Infinity mirror
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Infinity_Mirror.png/170px-Infinity_Mirror.png)
The infinity mirror (also sometimes called an infinite mirror) is a configuration of two or more parallel or nearly parallel mirrors, creating a series of smaller and smaller reflections that appear to recede to infinity.[1][2] Often the front mirror of an infinity mirror is half-silvered (a so-called one way mirror), but this is not required to produce the effect. A similar appearance in artworks has been called the Droste effect. Infinity mirrors are sometimes used as room accents or in works of art.[3]
Description[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Infinity_Mirror_Effect.jpg/220px-Infinity_Mirror_Effect.jpg)
In a classic self-contained infinity mirror, a set of light bulbs, LEDs, or other point-source lights are placed around the periphery of a fully reflective mirror, and a second, partially reflective "one-way mirror" is placed a short distance in front of it, in a parallel alignment. When an outside observer looks into the surface of the partially reflective mirror, the lights appear to recede into infinity, creating the appearance of a tunnel of great depth that is lined with lights.[2]
If the mirrors are not precisely parallel but instead are canted at a slight angle, the "visual tunnel" will be perceived to be curved off to one side, as it recedes into infinity.
Alternatively, this effect can also be seen when an observer stands between two parallel fully reflective mirrors, as in some dressing rooms, some elevators, or a house of mirrors.[1] A weaker version of this effect can be seen by standing between any two parallel reflective surfaces, such as the glass walls of a small entry lobby into some buildings. The partially-reflective glass produces this sensation, diluted by the visual noise of the views through the glass into the surrounding environment.
Explanation of effect[]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Venus_in_Mirrors.jpg/220px-Venus_in_Mirrors.jpg)
The 3D illusion mirror effect is produced whenever there are two parallel reflective surfaces which can bounce a beam of light back and forth an indefinite (theoretically infinite) number of times. The reflections appear to recede into the distance because the light actually is traversing the distance it appears to be traveling.
For example, in a two-centimeter-thick infinity mirror, with the light sources halfway between, light from the source initially travels one centimeter. The first reflection travels one centimeter to the rear mirror and then two centimeters to, and through the front mirror, a total of three centimeters. The second reflection travels two centimeters from front mirror to back mirror, and again two centimeters from the back mirror to, and through the front mirror, totaling four centimeters, plus the first reflection (three centimeters) making the second reflection seven centimeters away from the front mirror. Each successive reflection adds four more centimeters to the total (the third reflection appears 11 centimeters deep, fourth 15 centimeters deep, and so on).[1][4]
Each additional reflection adds length to the path the light must travel before exiting the mirror and reaching the viewer. Each reflection and the additional distance traveled by the light reduces the brightness of the image, which also fades into the distance.
Cultural references[]
Visual artists, especially contemporary sculptors, have made use of infinity mirrors. Yayoi Kusama, Josiah McElheny, Ivan Navarro, Taylor Davis, and Anthony James[5] have all produced works that use the infinity mirror to expand the sensation of unlimited space in their artworks.
Some amusement park dark rides, such as Disney's "Space Mountain" roller coaster, use infinity mirrors to create the impression of flying through space.[citation needed]
The contemporary classical composer Arvo Pärt wrote his 1978 composition Spiegel im Spiegel ("mirror in the mirror") as a musical reflection on the infinity mirror effect.
The cover photograph of the album No Pussyfooting (Robert Fripp and Brian Eno) shows a room with four walls made of mirrors. In that photograph, both Robert Fripp and Brian Eno are reflected a multiple times.
Bally's pinball machine "Xenon" uses the Infinity mirror effect on its backbox.
Star Wars: The Last Jedi includes a short cave scene segment with an infinity mirror-like effect.
See also[]
- Corner reflector – Retroreflector with three orthogonal, intersecting flat surfaces
- Kaleidoscope
- Mirror image
- Optical cavity
- Recursion § In art
- Droste effect – Recursive visual effect
- Video feedback – Loop delay that occurs when a video camera is pointed at its own playback video monitor
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Gbur, Gregory J. (July 30, 2011). "Infinity is weird… even in infinity mirrors!". Skulls in the Stars: The intersection of physics, optics, history and pulp fiction. Retrieved 2015-06-04.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Finio, Ben. "Arduino-controlled RGB LED Infinity Mirror". Instructables. Autodesk, Inc. Retrieved 2015-06-04.
- ^ Grimes, William (December 1, 2013). "Lights, Mirrors, Instagram! #ArtSensation". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-06-04.
- ^ "Look Into Infinity". Exploratorium Snacks. Exploratorium. Retrieved 2015-06-04.
- ^ "Five Highlights from SOFA 2018". American Craft Council.
External links[]
Media related to Infinity mirror at Wikimedia Commons
- Mirrors
- Novelty items
- Optical illusions
- Infinity
- Optical toys
- Light art