Hubat

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1832 map by John Arrowsmith illustrating Hubetta's location in the Emirate of Harar

Hubat, also known as Hobat, or Kubat was a historical Muslim state located in present-day eastern Ethiopia.[1][2] Hubat is today within a district known as Adare Qadima which includes Garamuelta and its surroundings in Oromia region.[3] The area is 30 km north west of Harar city at Hubeta, according to historian George Huntingford.[4][5] Archaeologist Timothy Insoll considers Harla town to be Hubat the capital of the now defunct Harla Kingdom.[6]

History[]

In AD 1288 Sultan Wali Asma of the Ifat Sultanate invaded Hubat following collapse of the Maḥzūmī dynasty.[7][8] Hubat was also invaded by Ethiopian Emperor Amda Seyon in the early 1300s.[9] Hubat was an Ifat protectorate in the fourteenth century and an autonomous state within Adal Sultanate in the fifteenth century.[10]

According to Mohammed Hassan Hubat was the stronghold of the Harla people and center of operations for fifteenth century Adal Emir Garad Abun Adashe.[11] A siege of Hubat took place in the early sixteenth century led by the Adal Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad against rebel leader Garad Umar din.[12]

The notable sixteenth century ruler of Adal who conquered Abyssinia, imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was born in Hubat.[13] In Ahmed ibn Ibrahim's early political career he achieved a stunning victory over an Abyssinian raiding party led by Fanuel in Hubat which gained him fame.[14] Merid Wolde Aregay states the Hubat and Harla principalities demonstrated ability to defeat Abyssinians meant it was necessary to replace Sultan Badlay's descendants.[15] Hubat would later play an important role for Ahmad ibn Ibrahim in his struggle against Adal Sultan Abu Bakr.[16]

Hubat would be invaded and settled by the Barento Oromo in the following centuries who came at loggerheads with the Adal Sultanate.[17]

References[]

  1. ^ Loimeier, Roman. Muslim Societies in Africa A Historical Anthropology. Indiana University Press. p. 184.
  2. ^ Ende, Werner. Islam in the World Today A Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society. Cornell University Press. p. 436.
  3. ^ History of Harar (PDF). Harar Tourism Bureau. p. 50.
  4. ^ Huntingford, G.W.B (1955). ARABIC INSCRIPTIONS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA. Antiquity Publications. p. 233.
  5. ^ Pankhurst, Richard. The Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century. Red Sea Press. p. 165.
  6. ^ Insoll, Timothy. "Material cosmopolitanism: the entrepot of Harlaa as an Islamic gateway to eastern Ethiopia". Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
  7. ^ Trimingham, John. Islam in Ethiopia. Oxford University Press. p. 58.
  8. ^ Cerulli, Enrico. IL SULTANATO DELLO SCIOA NEL SECOLO XIII SECONDO UN NUOVO DOCUMENTO STORICO. Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino. p. 26.
  9. ^ Tamrat, Taddesse. Church and state (PDF). University of London. p. 254.
  10. ^ Braukamper, Ulrich. Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia. Lit. p. 33.
  11. ^ Hassan, Mohammed. Oromo of Ethiopia 1500 (PDF). University of London. p. 26.
  12. ^ Lindah, Bernhard. Local history of Ethiopia (PDF). Nordic Africa Institute library. p. 5.
  13. ^ Steed, Christopher. A history of the church in Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 74.
  14. ^ Davis, Asa. THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY JIHĀD IN ETHIOPIA AND THE IMPACT ON ITS CULTURE (Part One). Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria. p. 572.
  15. ^ Aregay, Merid. Southern Ethiopia and the Christian kingdom 1508 - 1708, with special reference to the Galla migrations and their consequences. University of London. p. 126-128.
  16. ^ Shinn, David. Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Scarecrow Press. pp. 20–21.
  17. ^ Braukamper, Ulrich. A History of the Hadiyya in Southern Ethiopia:. Otto Harrassowitz. p. 149.

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