Joan Mitchell

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the painter. For the singer, see Joni Mitchell. For the computer scientist and inventor, see Joan L. Mitchell.
Joan Mitchell
Joan Mitchell in her Vétheuil studio, 1983.jpg
Born(1925-02-12)February 12, 1925
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedOctober 30, 1992(1992-10-30) (aged 67)
American Hospital of Paris
Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
NationalityAmerican
EducationSmith College
Columbia University
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
Known forPainting
Printmaking
Pastel
Works on Paper
MovementAbstract expressionism
New York School (art)

Joan Mitchell (February 12, 1925 – October 30, 1992) was an American painter and printmaker who also worked in pastel and made other works on paper. She was an active participant in the 1950s in the New York School of artists. A native of Chicago, she is associated with the American abstract expressionist movement, even though she lived in France for much of her career.[1] Mitchell was one of her era's few female painters to gain critical and public acclaim.[2] Her paintings, drawings, and editioned prints can be seen in major museums and collections around the world.[3]

Early life and education[]

Mitchell was born in Chicago, Illinois, the daughter of dermatologist James Herbert Mitchell and poet Marion Strobel Mitchell.[4] She enjoyed diving and skating growing up, and her art would later reflect this athleticism; one gallery owner commented that Mitchell "approached painting almost like a competitive sport".[5] Mitchell frequently attended Saturday art classes at the Art Institute and eventually would spend her summers of later adolescence in a Chicago Art Institute run art colony, Ox-Bow. She lived on Chestnut Street in the Streeterville neighborhood and attended high school at Francis W. Parker School in the Lincoln Park neighborhood. She was close to her Parker classmate Edward Gorey and remained friends with him in later years, although neither cared for the other's work.[6]

Mitchell studied at Smith College in Massachusetts and The Art Institute of Chicago,[7] where she earned her BFA in 1947 and her MFA in 1950.[8] After moving to Manhattan in 1947, she wanted to study at Hans Hofmann's school in New York but, according to curator Jane Livingston, Mitchell attended only one class and declared, "I couldn't understand a word he said so I left, terrified."[9] A $2,000 travel fellowship allowed her to study in Paris and Provence in 1948–49,[10] and she also traveled in Spain and Italy. During this period, her work became increasingly abstract.[11]

Mitchell married American publisher Barney Rosset in September 1949 in Le Lavandou, France.[12] Rosset was a Chicago-born American entrepreneur who acquired, at Mitchell's urging, the publishing house Grove Press, perhaps best known as the American publisher of the novel Tropic of Cancer by Henry Miller. The couple returned to New York later that year.[12]

Early career (New York)[]

In the 1950s, Mitchell was active in the New York School of artists and poets, and was associated with the American Abstract expressionist movement,[13] although she personally abhorred aesthetic labels.[14] Beginning in 1950, she had a studio on 11th Street, and later 9th Street.[12] She became part of the downtown scene, spending time at the Cedar Bar and participating in discussions at the Artists' Club.[15]

Mitchell maintained a robust creative discourse with fellow New York School painters Philip Guston, Franz Kline, and Willem de Kooning, whose work she greatly admired. As Katy Siegel wrote in Joan Mitchell (SFMOMA, Yale University Books, 2021), "She went to their studios and shows, and they came to hers; she had dinner and drinks with them, in company and alone, talking painting materials and great art."[16] Along with Lee Krasner, Grace Hartigan, Helen Frankenthaler, Shirley Jaffe, Elaine de Kooning, and Sonia Gechtoff, Mitchell was one of the few female artists in her era to gain critical acclaim and recognition.[17]

In 1951, Mitchell's work was exhibited in the landmark "Ninth Street Show," organized by art dealer Leo Castelli and by members of the Artists' Club; the show also included work by Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, and Hans Hofmann.[2] Joan Mitchell carried her large abstract painting across town with the help of Castelli.[18] Her friends Franz Kline and Willem de Kooning thought her work was excellent and put the painting in good place in the exhibition.[4]

In 1952, Mitchell had her first solo exhibition in New York at the New Gallery.[9] Mitchell and Rosset divorced in the same year.[1]

Although she remained active in the burgeoning art scene of 1950s New York, by the mid-1950s Mitchell was spending increasing amounts of time traveling and working in France.[19] She continued to exhibit regularly in New York, with numerous solo exhibitions at the Stable Gallery throughout the 1950s-1960s.[20]

In 1955, while in Paris, Mitchell met Canadian painter Jean-Paul Riopelle, with whom she would have a long, rich, and tumultuous relationship (from 1955 to 1979).[21] They maintained separate homes and studios, but had dinner and drank together nearly daily.[4]

