Inferior phrenic arteries

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Inferior phrenic arteries
Gray531.png
The abdominal aorta and its branches
(inferior phrenic arteries labeled at upper right)
Gray1121.png
Posterior abdominal wall, after removal of the peritoneum, showing kidneys, suprarenal capsules, and great vessels
Details
SourceAbdominal aorta
BranchesSuperior suprarenal artery
VeinInferior phrenic vein
SuppliesThoracic diaphragm
Identifiers
LatinArteriae phrenicae inferiores
TA98A12.2.12.002
TA24206
FMA14734
Anatomical terminology

The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels which supply the diaphragm.[1][2] They present much variety in their origin.[1][2]

Structure[]

Origin[]

The inferior phrenic arteries usually arise between T12 and L2 vertebrae.[3] They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery.[1][2] Sometimes one is derived from the aorta, and the other from one of the renal arteries; they rarely arise as separate vessels from the aorta.[1][2]

Branches[]

They diverge from one another across the crura of the diaphragm, and then run obliquely upward and lateralward upon its under surface.

  • The left phrenic passes behind the esophagus, and runs forward on the left side of the esophageal hiatus.
  • The right phrenic passes behind the inferior vena cava, and along the right side of the foramen which transmits that vein. Near the back part of the central tendon each vessel divides into a medial and a lateral branch.
  • The medial branch curves forward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries.
  • The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus.

Function[]

The inferior phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm.[1][2] Each of the smaller vessels give off superior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland of its own side. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively.

References[]

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 612 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ^ a b c d e Akhilandeswari, B.; Ranganath, Priya (2013-06-01). "Variations in the source of origin of inferior phrenic artery: a cadaveric study". Journal of the Anatomical Society of India. 62 (1): 6–9. doi:10.1016/S0003-2778(13)80004-4. ISSN 0003-2778.
  2. ^ a b c d e Loukas, Marios; Hullett, Joel; Wagner, Teresa (2005). "Clinical anatomy of the inferior phrenic artery". Clinical Anatomy. 18 (5): 357–365. doi:10.1002/ca.20112. ISSN 1098-2353. PMID 15971218. S2CID 21224204.
  3. ^ Hiwatashi, Akio; Yoshida, Kisaku (September 2003). "The origin of right inferior phrenic artery on multidetector row helical CT". Clinical Imaging. 27 (5): 298–303. doi:10.1016/s0899-7071(02)00553-3. ISSN 0899-7071. PMID 12932678.

External links[]

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