Indonesian military ranks

The Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) uses a simplified ranking system for the three branches of Indonesian Army, Indonesian Navy and Indonesian Air Force. Most of the ranks are similar with differences for the rank titles of the high-ranking officers. Exception exists, however, in the ranks of the service members of the Indonesian Marine Corps. While Indonesian Marine Corps is a branch of the Navy, the rank titles of the Marine Corps are the same as those of the Army, but it still uses the Navy's style insignia (for lower-ranking enlisted men, blue are replacing the red colour).

As said above, all services maintain the same rank insignia and title, with the main difference for officers are that high-ranking officers use their special titles, while officers below that rank use the similar title but followed by their respective branch/corps abbreviation. For example, an Army colonel with Infantry branch use the title "Kolonel INF.", which "INF" means "Infanteri" or "Infantry"; A Navy colonel with Supply Corps background use the title "Kolonel Laut (S)", in which "S" means "Suplai" or "Supply". Also, an Air Force Colonel with Electronical Engineering Corps background use the title "Kolonel (Lek)", in which "Lek" means "Elektronika" or "Electronics". There are no differences with enlisted personnel's title for Army and Air Force, but the Navy still use the personnel's branch/corps abbreviation behind the title.^[1]

High-ranking officers use stars as their insignia, middle-rank officers use jasmine buds and lower-rank officer use bars. High-rank NCOs use wavy bars, NCOs use yellow chevrons, high-rank enlisted men use red chevrons (blue for Navy and Marine Corps) and lower-rank enlisted men use red bars (blue for Navy and Marine Corps).

Rank title[]

Ranks before 1957[]

The following ranks were used at the beginning of the establishment of the Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR, People's Security Armed Forces) in late 1945, the basis of the present day Indonesian National Armed Forces. This first rank system, with insignia following the former Imperial Japanese practice, was used until 1957.^[2]

The TKR's Ground, Air and Naval Forces, later the Indonesian Army, Air Force, and Navy, used these ranks. (The same Army ranks were also used by the nascent Indonesian Marine Corps.)

Rank category	Ranks of the TKR Ground Forces (until 1948), Ranks of the Indonesian Army (1949–57) Ranks of the Indonesian Marine Corps (formerly Corps Mariniers 1945-1948 and later Navy Commando Corps 1948-57)	Ranks of the TKR Naval Forces (until 1948), Ranks of the Indonesian Navy (1949–57)	Ranks of the TKR Air Force (until 1948), Ranks of the Indonesian Air Force (1949–57)
Generals, flag officers, air admirals	Djenderal (General)	Laksamana I (Admiral)	Laksamana Udara (Air Admiral)
	Letnan Djenderal (Lieutenant General)	Laksamana II (Vice Admiral)	Laksamana Muda Udara (Air Vice Admiral)
	Djenderal Major (Major General)	Laksamana III (Rear Admiral)	Komodor Udara (Air Commodore)
Senior officers	Kolonel (Colonel)	Kolonel Laut (Captain)	Komodor Muda Udara (Group Captain)
	Letnan Kolonel (Lieutenant Colonel)	Letnan Kolonel Laut (Commander)	Opsir Udara I (Wing Commander)
	Major (Major)	Major Laut (Lieutenant commander)	Opsir Udara II (Squadron Leader)
Junior officers	Kapten (Captain)	Kapten Laut (Lieutenant)	Opsir Udara III (Flight Lieutenant)
	Letnan I (First Lieutenant)	Letnan Laut (Sub-lieutenant)	Opsir Muda Udara I (Flying Officer)
	Letnan II (Second Lieutenant)	Letnan Muda Laut (Ensign)	Opsir Muda Udara II (Pilot Officer)
Non-commissioned officers	Letnan Muda, Pembantu Letnan (Warrant Officer)	Adjudan (Adjutant)	Opsir Muda Udara III (Warrant Officer, Master Aircrew)
	Sersan Major (Sergeant Major)	Sersan Major (Chief petty officer)	Sersan Major (Sergeant Major)
	Sersan (Sergeant)	Sersan (Petty Officer)	Sersan (Sergeant)
Enlisted men, ratings	Kopral (Corporal)	Kopral (Leading Seaman)	Kopral (Corporal)
	Pradjurit I (Private First Class)	Kelasi I (Able Seaman)	Pradjurit I (Airman First Class)
	Pradjurit II (Private)	Kelasi II (Seaman)	Pradjurit II (Airman)

Note: Previous spelling used until 1973 was utilised.