In October 1957, the first major feature on Mitchell's work appeared in ARTnews.[14] In the article, entitled "Mitchell Paints a Picture," art critic Irving Sandler wrote, "Those feelings which she strives to express she defines as 'the qualities which differentiate a line of poetry from a line of prose.' However, emotion must have an outside reference, and nature furnishes the external substance in her work."[14]

Style and influences[]

Joan Mitchell, Rock Bottom (1960-1961) (39374429024).jpg
Joan Mitchell, Rock Bottom (1960-1961) (39374429024)

Although her painting style evolved over the years, Mitchell remained committed to abstraction from the early 1950s until her final works in 1992. Grounded in years of visiting the Art Institute of Chicago as a child to look at nineteenth-century painting, Mitchell cited Paul Cézanne, Wassily Kandinsky, Henri Matisse, and Vincent van Gogh as influences on her work.[1] Her paintings are expansive, often covering multiple panels. Memories and the feelings she associated with remembered landscapes provided the primary source material for her work. Mitchell told critic Irving Sandler, “I carry my landscapes around with me.”[14]

Mitchell painted primarily with oil paints on primed canvas or white ground, using gestural, sometimes violent brushwork. She has described a painting as "an organism that turns in space."[22]

According to art historian Linda Nochlin, the "meaning and emotional intensity [of Mitchell's pictures] are produced structurally, as it were, by a whole series of oppositions: dense versus transparent strokes; gridded structure versus more chaotic, ad hoc construction; weight on the bottom of the canvas versus weight at the top; light versus dark; choppy versus continuous strokes; harmonious and clashing juxtapositions of hue – all are potent signs of meaning and feeling."[23]

Mitchell said that she wanted her paintings "to convey the feeling of the dying sunflower" and "some of them come out like young girls, very coy ... they're very human."[22] Mitchell was very influenced by her feelings and incorporated them into her artwork. She even compared these feelings that influenced her paintings to poetry.[24]

Mid-career (France)[]

By 1959, Mitchell was living full-time in France and painting in a studio on the rue Fremicourt in the 15th arrondissement of Paris.[25] During this time, her paintings appeared in a string of high-profile international exhibitions, including the Osaka exhibition International Art of a New Era: Informel and Gutai; the 29th Venice Biennale; the V Bienal do Museo de Arte Moderna, São Paulo; and Documenta II in Kassel.[26] Along with regular solo exhibitions at the Stable Gallery and group exhibitions at other venues in New York, she began exhibiting in Paris with Galerie Jean Fournier (known as Galerie Kléber until 1963).[20] Fournier would remain Mitchell's Paris dealer for more than three decades.

In 1961, Mitchell's work was featured in the mid-career survey, Joan Mitchell: Paintings 1951–1961, at the Mr. and Mrs. John Russell Mitchell Gallery, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.[27]

Also in the early 1960s, Mitchell had solo exhibitions in Paris with Galerie Neufville (1960) and Galerie Lawrence (1962).[20] She had additional solo exhibitions in Italy (Galleria Dell'Ariete, Milan, 1960) and Switzerland (Klipstein und Kornfeld, Bern, 1962).[20] Throughout the 1960s, Mitchell's work was included in the Salon de Mai and the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles in Paris, as well as numerous group exhibitions held at France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Japan, The Netherlands, and other international venues.[20]

During the period between 1960 and 1964, Mitchell moved away from the all-over style and bright colors of her earlier compositions, instead using sombre hues and dense central masses of color to express something inchoate and primordial. The marks on these works were said to be extraordinary: "The paint flung and squeezed on to the canvases, spilling and spluttering across their surfaces and smeared on with the artist's fingers."[28] The artist herself referred to the work created in this period of the early 1960s as "very violent and angry," but by 1964 she was "trying to get out of a violent phase and into something else."[29]

In 1967, Mitchell inherited enough money following the death of her mother to purchase a two-acre estate in the town of Vétheuil, near Giverny, Claude Monet's home. She lived and worked there for the remainder of her life.[30] Mitchell frequently invited artist friends from New York to come on creative retreats to Vétheuil. Painter Joyce Pensato recalled, "She wanted to give to young people. Carl [Plansky] and I called it the Fresh Air Fund...The first time she invited me for the summer, it ended up being March to September. I got brainwashed for six months, and that’s how I found out who I am."[31]

In 1968, Mitchell began exhibiting with Martha Jackson Gallery in New York; she continued to exhibit with the gallery into the 1970s.[20]

