House of Bourbon-Parma

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House of Bourbon-Parma
Parent house	House of Bourbon-Anjou (agnatic) House of Farnese (cognatic)
Country	Italy  Luxembourg  Netherlands show Former countries  Duchy of Parma Kingdom of Etruria Duchy of Lucca
Founded	18 October 1748
Founder	Philip
Current head	Prince Carlos
Final ruler	Parma: Robert I (1854–1859)
Titles	Current: Grand Duke of Luxembourg Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg Former: King of Etruria King of Northern Lusitania[1] Duke of Parma Duke of Guastalla Duke of Lucca
Deposition	Parma, 9 June 1859: Annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia

Lesser Arms of Bourbon-Parma

The House of Bourbon-Parma (Italian: Casa di Borbone di Parma) is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the French Capetian dynasty in male line. Its name of Bourbon-Parma comes from the main name (Bourbon) and the other (Parma) from the title of Duke of Parma. The title was held by the Spanish Bourbons as the founder was the great-grandson of Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma.^[2][3]

Since 1964 a cadet branch of the House has reigned as Grand Duke of Luxembourg.^[4]

Duchy of Parma[]

The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul III's illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered on the city of Parma. In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, was given the city of Piacenza, becoming thus also Duke of Piacenza, and so the state was thereafter properly known as the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza.

The Farnese family continued to rule until their extinction in 1731, at which point the duchy was inherited by the young son of the King of Spain, Charles, whose mother Elisabeth was a member of the Farnese family. He ruled until 1735 during the War of the Polish Succession, when Parma was ceded to Emperor Charles VI in exchange for the Two Sicilies.^{[citation needed]}

House of Bourbon-Parma in the 18th and 19th centuries

Temporary Habsburg rule[]

The Habsburgs only ruled until the conclusion of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, when it was ceded back to the Bourbons in the person of Philip of Spain, Charles's younger brother. As duke Philip, he became the founder of the House of Bourbon-Parma.

In 1796, the duchy was occupied by French troops under Napoleon Bonaparte. In the Treaty of Aranjuez of 1801, duke Ferdinand formally agreed to cede the duchy to Napoleon. The territories were integrated into the Cisalpine Republic until 1802, the Italian Republic, from 1802 until 1805, and the Kingdom of Italy, from 1805 until 1808, until in 1808 the French Empire annexed them and formed out of them the Département of Taro.^{[citation needed]}

In 1814, the duchies were restored under Napoleon's Habsburg wife, Marie Louise, who was to rule them for her lifetime. The duchy was renamed the duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla.

Return to the Bourbons[]

After Marie Louise's death in 1847, the duchy was restored to the Bourbon-Parma line, which had been ruling the tiny duchy of Lucca. As part of the return the Duchy of Guastalla was transferred to the Duchy of Modena. The Bourbons ruled until 1859, when they were driven out by a revolution following the Sardinian victory in their war against Austria.

The duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla and the duchy of Lucca joined with the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the duchy of Modena to form the United Provinces of Central Italy in December 1859, and were annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in March 1860. The House of Bourbon continues to claim the title of duke of Parma to this day. Carlos-Hugo (Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s) held the title from 1977 to his death. His son now claims the title.

The Dukes[]

House of Bourbon-Parma (1731–1735)[]

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Charles, Duke of Parma 1731–1735		20 January 1716 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma	Maria Amalia of Saxony 1738 13 children	14 December 1788 Madrid aged 72

House of Bourbon-Parma (1748–1802)[]

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Philip, Duke of Parma 1748–1765		15 March 1720 Madrid son of Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth of Parma	Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon 25 October 1739 3 children	18 July 1765 Alessandria aged 45
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma 1765–1802 nominal since 1796		20 January 1751 Parma son of Philip, Duke of Parma and Louise-Elisabeth de Bourbon	Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria 19 July 1769 7 children	9 October 1802 Fontevivo aged 51

During the French ownership of the Duchy of Parma, the title of Duke of Parma was used as an honorary form and style. From 1808, the title was used by Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès. He kept the style of Duc de Parme until 1814. Only in 1847 was the actual title restored to the Bourbons, after a period of being held by Marie Louise of Austria, who was a Habsburg and the second wife of Napoleon I.

House of Bourbon-Parma (1847–1859)[]

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Charles II, Duke of Parma 1847–1848		22 December 1799 Madrid son of Louis of Etruria and Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca	Maria Teresa of Savoy 5 September 1820 2 children	16 April 1883 Nice aged 84
Charles III, Duke of Parma 1848–1854		14 January 1823 Lucca son of Charles II, Duke of Parma and Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy	Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France 10 November 1845 4 children	27 March 1854 Parma aged 31
Robert I, Duke of Parma 1854–1859		9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois	Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children	16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 59

Nominal Dukes of Parma (since 1859)[]

