Humat ad-Diyar

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:  –  ·  ·  · scholar · JSTOR (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Ḥumāt ad-Diyār

English: 'Guardians of the Homeland'
حُمَاةَ الدِّيَارِ
National anthem of the  Syrian Arab Republic  Syrian opposition
Lyrics	Khalil Mardam Bey, 1936
Music	Mohammed Flayfel, 1936
Adopted	1938
Readopted	1961
Relinquished	1958
Audio sample
Menu 0:00 "Ḥumāt ad-Diyār" (instrumental) file help

"Ḥumāt ad-Diyār" (Arabic: حُمَاةَ الدِّيَارِ‎, lit. 'Guardians of the Homeland', Syriac: ܢܛܘܪ̈ܝ ܐܬ݂ܪܘ̈ܬ݂ܐ) is the national anthem of the Syrian Arab Republic, with lyrics written by Khalil Mardam Bey and the music by Mohammed Flayfel, who also composed the national anthem of the Iraq as well as many other Arab folk songs.

History[]

It was adopted in 1938 after a national competition was held by Hashim al-Atassi's nationalist government to choose a state anthem for the new republic two years after the Franco–Syrian Treaty of Independence was signed which gave Syria limited autonomy and future independence. The anthem was initially set to lose the competition, but it later won the competition after it gained rapid popularity amongst the Syrian populace which put pressure on the competition's committee to reconsider its decisions, and eventually the anthem won and was adopted by the government as Syria's national anthem.

It temporarily fell from use when Syria joined the United Arab Republic (UAR) with Egypt in 1958. It was decided that the national anthem of the UAR would be a combination of the then-Egyptian national anthem and "Ħumāt ad-Diyār". When Syria seceded from the union in 1961, "Humat ad-Diyar" was completely restored and has been used ever since despite the anthem's usage being disputed between the ruling Ba'ath government and the opposition prior to the start of the civil war in 2011.

Structure[]

Damascus-born Khalil Mardam Bey was the writer of the Syrian national anthem's lyrics.^[1]

The Syrian national anthem is divided into four quatrain stanzas, each containing four lines. The rhyme scheme used is an Arabic form called "Ruba'i", where each stanza has the same final rhyme in its component lines, giving the following rhyme scheme in the anthem: AAAA, BBBB, CCCC, DDDD. All of the lines in the state anthem consist each of 11 syllables, all of which have the same system of scansion, which is as follows: \ / ˘ \ / ˘ \ / ˘ \ / where \ is an intermediate stress, / is a strong stress, and ˘ is unstressed. Although for simplicity an alternative stress scheme is offered which does not recognize intermediate stresses, and that scheme is: / / ˘ / / ˘ / / ˘ / /. In either case there are 11 syllables per line, and the ruba'i rhyme scheme.

Lyrics[]

The Syrian national anthem is divided into four stanzas, each pertaining to a different and unique aspect of Syria from the remaining stanzas. Although the name of the anthem is "Guardians of the Homeland", which is a metaphor for the Syrian military, only the first stanza in fact talks about said army. The stanza breakdown is as follows: The first stanza is about Syria's army, and its role in defending the nation and in defending the citizens' integrity and Arabness. The second stanza is about Syria's scenery and terrain, where it talks about Syria's plains, mountains, and sunlit skies. The third stanza is about Syria's people, their hopes, martyrs, and flag. The fourth stanza talks about Syria's history, from its past and present to its future.

Arabic original[]