Jamaah Ansharut Daulah

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid.

Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD, literally Helpers of the State Congregation) is an Indonesian terrorist group that has been reported to be linked to the 2018 Surabaya bombings[1] as well as the 2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings.[2][3][4] The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has been reported as claiming responsibility for both attacks.[5][6] The group had been identified by the United States Department of State as a terrorist organization in 2017.[7] It's banned by Iraq[8] and Indonesia.[9] It is also listed terrorist organization by United Nations Security Council on 4 March 2020.[10]

History[]

History of JAD still unclear, due to secretive nature of the group. However, several glimpses of its history had been known.

2005: As Part of Lamongan branch of the Islamic Defenders Front[]

See also: Islamic Defenders Front § Organization

Islamic Defenders Front (FPI), at its existence, renowned for having loose coordination despite its complexity of their structure and rank. Although the networks penetrate into district and sub-district levels, they are loosely coordinated, and often there are cases of fragmentation. Among many of its branches, there was a branch renowned for its extremism, FPI Lamongan branch (FPI Lamongan), which has been linked with Dr. Azahari and Noordin M. Top, both Malaysian terrorist kingpin.

Zainal Anshori, then National Leader of JAD, was head of FPI Lamongan of 2005 - 2008 period. He was appointed by Muhammad Rizieq Shihab himself to lead FPI Lamongan. Prior the appointment, he was renowned as Islamic activist that moved independently to commit sweepings with his group, against undesirables and un-Islamic elements. Since then, FPI Lamongan actively committed sweepings . However, all changed when the branch involved with Jamaah Islamiyah, and subsequent contact with Aman Abdurrahman [id], an Islamic militant, as well as with the death of Dr. Azahari and Noordin M. Top. Start from there FPI Lamongan shifted away to Islamic extremism.[11] Affected with Islamic extremism ideology, FPI Lamongan used extreme approach of imposing the Islamic doctrine of amr ma'ruf nahy munkar (enjoining good and forbidding wrong). They also often to use excessive force. On 10 August 2008, Muhammad Rizieq Shihab personally warned FPI Lamongan, following a brutal attack against an alcohol seller during a sweeping.[12] Due to its extreme way and acts, FPI Lamongan was disavowed by central leadership of FPI on request of East Java Regional FPI around 2010. Despite that, the sympathizers remain exist, and in 2013 the sympathizers of the disavowed branch clashed with Lamongan locals in a clash.[13][14]

In his confession made 9 February 2021, Zainal Anshori stated that the seed of what will be JAD had come into being during this period. The element that subsequently evolved into JAD was integrated during his leadership of FPI Lamongan on 2005.[15] What happened to this element after FPI Lamongan being disavowed is unclear.

2014 - 2018: Becoming JAD and Active as Organization[]

Aman Abdurrahman was recaptured by law enforcement for his involvement on training JAT terrorists in Jantho (Aceh) in 2010 and assisting escape of Dulmatin. Soon after announcement of formation of ISIL by Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi, he pledged his allegiance to him in June 2014 during his incarceration at Kembang Kuning Detention House, Nusakambangan Island. He later drafted a concept of organization that will support ISIS in Indonesia. Sometime later Zainal Anshori and Marwan visited him. On November 2014, JAD formed followed a majlis ta'lim in Batu.[16] In that majlis ta'lim, Aman Abdurrahman become the Spiritual Leader of the group, Marwan become the National Emir, Zainal Anshori become the Emir of East Java, others have each specific posts established.[17]

During its time as organization, JAD actively participated in various terrorism acts, notably 2016 Jakarta attacks, 2016 Samarinda church bombing, 2017 Jakarta bombings, 2018 Mako Brimob standoff, and 2018 Surabaya bombings.

2018 - Present: Actions after Disbandment[]

On 21 June 2018, Joko Widodo signed Law No. 5 of 2018, as amendment of Law No. 15 of 2003 (Law on Anti-Terrorism Acts). The law granted much sweeping powers for law enforcement to capture terrorists and suspected terrorists.[18] With the new law, even membership of announced terrorist organization enough to capture its member.[19]

On 31 July 2018, a South Jakarta court made a ruling. The ruling, known as South Jakarta District Court Ruling No. 809/Pid.Sus/2018/PN JKT.SEL outlawed the organization, allowing the arrest of all its members and organizers.[20][21]