Ranks between 1957–73[]

The rank system was updated by yet another Government Regulation on 22 June 1957.^[3] The Army received the Brigadier General rank, the Navy flag officer ranks were replaced by new ones (Admiral, Vice Admiral, Rear Admiral and Commodore replacing Admiral 1st Class, Admiral 2nd Class and Admiral 3rd Class) and the Air Force flag officer ranks replaced to be similar with Navy (with special title "Udara"). The ranks remained Army-style in the Army and Navy and army-style ranks were formally introduced into the air force. NCOs and Enlisted ranks and ratings became different per service branch. Although the government regulation did not specifically mention rank to be used in Naval Commando Corps, the rank system of Army is beginning to be used in Naval Commando Corps (Marine Corps today)

Note: Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System used

Rank Category	Indonesian Army, Naval Commando Corps	Indonesian Navy	Indonesian Air Force
Generals, flag officers, air marshals	Jenderal (General)	Laksamana (Admiral)	Laksamana Udara (Air Admiral)
	Letnan Jenderal (Lieutenant General)	Laksamana Madya (Vice Admiral)	Laksamana Madya Udara (Air Vice Admiral)
	Jenderal Mayor (Major General)	Laksamana Muda (Rear Admiral)	Laksamana Muda Udara (Air Rear Admiral)
	Brigadir Jenderal (Brigadier General)	Komodor (Commodore)	Komodor Udara (Air Commodore)
Field officers	Kolonel (Colonel)	Kolonel Laut (Captain)	Kolonel Udara (Colonel)
	Letnan Kolonel (Lieutenant Colonel)	Letnan Kolonel Laut (Commander)	Letnan Kolonel Udara (Lieutenant Colonel)
	Mayor (Major)	Mayor (Lieutenant Commander)	Mayor Udara (Major)
Junior grade officers	Kapten (Captain)	Kapten (Lieutenant)	Kapten Udara (Captain)
	Letnan I (First Lieutenant)	Letnan (Lieutenant junior grade)	Letnan Udara I (First Lieutenant)
	Letnan II (Second Lieutenant)	Letnan Muda (Ensign)	Letnan Udara II (Second Lieutenant)
Warrant officers and non-commissioned personnel	Pembantu Letnan I (Chief Warrant Officer)	Pembantu Letnan (Warrant Officer)	Letnan Muda Udara I (Warrant Officer First Class)
	Pembantu Letnan Calon Perwira (Warrant Officer First Class)	Pembantu Letnan (Warrant Officer)	Letnan Muda Udara I (Warrant Officer First Class)
	Pembantu Letnan II (Warrant Officer Second Class)	Ajudan (Adjutant)	Letnan Muda Udara II (Warrant Officer Second Class)
	Sersan Major (Sergeant Major)	Sersan Major I (Master Chief Petty Officer)	Sersan Major Udara (Sergeant Major)
	Sersan Major (Sergeant Major)	Sersan Mayor II (Senior Chief Petty Officer)	Sersan Major Udara (Sergeant Major)
	Sersan Kepala (Staff Sergeant)	Sersan I (Chief Petty Officer)	Sersan Udara I (Flight Sergeant)
	Sersan I (Sergeant First Class)	Sersan I (Chief Petty Officer)	Sersan Udara I (Flight Sergeant)
	Sersan II (Sergeant)	Sersan II (Petty Officer First Class)	Sersan Udara II (Sergeant)
Enlisted personnel, ratings	Kopral Kepala (Master Corporal)	Kopral (Petty Officer Second Class)	Kopral Udara I (Corporal)
	Kopral I (Corporal)		Kopral Udara I (Corporal)
	Kopral II (Lance Corporal)		Kopral Udara II (Lance Corporal)
	Prajurit Kader (Specialist)	Kelasi I (Seaman)	Prajurit Udara I (Airman First Class)
	Prajurit I (Private First Class)	Kelasi I (Seaman)	Prajurit Udara I (Airman First Class)
	Prajurit II (Private)	Kelasi II (Seaman Apprentice)	Prajurit Udara II (Airman)
	Prajurit II (Private)	Kelasi III (Seaman Recruit)	Prajurit Udara II (Airman)

Changes between 1973–90[]

Government Regulation No. 24/ 1973,^[4] updated the rank system once again, the changes were as follows:

Perwira Tinggi (PATI) (General Officers, Flag Officers, and Air Officers)
- Ranks of General, Lieutenant General, Major General, Brigadier General are used in the Army, the Naval Commando Corps (Marine Corps today), and the Police.
- Ranks of Admiral, Vice Admiral, and Rear Admiral are to be maintained in the Navy and the rank of Commodore (lit. 'First Admiral') reintroduced
- Air Chief Marshal, Air Marshal, Air Vice Marshal, and Air Commodore are to be used in the Air Force
Perwira Menengah (PAMEN) (Field Officers), used same rank system in all branches of armed forces.
Perwira Pertama (PAMA) (Subaltern Officers), used same rank system in all branches of armed forces.
Bintara Tinggi (BATI) (Warrant Officers), used same Army rank system in all branches of armed forces.
Bintara (NCOs), used same rank system in all branches of armed forces.
Tamtama (Higher Enlisted Rank or Corporal), used Navy and Air Force rank system in all branches of the armed forces.
Tamtama (Lower Enlisted Rank or Privates)
- Private is used in the Army, the Naval Commando Corps (Marine Corps today), and the Air Force (equivalent to Airman)
- Seaman is used in the Navy
- Agent is used in the Police (later restricted to the Mobile Brigade and Water Police, all policemen in the other branches would later start directly as Sergeants)

Changes between 1990–97[]

During this period, there are minor changes of rank system in all branch of the armed forces, which are removal of rank of senior warrant officer and new enlisted ranks introduced (Master Corporal and Petty Officer 1st Class and Master Private, Seaman and Senior Airman). Those changes are based on Government Regulation No.6/ 1990.^[5]

Changes between 1997–2010[]

Government Regulation No. 32/ 1997 regarding the rank system of armed forces^[6] was issued. The primary difference with previous regulation are new five-star honorary rank for all branches of the armed forces was introduced and warrant officers rank was re-introduced.

In 2000, with the Indonesian National Police having regained its independence from the armed forces, the TNI rank system ceased to be used.

Current ranks 2010–present[]

Five-star honorary rank for all branches of the armed forces are no longer regulated on the latest regulation.^[1]

The ranks and rank insignia used today come from the Armed Forces rank regulations of 1990 and 1997, themselves revisions of the first rank regulations published in 1973 to use the current system. All three branches have the same rank titles at the same paygrades, except for the Perwira Tinggi (General Officers, Flag Officers, and Air Officers) and the Tamtama (Lower Rank Enlisted) of the Navy and Air Force.

Rank insignia[]

All branches of the armed forces maintain the same rank insignia, with minor color difference in insignia background. Since, all services have at least three type of uniform (Service dress uniform (Pakaian Dinas Harian / PDH), Full dress uniform (Pakaian Dinas Upacara}} / PDU), and Field uniform (Pakaian Dinas Lapangan / PDL)), there are three different insignia style corresponding to type of uniform. Aside from type of the uniform above, The Navy has uniform for wear in oversea service, officially known as Black Navy. When wearing such uniform, officers wear their ranks as gold stripes on their lower sleeves. The number and width of the stripes for each rank is similar to that of the United States Navy.

The rank insignia for same services are also differentiated by red piping (command) or no piping (staff) at the sides of the boards.

Note: Indonesia is not a member of NATO, so there is no official equivalence between the Indonesian military ranks and those defined by NATO. The displayed parallel is approximate and for illustration purposes only.

Commissioned officers[]

The following are the rank insignia for commissioned officers for the army, navy and air force respectively.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Rank group	General/flag officers					Field/senior officers			Junior officers			Officer cadet
Indonesian Army^[10] v t
Indonesian Army^[10] v t	Jenderal besar	Jenderal	Letnan jenderal	Mayor jenderal	Brigadir jenderal	Kolonel	Letnan kolonel	Mayor	Kapten	Letnan satu	Letnan dua
Army rank insginia on PDU
Army rank insginia on PDL
Indonesian Navy^[10] v t
Indonesian Navy^[10] v t	Laksamana besar	Laksamana	Laksamana madya	Laksamana muda	Laksamana pertama	Kolonel	Letnan kolonel	Mayor	Kapten	Letnan satu	Letnan dua
Navy rank insginia on PDU
Navy rank insginia on PDL
Navy sleeve rank on Black Navy uniform	No insignia
Indonesian Air Force^[10] v t
Indonesian Air Force^[10] v t	Marsekal besar	Marsekal	Marsekal madya	Marsekal muda	Marsekal pertama	Kolonel	Letnan kolonel	Mayor	Kapten	Letnan satu	Letnan dua
Air Force rank insginia on PDU
Air Force rank insginia on PDL
Rank group	General/flag officers					Field/senior officers			Junior officers			Officer cadet

Enlisted[]

The rank insignia for enlisted personnel for the army, navy and air force respectively.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Rank group	Senior NCOs						Junior NCOs			Enlisted
Indonesian Army^[10] v t
Indonesian Army^[10] v t	Pembantu letnan satu warrant officer 1st class	Pembantu letnan dua warrant officer 2nd class	Sersan mayor Sergeant Major	Sersan kepala Master Sergeant	Sersan satu Staff Sergeant	Sersan dua Sergeant	Kopral kepala Master Corporal	Kopral satu Corporal first class	Kopral dua Corporal	Prajurit kepala Master Private	Prajurit satu Private First Class	Prajurit dua Private
Army rank insginia on PDU
Army rank insginia on PDL
Indonesian Navy^[10] v t
Indonesian Navy^[10] v t	Pembantu letnan satu	Pembantu letnan dua	Sersan mayor	Sersan kepala	Sersan satu	Sersan dua	Kopral kepala	Kopral satu	Kopral dua	Kelasi kepala	Kelasi satu	Kelasi dua
Navy rank insginia on PDU
Navy rank insginia on PDL
Indonesian Air Force^[10] v t
Indonesian Air Force^[10] v t	Pembantu letnan satu	Pembantu letnan dua	Sersan mayor	Sersan kepala	Sersan satu	Sersan dua	Kopral kepala	Kopral satu	Kopral dua	Prajurit kepala	Prajurit satu	Prajurit dua
Air Force rank insginia for PDU
Air Force rank insginia on PDL
Rank group	Senior NCOs						Junior NCOs			Enlisted

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 39 Tahun 2010 Tentang Administrasi Prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia" [Government Regulation No 39 Year 2010 Regarding Administration of Armed Forces Personnel]. No. 39 of 2010 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Government of Indonesia.
^ Peraturan Pemerintah No.21 Tahun 1949 Tentang Gaji Militer. Lampiran A.
^ Peraturan Pemerintah No.24 Tahun 1957 Tentang Peraturan Pangkat-pangkat Militer dalam Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia. Lampiran A. Lembaran Negara Tahun 1957 Nomor. 65.
^ Peraturan Pemerintah No.24 Tahun 1973 Tentang Kepangkatan Militer/Polisi Dalam Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah No 24 Tahun 1973.
^ "Peraturan Pemerintah No.6 Tahun 1990 Tentang Administrasi Prajurit Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia". Government Regulation No. 6 of 1990 (in Indonesian).
^ "Peraturan Pemerintah No.32 Tahun 1997 Tentang Administrasi Prajurit Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia". Government Regulation No. 32 of 1997 (in Indonesian).
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Pangkat Harian". tni.mil.id. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Pangkat Upacara". tni.mil.id. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Pangkat Lapangan". tni.mil.id. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Pangkat Harian". tni.mil.id (in Indonesian). Indonesian National Armed Forces. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.

External links[]

(in Indonesian) military rank at official sites of Tentara Nasional Indonesia
(in Indonesian) military rank insignia at official sites of Indonesian Air Force

[pangkat-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 39 Tahun 2010 Tentang Administrasi Prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia" [Government Regulation No 39 Year 2010 Regarding Administration of Armed Forces Personnel]. No. 39 of 2010 (PDF) (in Indonesian). Government of Indonesia.

[2] Peraturan Pemerintah No.21 Tahun 1949 Tentang Gaji Militer. Lampiran A.

[3] Peraturan Pemerintah No.24 Tahun 1957 Tentang Peraturan Pangkat-pangkat Militer dalam Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia. Lampiran A. Lembaran Negara Tahun 1957 Nomor. 65.

[4] Peraturan Pemerintah No.24 Tahun 1973 Tentang Kepangkatan Militer/Polisi Dalam Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah No 24 Tahun 1973.

[5] "Peraturan Pemerintah No.6 Tahun 1990 Tentang Administrasi Prajurit Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia". Government Regulation No. 6 of 1990 (in Indonesian).

[6] "Peraturan Pemerintah No.32 Tahun 1997 Tentang Administrasi Prajurit Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia". Government Regulation No. 32 of 1997 (in Indonesian).

[pdh-7] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Pangkat Harian". tni.mil.id. Retrieved 14 May 2020.

[pdu-8] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Pangkat Upacara". tni.mil.id. Retrieved 14 May 2020.

[pdl-9] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Pangkat Lapangan". tni.mil.id. Retrieved 14 May 2020.

[Indonesia-10] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Pangkat Harian". tni.mil.id (in Indonesian). Indonesian National Armed Forces. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.

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