How to Be an Antiracist
![]() Front cover | |
Author | Ibram X. Kendi |
---|---|
Subject | Civil rights |
Publisher | Random House |
Publication date | August 13, 2019 |
Pages | 320 |
ISBN | 9780525509288 |
How to Be an Antiracist is a 2019 nonfiction book by American author and historian Ibram X. Kendi. The book discusses concepts of racism and Kendi's proposals for anti-racist individual actions and systemic changes.
Background[]
At the time of authorship, Ibram X. Kendi was an assistant professor of African-American History at the University of Florida.[1] He previously worked at the American University, where he founded the Antiracist Research and Policy Center.[2] He wrote a 2016 book titled Stamped from the Beginning, about the origins of racism in America.[3]
Synopsis[]
He relates his evolving concept of racism thematically, through the events of his own life over four decades, touching on observations and experiences as a child, young adult, student, and professor, from classes he has taught, via contemporary events such as the O. J. Simpson robbery case and 2000 United States presidential election, and through historical events such as the scientific proposals of polygenism in Europe in the 1600s and racial segregation in the United States. Kendi further details the manifestations of racism, such as scientific racism, colorism and their intersection with demographics including gender, class and sexuality.
Kendi comes to define racism as any policy that creates inequitable outcomes between people of different skin colors. Therefore a person is not "a racist" (noun). A policy is "racist" (adjective). Policy is made by the powerful. He examines his own internalized racism and disagrees with the prejudice plus power model of racism, which would not allow for Black racism.
Finally, he suggests models for anti-racist individual actions and systemic (i.e., policy) changes.[4][2][5]
Reception[]
In June 2020, following protests in the wake of the murder of George Floyd, sales of How to Be an Antiracist surged.[6][7] The book was listed eighth and fifth in Publishers Weekly's hardcover non-fiction list on May 30 and June 6, respectively.[8] It was listed third in USA Today's Best-Selling Books List of June 10.[6] The book topped The New York Times Bestseller List in Hardcover Nonfiction list for sales in the week ending June 6.[7] By spring 2021, it had spent 45 weeks on the list.[9]
Critical reception[]
A starred review in Publishers Weekly described Kendi's prose as "thoughtful, sincere and polished" and the book's ideas as "boldly articulated" and "historically informed", stating that the book would "spark many conversations".[4] A starred review for Kirkus Reviews found it to be "not an easy read but an essential one".[10] Black studies scholar Jeffrey C. Stewart called it the "most courageous book to date on the problem of race in the Western mind".[2] Ericka Taylor of NPR praised the book as "clear and compelling," saying that it is "accessible" and "exemplifies a commitment to clarity".[5]
In a review by The Guardian's Afua Hirsch, the author received praise for "honesty in linking his personal struggles" to the book's subject, which Hirsch described as "brilliantly simple" and "dogmatic", but criticism for personal anecdotes that seem incomplete and for a style resembling a textbook too much.[11] It was the Book of the Day in a review for The Observer in which Colin Grant found that the book "encourages self-reflection" and praised the writing style as "calm" but "insightful".[12]
In The Washington Post, Randall Kennedy praised Kendi's book for its candor, independence, and self-criticality, but also critiqued it as having major flaws—especially being internally contradictory and poorly reasoned.[13]
Andrew Sullivan criticized the book for having a character of a religious tract with overly simplistic distinctions between good and evil that cannot be falsified, and being sparse on practical suggestions.[14]
Behavior geneticist Kathryn Paige Harden argues that while "race is not a valid biological category", the book is nonetheless incorrect in stating that "there are no genetic differences between groups of people who identify as different races". Harden points to this as an example of "moral commitments to racial equality" being "on shaky ground if they depend on exact genetic sameness across human populations".[15][16] Geneticist Joseph L. Graves Jr. calls this a straw man, writing in The Lancet that Harden misses "a central point: human populations do not differ substantially in the frequencies of genetic variants that determine their complex behaviour, including intelligence and personality."[15]
References[]
- ^ "Ibram X. Kendi". University of Florida. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ a b c Stewart, Jeffrey C. (August 20, 2019). "Fighting Racism Even, and Especially, Where We Don't Realize It Exists". The New York Times. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ "Ibram X. Kendi". National Book Foundation. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ a b "How to Be an Antiracist". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ a b Taylor, Ericka (August 15, 2019). "Ibram X. Kendi Says No One Is 'Not Racist.' So What Should We Do?". NPR. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ a b VanDenburgh, Barbara (June 10, 2020). "Anti-racist book dethrones 'Hunger Games' prequel on best-seller list amid mass protests". USA Today. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ a b Egan, Elisabeth (June 11, 2020). "These Authors Are Glad You're Buying Their Books. Now Do the Work". The New York Times. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ "This Week's Bestsellers from Publishers Weekly". The Spokesman-Review. June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ "Hardcover Nonfiction Books". The New York Times. March 21, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
- ^ "How to Be an Antiracist". Kirkus Reviews. April 28, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ Hirsch, Afua (October 11, 2019). "How to Be an Antiracist by Ibram X Kendi review – a brilliantly simple argument". The Guardian. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ Grant, Colin (August 27, 2019). "How to Be an Antiracist by Ibram X Kendi – review". The Observer. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
- ^ Kennedy, Randall (August 23, 2019). "A black academic grapples with his own racism". Washington Post. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
- ^ Sullivan, Andrew (2019-11-15). "A Glimpse at the Intersectional Left's Political Endgame". Intelligencer. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
- ^ a b Graves, Joseph L (January 2022). "Does it really matter if you win or lose the genetic lottery?". The Lancet. 399 (10319): 16–17. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02830-0.
- ^ Harden, Kathryn Paige (2021). The genetic lottery: why DNA matters for social equality. Princeton, New Jersey. ISBN 978-0-691-19080-8. OCLC 1240576025.
External links[]
- 2019 non-fiction books
- Books about African-American history
- Non-fiction books about racism
- One World (imprint) books
- Racism in the United States
- Random House books