In 1972, Mitchell staged her first major museum exhibition, entitled My Five Years in the Country, at the Everson Museum of Art in Syracuse, New York.[32] The exhibition, especially Mitchell's "Sunflower" paintings from the late 1960s-early 1970s, received critical acclaim.[33] Writing for The New York Times, Peter Schjeldahl predicted that Mitchell would ultimately be recognized "as one of the best American painters not only of the fifties, but of the sixties and seventies as well." He continued, "This claim will not, I think, seem large to anyone lucky enough to have viewed the recent massive and almost awesomely beautiful Mitchell exhibition—49 paintings, some of them huge, done during the five years the artist has been living in France—at the Everson Museum in Syracuse."[34] The exhibition traveled to Martha Jackson Gallery in New York following the Everson Museum presentation.[20]

Mitchell's work was the subject of a mid-career retrospective exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1974.[20]

In 1976, Mitchell began exhibiting regularly with New York gallerist Xavier Fourcade, who was her New York dealer until his death in 1987.

Later years and death (France)[]

No Birds (1987/88).

In 1982, Mitchell became the first female American artist to have a solo exhibition at the Musee d'art moderne de la Ville de Paris.

In 1984, Mitchell was diagnosed with advanced oral cancer and a mandibulectomy (removal of the jaw) was advised. In October, she obtained a second opinion from Jean-Pierre Bataini, a pioneer in radiation oncology with the Curie Institute, whose therapy was successful, but left Mitchell with a dead jawbone (osteonecrosis), along with anxiety and depression. She had quit smoking on doctor's orders, but remained a heavy drinker.[4]

In Paris, Mitchell had a circle of artist friends, such as the composer Gisèle Barreau and painters such as Kate Van Houten, Claude Bauret Allard, Michaële-Andréa Schatt, Monique Frydman, Mâkhi Xenakis, Shirley Jaffe, Zuka, and Katy Crowe.[4] In November 1984, Mitchell commenced sessions with Parisian psychoanalyst Christiane Rousseaux-Mosettig in the Bastille area. There she met and became friends with the American artist Sara Holt and her husband, artist Jean-Max Albert. She wrote: “Kids… I really love your plural work and natch both of you. So nice liking the work and the artist too — it’s rather rare I have found… I’m very very happy… ”.[4]

After 1985, Mitchell's post-cancer paintings reflect the psychological changes cancer had effected: six Between paintings, Faded Air I, Faded Air II, the A Few Days cycle, the Before, Again cycle and the Then, Last Time group of four.[4]:382–383 Also, in the final years of her life Mitchell returned to the subject of sunflowers with renewed focus.[35] In Sunflowers, 1990–91, she chose to paint the flowers in a state of decay, wanting the work to “convey the feeling of a dying sunflower.”[36]

Mitchell developed osteoarthritis as a result of hip dysplasia. She underwent hip replacement surgery at Hôpital Cochin in December 1985, but with little success. During her subsequent recuperation at a clinic in Louveciennes, she started watercolor painting. Her postoperative difficulties necessitated using an easel and working on a smaller format. Her River cycle is emblematic of this period.[4]

Mitchell was a great admirer of Henri Matisse, especially the vividness of his color and vivacity of his line, once claiming that, "If I could paint like Matisse, I'd be in heaven."[37] Mitchell's New York dealer, Xavier Fourcade, had been diagnosed with AIDS and, in 1986, travelled to France to undergo treatment. Fourcade and Mitchell visited Lille in December to view an exhibition of works by Matisse from the State Hermitage Museum, Leningrad. The trip resulted in the Lille cycle of paintings, followed, after Xavier Fourcade's death on April 28, 1987, by the Chord paintings. The River, Lille and Chord paintings were exhibited at Galerie Jean Fournier, Paris between June 10 and July 13, 1987.[38]

In 1988, Mitchell's work was showcased in a major retrospective exhibition, which she referred to as being "art-historized live."[4] Entitled The Paintings of Joan Mitchell: Thirty-six Years of Natural Expressionism, the exhibition toured the United States in 1988 and 1989, with stops at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC; the San Francisco Museum of Art; the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York; the La Jolla Museum of Contemporary Art, La Jolla, California; and the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Mitchell's first solo show at Robert Miller Gallery (of nine paintings) ran from October 25 to November 25, 1989.[38][39] Her second Robert Miller Gallery solo ran from March 26 to April 20, 1991.[38] It proved to be very popular, and featured paintings described by John Russell of The New York Times as "self-portraits by someone who has staked everything on autonomous marks that are peculiar to herself".[40]

Mitchell's first solo museum exhibition of drawings, Joan Mitchell: Pastel, opened at the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, in March 1992.[20]

In October 1992, Mitchell flew to New York for a Matisse exhibition[41] at the Museum of Modern Art. Upon her arrival, she was taken to a doctor, who diagnosed advanced lung cancer.[42] She returned to Paris on October 22, returning to Vétheuil briefly before entering hospital in Paris, where friends like John Cheim and Joseph Strick visited her.[42]

Joan Mitchell died on the morning of October 30, 1992 at the American Hospital of Paris.

