Ivor Browne

Ivor Browne is an Irish retired psychiatrist, author, former Chief Psychiatrist of the Eastern Health Board, and Professor emeritus of psychiatry at University College Dublin.^[1] He is best known for his pioneering work on trauma as being at the root cause of many psychiatric diagnoses, as well as his early use of the therapeutic use of psychedelics. He is also known for his opposition to traditional psychiatry, and his scepticism about psychiatric drugs.^[2]

Work on trauma[]

In his book Ivor Browne, the Psychiatrist: Music and Madness^[3], he speaks of the concept of trauma stored in the body as 'the frozen present', unprocessed emotions, a concept he had originally published decades before.^[4]

At the time, his work received very little attention from the psychiatric profession, however his work paved the way for the later work of Dr Gabor Mate^[5] and Dr Bessel Van der Kolk on trauma.^[6]

Ivor’s idea of trauma of "the frozen present" becomes a key part to understanding how he looks at psychiatric and psychotherapeutic work.^{[citation needed]}

In an article published in the Network Ireland magazine, Ivor explains his attitude to trauma.

Once that shut down (through a traumatic experience) happens, then that experience is frozen. So it is not a case of a threatening memory being repressed, it is that it has never gotten in properly. Once it is frozen it is outside of time, so twenty years later this can be activate - some everyday event can trigger it – and you then experience it as if it is happening now. You don’t think about it and remember it - you feel it and experience it. And of course at that point you think you are going nuts because you look around and nothing traumatic is happening, yet you experience this traumatic feeling. That is why I called it “the frozen present”, because when it comes, it comes through as the present, not as the past. Eventually when it works its way through and you experience it a few times then it moves into the past.

"The best example is grief" Ivor says, "if you have lost someone you have to do a lot of work over time in order to integrate that to allow it to become a memory. Then it becomes less threatening. When my wife died five years ago, the first year was absolute hell, and I couldn’t imagine feeling any joy. The second year was bad, but not quite as bad as the first. Now after five years I am quite contented. I have a different life.’ By processing the trauma, it has shifted into memory, but this approach is not possible in the current psychiatric model."^[7]

His work influenced on trauma influenced, and was influenced by, the work of Dr Stan Grof.^[8] In 1985, Ivor published an article in the Irish Journal of Psychiatry, entitled "Psychological Trauma, or Unexperienced Experience" which at the time receive no citations. Stan Grof believed in the importance of Ivor Browne's work,^{[citation needed]} and republished the article in Revision magazine in 1990.^[9]

Early life and education[]

Ivor Browne was born in 1929 to a middle-class family from Sandycove, Dublin. He said that he was a dreamy, often miserable child.^[10] He attended secondary school at Blackrock College, where he discovered jazz music, and began playing the trumpet. After Blackrock College, he went to a secretarial school, and gained admission to the Royal College of Surgeons. He said that his intention was to become a jazz musician and that he only took up medicine to please his parents. During his time in the college of surgeons, he had several bouts of tuberculosis, which diverted him from being a musician.^[10]

Career[]

In 1955, he became a qualified doctor. According to Browne, his professor of medicine in the Richmond Hospital told him that: "You're only fit to be an obstetrician or a psychiatrist." He had little interest in general medicine, and decided to become a psychiatrist. He started his internship in a neurosurgical unit, where he assisted a surgeon.^[10] He said of his work there:

Nearly every Saturday morning one or two patients would be sent down from Grangegorman to have their brains 'chopped'... this was the major lobotomy procedure... where burr holes were drilled on each side of the temples and a blunt instrument inserted to sever the frontal lobes almost completely from the rest of the brain.^[10]

Browne went on to work both in the UK and in the US; He was awarded a scholarship to study public and community mental health in Harvard.^[11] After returning to Ireland, he became the fifth Medical Superintendent of Grangegorman Mental Hospital (St. Brendan's) in 1966^[12] and he was made Professor of psychiatry at University College Dublin and Chief Psychiatrist of the Eastern Health Board.^[1] He only retired from St Brendan's Hospital in the mid 1990s.^[13][14]

Attitude to drugs[]

Browne experimented with LSD as a means to encourage regression experiences both in his personal life and professionally.^[15][16] He has campaigned against what he sees as an overuse of medications in modern psychiatry. He said:

When someone is depressed, [doctors] assume that this is caused by a disturbance in your biochemistry, which must be related to some sort of genetic thing in your personality. What I would want to know is what has happened in that person's past and their present that is disturbing their biochemistry and making them depressed? Our behaviour has an immediate and far-reaching effect on our chemical balance, but that question's not asked. Even as you and I are sitting here discussing this, there are all sorts of changes happening in your neurochemistry and in your body – so it's highly dynamic.^[2]

He has used psychiatric medications with his patients, but he says that he uses a fraction of the drugs prescribed by modern psychiatrists.^[2]

Notable patients[]

Colm Tóibín, award-winning author and friend of Browne's late wife, June Levine, attended a group therapy session with Browne in St. Brendan's Hospital, Grangegorman.^[17] Tóibín says that: "He's just a good doctor, a kind man who would get up in the middle of the night for people. There's an aura off him which is almost holy."^[1]

Phyllis Hamilton was a patient of Dr. Browne in St. Loman's hospital.^[10] Later, she conceived two children with Fr. Michael Cleary while she was living as his housekeeper.^[18] When the story broke after Cleary's death in 1993, Dr. Browne came out in support of Phyllis Hamilton and her children after the Catholic church denied that they were Cleary's family.^[1][18][19] He was denounced by the Church for being antagonistic towards it.^[18] In 1997, Professor Browne was censured by the Medical Council of Ireland for publicly confirming Hamilton's story. The council accepted that he had acted in the best interests of his patient, but found that he had gone beyond what was ethically permissible. Phyllis Hamilton said that she believed that he had acted properly when disclosing information about her relationship with Michael Cleary.^[20]

Community work[]

Browne set up the Irish Foundation for Human Development, and started the first community association in Ireland in Ballyfermot, which worked to try to turn it into a thriving community.^[11]

References[]

Bibliography[]

• Ivor Browne, Music and Madness (Cork, Cork University Press, 2010).