Duke	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
Robert, Duke of Parma 1859–1907 titular		9 July 1848 Florence son of Charles III, Duke of Parma and Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois	Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies 5 April 1869 12 children Maria Antonia of Portugal 15 October 1884 12 children	16 November 1907 Viareggio aged 59
Henry, Duke of Parma 1907–1939 titular		13 June 1873 Wartegg son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	never married	16 November 1939 Pianore aged 66
Joseph, Duke of Parma 1939–1950 titular		30 June 1875 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	never married	7 January 1950 Pianore aged 75
Elias, Duke of Parma 1950–1959 titular		23 July 1880 Biarritz son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies	Maria Anna of Austria 25 May 1903 Vienna 8 children	27 June 1959 Friedberg aged 79
Robert II, Duke of Parma 1959–1974 titular		7 August 1909 Weilburg son of Elias, Duke of Parma and Maria Anna of Austria	never married	25 November 1974 Vienna aged 65
Xavier, Duke of Parma 1974–1977 titular		25 May 1889 Viareggio son of Robert I, Duke of Parma and Maria Antonia of Portugal	Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset 12 November 1927 Lignières 6 children	7 May 1977 Zizers aged 87
Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma 1977–2010 titular		8 April 1930 Paris son of Xavier, Duke of Parma and Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset	Princess Irene of the Netherlands 29 April 1964 Rome 4 children	18 August 2010 Barcelona aged 80
Carlos, Duke of Parma since 2010 titular		27 January 1970 Nijmegen son of Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma and Princess Irene of the Netherlands	Annemarie Gualthérie van Weezel 12 June 2010 Wijk bij Duurstede (civil)	incumbent

Family[]

• • Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma, born on (1970-01-27) 27 January 1970 (age 51)
    Princess Annemarie of Bourbon-Parma, Duchess of Parma, born on (1977-12-18) 18 December 1977 (age 43)
    • Mr. Carlos Hugo Klynstra (illegitimate), born on (1997-01-20) 20 January 1997 (age 24)
    • Princess Luisa of Bourbon-Parma, Marchioness of Castell'Arquato, born on (2012-05-09) 9 May 2012 (age 9)
    • Princess Cecilia of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Barceto, born on (2013-10-17) 17 October 2013 (age 7)
    • Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma, Prince of Piacenza, born on (2016-04-24) 24 April 2016 (age 5)
  • Princess Margarita of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Colorno, born on (1972-10-13) 13 October 1972 (age 48)
    Mr. Tjalling ten Cate, born on (1975-12-23) 23 December 1975 (age 45)
    • Miss Julia ten Cate, born on (2008-09-03) 3 September 2008 (age 13)
    • Miss Paola ten Cate, born on (2011-02-25) 25 February 2011 (age 10)
  • Prince Jaime of Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi, born on (1972-10-13) 13 October 1972 (age 48)
    Princess Viktória of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Bardi, born on (1982-05-25) 25 May 1982 (age 39)
    • Princess Zita of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2014-02-21) 21 February 2014 (age 7)
    • Princess Gloria of Bourbon-Parma, born on (2016-05-09) 9 May 2016 (age 5)
  • Princess Carolina of Bourbon-Parma, Marchioness of Sala, born on (1974-06-23) 23 June 1974 (age 47)
    Mr. Albert Brenninkmeijer, born on (1974-05-16) 16 May 1974 (age 47)
    • Miss Alaïa Maria Brenninkmeijer, born on (2014-05-20) 20 May 2014 (age 7)
    • Mr. Xavier Brenninkmeijer, born on (2015-12-16) 16 December 2015 (age 5)
• Princess Marie Françoise of Bourbon-Parma, Dowager Princess of Lobkowicz, born on (1928-08-19) 19 August 1928 (age 93)
  • Prince Charles-Henri de Lobkowicz, born on (1964-05-17) 17 May 1964 (age 57)
  • Princess Marie Gabrielle de Lobkowicz, born on (1967-06-11) 11 June 1967 (age 54)
• Princess Cecilia Maria of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1935-04-12) 12 April 1935 (age 86)
• Princess Marie des Neiges of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1937-04-29) 29 April 1937 (age 84)
• Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma, born on (1940-07-22) 22 July 1940 (age 81)
• Princess Tania de Bourbon-Parma, born on (1961-11-13) 13 November 1961 (age 59)

Line of succession[]

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg[]

Since 1964, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon-Parma has reigned agnatically in Luxembourg when Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, ascended to the throne upon the abdication of his mother, Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. Jean was the son of Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a younger son of Robert I of Parma, and Grand Duchess Charlotte. Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau.

In October 2000 Jean abdicated the Luxembourgian throne in favour of his eldest son, Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.

Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Succession right	Death
Jean 12 November 1964 – 7 October 2000		5 January 1921 Colmar-Berg	Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium 9 April 1953 5 children	Son of Charlotte	23 April 2019 Luxembourg City aged 98
Henri 7 October 2000 – Present		16 April 1955 Betzdorf	María Teresa Mestre y Batista 4 February/14 February 1981 5 children	Son of Jean	Incumbent

See also[]

• Descendants of Louis XIV of France which includes them
• List of Dukes of Parma
• Pretenders to the throne of Parma

References[]

External links[]

• Official website of the House of Bourbon-Parma (in Italian and Spanish)
• Website of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma (in Italian)
• Newspaper clippings about House of Bourbon-Parma in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW