Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic
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Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic are the aboriginal peoples who live in the Subarctic regions of the Americas, Asia and Europe, located south of the true Arctic. This region includes the interior of Alaska, the Western Subarctic or western Canadian Shield and Mackenzie River drainage area, the Eastern Subarctic or Eastern Canadian Shield, Scandinavia, Western Russia and East Asia.[1] Peoples of subarctic Siberia and Greenland are included in the subarctic; however, Greenlandic Inuit are usually classified as Indigenous peoples of the Arctic.
Languages[]
Native subarctic peoples have over 38 languages into nine major language families: Algonquian,[2] Athapaskan,[2] Indo-European, Turkic and Uralic.
Arts and cultures[]
The reindeer Tangifer tarandus (caribou in North America) and deer have traditionally played a central role in North American and Asian Subarctic culture, providing food, clothing, shelter, and tools. In North America, items such as the babiche bag are made of caribou and deer rawhide. and porcupine quill embroidery are also worked onto hides and birchbark. After introduction by Europeans and Asians, glass beads became popular and are sewn into floral designs.[1] Additionally, some cultures practiced agriculture, alongside hunting and gathering.[citation needed]
In the Sami (Lapp) culture of Scandinavia, reindeer husbandry has traditionally played an important role. Traditionally the Sami lived and worked in reindeer herding groups called siiddat, which consisted of several families and their herds. Members of the siidda helped each other with the management and husbandry of the herds.[3]
In Russia, many different indigenous peoples engage in reindeer herding, from European Russia right across to Siberia. One of the largest groups are the Nenets people, who practice nomadic herding, migrating long distances each year (up to 1,000 km annually) between their summer and winter pastures.[4] At present about 13,500 Nenets are engaged with reindeer herding.
List of peoples[]
- Na-Dene
- Athabaskan–Eyak
- Athabaskan
- Northern Athabaskan
- Ahtna
- Sahtu
- Central Cordillera
- Chipewyan
- Dakelh
- Denaʼina
- Dunneza
- Gwich'in
- Hän
- Hare
- Holikachuk
- Koyukon
- Sekani
- Slavey
- Tanana
- Tlicho
- Tsilhqot'in
- Northern Tutchone
- Southern Tutchone
- Upper Kuskokwim
- Yellowknives
- Northern Athabaskan
- Athabaskan
- Tlingit, United States (Alaska) and Canada (British Columbia and Yukon)
- Athabaskan–Eyak
- Algic
- Turkic
- Kipchak
- Kipchak–Bulgar
- Bashkir, Russia (Bashkortostan)
- Tatars
- Volga Tatars, Russia (Tatarstan)
- Kipchak–Bulgar
- Oghur
- Siberian Turkic
- Northern Turkic
- Yakuts, Russia (Sakha Republic)
- Northern Turkic
- Kipchak
- Uralic
- Baltic Finn
- Izhorians, Russia
- Karelian, Finland (South Karelia and North Karelia) and Russia (Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast)
- Veps, Russia
- Votes, Russia
- Permian
- Komi, Russia (Komi Republic and Perm Krai)
- Udmurt, Russia (Udmurtia)
- Sámi
- Ugrians
- Khanty, Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug)
- Mansi, Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug)
- Volga Finn
- Baltic Finn
See also[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Dogrib_tipis.jpg/220px-Dogrib_tipis.jpg)
- Aboriginal peoples in Canada
- Alaska Natives
- Caribou
- Circumpolar peoples
- Hudson's Bay Company
- Subarctic climate
- Alaska Native Storytelling
- Sápmi
Notes[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Native Art." The Canadian Encyclopedia. (retrieved 29 Dec 2010)
- ^ Jump up to: a b Corbett, Steve. "Native Peoples of the Subarctic." Archived 2011-05-29 at the Wayback Machine Johnson County Community College. (retrieved 21 Nov 2010)
- ^ "Sámi - Norway". Reindeerherding.org. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
- ^ "Nenets". Reindeerherding.org. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
- Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic
- Indigenous peoples of North America
- Indigenous peoples of Europe
- Indigenous peoples of Asia