Even after disbandment, JAD still active clandestinely. After the disbandment, 2019 Medan suicide bombing, 2020 South Daha attack, and 2021 Makassar cathedral bombing happened. Aside the attacks, Two members of the JAD were believed to have conducted the knife assault on security minister Wiranto on 10 October 2019, which resulted in Wiranto being hospitalized. Three other people, including a policeman, were stabbed and injured.[22]

It is still difficult to weed out JAD members, due to each cell of JAD are autonomous and do not have commanding figures and chain of command. Even each cell may not know each other. Due to being autonomus and have widespread presence across the country, the multiple attacks by JAD cells may happened in nearly same time, or even triggering domino effect which triggered with one act of one cell may happened.[23][24]

Key people[]

  • Aman Abdurrahman: conceptor and spiritual leader, currently incarcerated.
  • Marwan (nom de guerre: Abu Musa): national leader/Emir of JAD in 2014. Reported to go to Syria several weeks after become the Emir.
  • Zainal Anshori: Emir of JAD East Java and subsequent national leader/Emir of JAD from 2014 until its disbandment. Currently incarcerated.
  • Saiful Munthohir (nom de guerre: Abu Gar): Emir of JAD Ambon and head of Ashkary Paramilitary Division, armed wing of JAD. Currently incarcerated.

References[]

  1. ^ Wilkinson, Bard (14 May 2018). "Terror group JAD linked to Indonesia family suicide attacks". CNN. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  2. ^ Ahmad Syamsudin; Jeoffrey Maitem (23 July 2019). "Indonesian Police: Couple Carried Out Deadly Philippine Church Bombing". Benar News. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  3. ^ "Indonesian couple with ties to JAD behind Jolo church attack: Police". The Jakarta Post. 24 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  4. ^ G. C. Tan (22 August 2019). "Terror duo used Sabah as transit point". The Star. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  5. ^ "Islamic State group claims deadly Indonesia church attacks". France 24. 13 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  6. ^ "ISIS claims responsibility for deadly bombings at church in the Philippines". CBS News. 27 January 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  7. ^ "US names Jamaah Ansharut Daulah as terrorist organization". The Jakarta Post. 11 January 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
  8. ^ "بالوثائق: العراق يدرج 5 كيانات على لائحة الارهاب بطلب من مجلس الامن". baghdadtoday.news.
  9. ^ "New Indonesia Terrorism Raid Nets Islamic State-Linked Suspects". thediplomat.com. Associated Press.
  10. ^ United Nations Security Council (2020-03-04). "Jamaah Ansharut Daulah | United Nations Security Council". www.un.org. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  11. ^ Hadirin, Kharis (28 January 2021). "Zainal Anshori: Dari Ketua FPI Lamongan, FAKSI hingga Amir JAD –". RuangObrol. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  12. ^ Sumandoyo, Arby (12 August 2013). "Di Lamongan tak ada FPI, sudah 2 tahun dibekukan". merdeka.com. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  13. ^ Faisal, Achmad (12 August 2013). "FPI Jatim: FPI Lamongan Sudah Tidak Ada". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  14. ^ Supriyanto, Agus (13 August 2013). "Tidak Diakui FPI, Ini Kata Simpatisan FPI Lamongan". Tempo. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  15. ^ Tim (9 February 2021). "Zainal Anshori Sebut JAD Jadi Sayap FPI Lamongan, Munarman Membantah". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  16. ^ Renaldi, Adi (31 May 2018). "Kisah di Balik JAD, Kelompok Teror Paling Mematikan Saat Ini". www.vice.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  17. ^ Anindya, Chaula Rininta (4 September 2018). "Apakah JAD dapat bubar setelah resmi dilarang oleh pengadilan?". The Conversation. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  18. ^ BBC (25 May 2018). "DPR sahkan revisi UU Terorisme, Perppu tak lagi diperlukan". BBC News Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  19. ^ Ridhoi, M. Ahsan. "Konsekuensi Serius Pembubaran JAD untuk Para Anggotanya". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  20. ^ Kahfi, Kharishar (31 July 2018). "Court ruling gives authorities justification to arrest more JAD members". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  21. ^ Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia (31 July 2018). "Tuntutan Jaksa Dikabulkan, Jamaah Anshor[sic] Daulah (JAD) Dinyatakan Organisasi Terlarang". Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
  22. ^ "'IS radical' stabs Indonesian security minister". BBC. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  23. ^ Arnaz, farouk (13 October 2019). "Teroris Gaya Baru JAD: Spontan, Instan, dan Random". beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  24. ^ CNN Indonesia (1 April 2021). "Bahaya Efek Domino Serangan di Mabes Polri". nasional (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 April 2021.
Retrieved from ""