon-Parma (born 1961)
- (29). Prince Amaury of Bourbon-Parma (born 1991)
- Prince Eric of Bourbon-Parma (1953-2021)
- Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma (1922–1964)
- Prince Louis of Bourbon-Parma (1899–1967)
- (30). Prince Rémy of Bourbon-Parma (born 1942)
- (31). Prince John of Bourbon-Parma (born 1961)
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg[]
Since 1964, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon-Parma has reigned agnatically in Luxembourg when Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, ascended to the throne upon the abdication of his mother, Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. Jean was the son of Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a younger son of Robert I of Parma, and Grand Duchess Charlotte. Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau.
In October 2000 Jean abdicated the Luxembourgian throne in favour of his eldest son, Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Succession right | Death |
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Jean 12 November 1964 – 7 October 2000 |
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5 January 1921 Colmar-Berg |
Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium 9 April 1953 5 children |
Son of Charlotte |
23 April 2019 Luxembourg City aged 98 |
Henri 7 October 2000 – Present |
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16 April 1955 Betzdorf |
María Teresa Mestre y Batista 4 February/14 February 1981 5 children |
Son of Jean | Incumbent |
See also[]
- Descendants of Louis XIV of France which includes them
- List of Dukes of Parma
- Pretenders to the throne of Parma
References[]
- ^ According to the Convention of Fontainbleau
- ^ French Royal Families. General Books. 2013. ISBN 9781230480824.
- ^ House of Farnese. General Books. 2013. ISBN 9781230551890.
- ^ "Members of the House Of Bourbon-Parma". Ranker. Retrieved 2021-07-09.
External links[]
- Official website of the House of Bourbon-Parma (in Italian and Spanish)
- Website of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma (in Italian)
- Newspaper clippings about House of Bourbon-Parma in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
- House of Bourbon-Parma
- Pretenders to the throne of Parma
- Duchy of Parma
- House of Farnese
- Italian noble families
- Lines of succession