Hypocrites (1915 film)
| Hypocrites | |
|---|---|
 Newspaper advertisement | |
| Directed by | Elliot Reivers Lois Weber (uncredited)[1] |
| Written by | Lois Weber |
| Produced by | Lois Weber Phillips Smalley |
| Cinematography | Dal Clawson George W. Hill |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
Release date |
|
Running time | 49 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent |
| Budget | $18,000[2] |
| Box office | $119,000 (U.S.)[2] |
Hypocrites, also known as The Hypocrites and The Naked Truth, is a 1915 silent drama film written and directed by Lois Weber (1879–1939). The film contains several full nude scenes, and is said to include the first appearance of full frontal nudity in a non-pornographic film by an American actress (Margaret Edwards).[3] The film is regarded as anticlerical, and the nudity was justified by its religious context.[citation needed]
Plot[]
The film follows the parallel stories of an early Christian ascetic and a modern minister, with most actors in dual roles. Gabriel (Courteney Foote) is a medieval monk who devotes himself to completing a statue of “Truth,” only to be murdered by a mob when his work turns out to be an image of a naked woman. The contemporary Gabriel is the pastor of a large wealthy urban congregation for whom religion is a matter of appearances, not beliefs. The hypocrisy of the congregation is exposed by a series of vignettes in which the Naked Truth, literally portrayed by a nude Margaret Edwards, reveals their appetites for money, sex and power.
Cast[]
- Courtenay Foote as Gabriel, the Ascetic / Gabriel, a minister[1]
- Herbert Standing as The Abbot / A pillar of the church[1]
- Margaret Edwards as Truth[1]
- Myrtle Stedman as a nun / A choir singer[1]
- Adele Farrington as The Queen / An aristocrat[1]
- Dixie Carr as a Magdalen[1]
- Nigel De Brulier as a member of the choir / monk[1]
- Matty Roubert as Boy kneeling beside cradle[1]
- Charles Villiers as the Minister[4]
- Vera Lewis as Parishioner (uncredited)
Cast notes:
- Margaret Edwards was 17 years old when she was discovered by Lois Weber.[1]
Production[]
Writer-director Lois Weber attributed 's painting La Vérité, or The Truth as the inspiration for the film. During shooting, production had to be moved three times, due to the lack of a permanent studio.[1]
Edwards' scenes, in which she appeared nude, were shot on a closed set, with only Weber, who directed the scenes, Edwards and a cameraman.[1]
Dal Clawson devised special photographic techniques for the film, which was shot by George W. Hill. Sometimes six exposures were involved.[1] Hypocrites was widely admired at the time for its extraordinary use of multiple exposures and intricate editing, and propelled Weber to the front ranks of silent directors.[5] The use in the film of traveling double exposure sequences of the woman is considered impressive for 1915.
It is thought that Weber may have re-edited the film after early review were published, before its official opening on January 20, 1915 at the Longacre Theater in New York City.[1]
Reception[]
Hypocrites was a shocking and controversial film whose release was held up for many months by the difficulty of distributing a film with full nudity. Weber’s sincerity and reputation allowed her to use something that in the hands of a male director would have been considered scandalous and immoral.[5] The film was passed by the British Board of Film Censors. However, because of the full and recurring nudity through the film, it caused riots in New York City, was banned in Ohio, and was subject to censorship in Boston when the mayor demanded that the film negatives be painted over to clothe the woman.[6]
The film was re-issued in 1916.[1]
Most of the film has survived, though some scenes have suffered from some serious nitrate decomposition in places especially at the beginning and cannot be restored. A print of the film is kept in the Library of Congress.
References[]
Notes
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Hypocrites at the American Film Institute Catalog
- ^ Jump up to: a b Mahar 2008, p.96
- ^ Mahar 2008, pp.93-94
- ^ "At the Movies". The Mirror of Australia (Sydney, NSW : 1915 - 1917). Sydney, NSW: National Library of Australia. November 20, 1915. p. 18. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Kino International". Kino.com. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2014.
- ^ Lindsay, Kitty (November 6, 2014) "Forgotten Women of Film History: Lois Weber" Ms.
Bibliography
- Mahar, Karen Ward (2008). Women Filmmakers in Early Hollywood. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9084-0.
External links[]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hypocrites (1915 film). |
- 1915 films
- Silent films
- 1910s avant-garde and experimental films
- 1915 drama films
- American black-and-white films
- American drama films
- American films
- American silent feature films
- Films directed by Lois Weber
- American avant-garde and experimental films
- Nudity in film