House of Shishman

House of Shishman
Шишмановци
House of Shishman ; Шишмановци
Parent house	House of Komnenos; House of Assen
Country	Principality of Vidin; Principality of Karvuna; Tsardom of Tarnovo; Principality of Valona; Tsardom of Vidin;
Founded	1280
Founder	Prince Shishman of Vidin
Current head	Extinct
Final ruler	Prince Rostislav of Tarnovo
Titles	Knyaz, Tsar, Despot
Dissolution	1686
Cadet branches	Shishmanoğlu family

Family tree for the Shishman dynasty

Shishman (Bulgarian: Шишман), also Shishmanids or Shishmanovtsi (Bulgarian: Шишмановци), was a medieval Bulgarian royal dynasty of Cuman^[1] (or partial Cuman)^[2] origin.

The Shishman dynasty consecutively ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire for approximately one century, from 1323 to 1422, when it was conquered by the Ottomans. The Shishmanids were related to the earlier Asen dynasty, and according to the Ragusan historian Lukarić, also to the immediately preceding Terter dynasty.^[2] In Plamen Pavlov's view, the Shishman dynasty's founder, despot Shishman of Vidin, may have been the brother of George I, the first Bulgarian Terterid ruler, thus also coming to Bulgaria from the Kingdom of Hungary after 1241.^[2]

Members[]

Among its more notable members were:

Main branch:

despot Shishman of Vidin

Michael Shishman of Bulgaria (Michael Asen III) (b. after 1280, ruled 1323–1330)

Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria (ruled 1330–1331)

despot Belaur of Vidin (d. 1336)

Sratsimir branch:

Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria (nephew of Michael Shishman) (ruled 1331–1371)

co-emperor Michael Asen IV of Bulgaria (b. c. 1322, co-emperor 1332–1355)
Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria (b. 1324/1325, ruled 1356–1397 in Vidin)

Queen Dorothea of Bosnia
Constantine II of Bulgaria (b. early 1370s, ruled 1397–1422 in Vidin and in exile)

Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria (b. 1350/1351, ruled 1371–1395 in Tarnovo)

Patriarch Joseph II of Constantinople? (possible illegitimate son)^[3] (Patriarch of Constantinople 1416–1439)
Fruzhin (d. c. 1460)

List of monarchs[]

Principality/Tsardom of Vidin[]

Name	From	Until	Short description
Shishman	1280	1308	The founder of the dynasty.
Michael I	1308	1323	Son of prince Shishman, elected to tsar of Bulgaria and uses the name Michael III.
Belaur	1323	1337	Brother of prince Michael I.
	1337	1356	Son of prince Michael I.
Sratsimir	1356	1397	Third son of Ivan Alexander. Ruled in Vidin. Captured by the Ottomans in 1396 and imprisoned in Bursa where he was strangled.^[4]
Constantine	1397	1418	Spent most of his life in exile. Most historians do not include him in the list of the Bulgarian monarchs.

Principality of Karvuna[]

Portrait	Name	From	Until	Short description
		1300	1330	Father of tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria.
	Keratsa	1330	1340	Wife of and mother of tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria.

Tsardom of Tarnovo[]

Name	From	Until	Short description
Michael III Shishman	1323	1330	Bolyar of Vidin. Mortally wounded in the battle of Velbazhd on 28 July 1330 against the Serbs.^[5]
Ivan Stephen	1330	1331	Son of Michael III Shishman. Deposed in March 1331 and fled to Serbia.^[6] Might have died in 1373.
Ivan Alexander	1331	1371	Bolyar of Lovech. Descended of the Asen, Terter and Shishman dynasties. Second Golden Age of Bulgarian culture. Died of natural death on 17 February 1371, leaving Bulgaria divided among his sons.^[5]
Ivan Shishman	1371	1393	Fourth son of Ivan Alexander. Beheaded by the Ottomans on 3 June 1395.^[7]

Principality of Valona[]

Name	From	Until	Short description
Komnenos	1346	1363	Brother of tsar Ivan Alexander.
Alexander	1363	1368	Son of prince Komnenos.
	1368	1396	Daughter of prince Komnenos. Married with Balša II Balšić (1372–1385), Lord of Kanina and Valona, and eventually Duke of Albania.

Principality of Serres[]

Portrait	Name	From	Until	Short description
	Helena	1355	1367	Daughter of Sratsimir of Kran and Keratsa Petritsa and the sister of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria.

hideFamily tree of the Shishman Dynasty^[b]

Shishman
married to Unknown

Michael Shishman
(r. 1323–1330) married to 1. Anna Neda 2. Theodora Palaiologina

Belaur

Keratsa Petritsa, married to despot Sratsimir

1. Ivan Stephen
(r. 1330–1331)

1. Shishman

1. Michael,
married to unknown

1. Ludovik

2. Unknown

Ivan Alexander
(r. 1331–1371) married to 1. Theodora Besarab 2. Sarah-Theodora

John Komnenos Asen married to 1. Unknown 2. Anna Palaiologina

Michael
married to unknown

Helena
married to Stefan Dushan (r. 1331–1355)

Theodora

Alexander Komnenus Asen, Xenia Ivanina Komnena

Shishman

1. Michael IV Asen married to Irina Palaiologina

1. Ivan Sratsimir
(r. 1356–1396) married to Anna

1. Ivan Asen IV

1. Kera Tamara married to Constantine Murad I (r. 1362–1389)

2. Keratsa-Maria married to Andronikos IV Palaiologos (r. 1376–1379)

2. Ivan Shishman
(r. 1371–1395) married to 1. Kira Maria 2. Dragana

2. Ivan Asen V

2. Desislava

2. Vasilisa

Constantine II
(r. 1397–1422)

Dorothea married to Tvrtko I (r. 1353-1391)

Unknown daughter

John VII Palaiologos (r. 1390)

2 unknown daughters

Alexander

Fruzhin married to unknown

Keratsa

4 unknown; Patriarch Joseph II possible illegitimate son

Shishman

2 unknown

Notes[]

^ a: Only Ivan Alexander and Ivan Shishman claimed the title Emperor of all Bulgarians and Greeks.
^ a: The numbers designate which wife each child was born to.

Citations[]

^ Vásáry, István. Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365 (PDF). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83756-1.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Павлов, Пламен (2005). "Метежници и претенденти за търновската царска корона през XIV в.". Бунтари и авантюристи в средновековна България (in Bulgarian). Варна: LiterNet.
^ Павлов, Пламен (2007-06-15). "Щрихи към портрета на Вселенския патриарх Йосиф ІІ" (in Bulgarian). Nobility BG. Archived from the original on 2008-07-27. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
^ Andreev, p. 298
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Andreev, p. 263
^ Andreev, p. 267
^ Andreev, p. 286

Sources[]

Nikolov-Zikov, Petar (2012), Dinastiyata na Sracimirovci, New Bulgarian University, ISBN 978-954-535-702-2

References[]

Андреев (Andreev), Йордан (Jordan); Милчо Лалков (Milcho Lalkov) (1996). Българските ханове и царе [The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars] (in Bulgarian). В��лико Търново (Veliko Tarnovo): Абагар (Abagar). ISBN 954-427-216-X.
Ivanov, Yordan (1970). Bulgarian Antiquities from Macednia (in Bulgarian). Sofia: BAN.

External links[]

Mladjov, Ian. "Detailed List of Bulgarian Rulers" (PDF). Retrieved 14 April 2011.

[vasary-1] Vásáry, István. Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365 (PDF). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83756-1.

[pavlov-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Павлов, Пламен (2005). "Метежници и претенденти за търновската царска корона през XIV в.". Бунтари и авантюристи в средновековна България (in Bulgarian). Варна: LiterNet.

[3] Павлов, Пламен (2007-06-15). "Щрихи към портрета на Вселенския патриарх Йосиф ІІ" (in Bulgarian). Nobility BG. Archived from the original on 2008-07-27. Retrieved 2008-08-25.

[4] Andreev, p. 298

[Andreev,_p._263-5] Jump up to: ^a ^b Andreev, p. 263

[6] Andreev, p. 267

[7] Andreev, p. 286

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National libraries	Czech Republic

House of Shishman Шишмановци

Parent house	House of Komnenos House of Assen
Country	Principality of Vidin Principality of Karvuna Tsardom of Tarnovo Principality of Valona Tsardom of Vidin
Founded	1280
Founder	Prince Shishman of Vidin
Current head	Extinct
Final ruler	Prince Rostislav of Tarnovo
Titles	Knyaz, Tsar, Despot
Dissolution	1686
Cadet branches	Shishmanoğlu family