Legacy[]

Joan Mitchell Foundation[]

Joan Mitchell Foundation Logo gray.png

In her will, Mitchell provided for the creation of a foundation that would "aid and assist painters and sculptors," while stewarding her legacy. Established in New York in 1993 as a not-for-profit corporation, the Joan Mitchell Foundation awards grants and fellowships to U.S.-based painters, sculptors, and artist collectives; among the more than 1,000 U.S.-based artists who have received grants from the Foundation are Nicole Eisenman (1994), Glenn Ligon (1996), Troy Brauntuch (1999), Karen Kilimnik (1999), Sarah Morris (2001), Nyame Brown (2003), Mark Dion (2005), Lilian Garcia-Roig (2006), Akio Takamori,[43] Julie L. Green (2011),[44] Amanda Ross-Ho (2013),[45] Ann Purcell (2014),[46] Michi Meko (2017),[47] and Elisabeth Condon (2018). The Foundation's Creating a Living Legacy (CALL) initiative provides artists with free resources and instruction in the areas of career documentation, inventory management, and legacy planning.[48]

The Joan Mitchell Foundation sponsors an Artist-in-Residence program at the Joan Mitchell Center in New Orleans, Louisiana, which opened in 2015 at 2275 Bayou Road in the Seventh Ward.[49] Past residency participants include Laylah Ali, Firelei Báez, Heather Hart, Maren Hassinger, Laura Kina, Demond Melancon, Carrie Moyer, Brandan "Bmike" Odums, Shani Peters, Alison Saar, Amy Sherald, Cullen Washington, Jr., Carl Joe Williams, and Mel Ziegler.[50]

In addition, the Foundation’s mission includes the promotion and preservation of Mitchell's legacy. The Foundation collects and preserves materials that illuminate Joan Mitchell’s life, work, and legacy, making them available to students and scholars and aiding in their research. The Foundation manages a collection of Mitchell's artwork, her papers (including correspondence and photographs), and other archival materials related to her life and work.[51] In 2015, the Foundation established the Joan Mitchell Catalogue Raisonné project, which is researching Mitchell’s paintings for the eventual publication of a catalogue raisonné.[52]

Select Collections[]

Joan Mitchell's work is part of many public collections including: the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; The Museum of Modern Art, New York; Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection, Albany, New York;[53] Art Institute of Chicago; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis;[54] Albright–Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo; Currier Museum of Art, Manchester, New Hampshire; Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas;[55] Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.; Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.; Seattle Art Museum;[56] Tate Gallery, London; Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain, Paris; Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris; Ulster Museum, Belfast, Northern Ireland; and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.[57]

Select Legacy Exhibitions[]

A retrospective survey, The Paintings of Joan Mitchell, opened at the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, in 2002. The exhibition traveled to Birmingham Museum of Art, Alabama (2003); the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Texas (2003-2004); and The Des Moines Art Center, Iowa (2004).[57] On the eve of the exhibition's opening in 2002, friend and art writer Klaus Kertess wrote in the New York Times: "A passionate inner vision guided Joan's brush. Like her peer Cy Twombly, she extended the vocabulary of her Abstract Expressionist forebears. She imbued their painterliness with a compositional and chromatic bravery that defiantly alarms us into grasping their beauty."[58]

In 2015, Kunsthaus Bregenz, Austria, organized Joan Mitchell Retrospective: Her Life and Paintings, which traveled to Museum Ludwig, Cologne, Germany (2015-2016).[59]

In September 2021, a comprehensive retrospective, Joan Mitchell, will open at San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (September 4, 2021–January 17, 2022) then travel to Baltimore Museum of Art (March 6–August 14, 2022) and Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris (Fall 2022).[60]

Summary of Awards[1][]

  • 1947: Art Institute of Chicago, James Nelson Raymond Foreign Traveling Fellowship
  • 1961: Premio Lissone (Lissone Prize), Milan
  • 1971: Miami University (Oxford, Ohio), Honorary Doctorate
  • 1973: Brandeis University, Creative Arts Awards; Citation in Painting
  • 1987: School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Honorary Doctorate
  • 1989: French Ministry of Culture, Award for Painting
  • 1991: Le Grand Prix des Arts (Peinture) de la Ville de Paris

Art Market[]

Untitled (1960) sold at auction for $11.9 million in 2014, a record for a female artist.

Already during her lifetime, Mitchell was rewarded with a considerable degree of commercial success. Between 1960 and 1962, Mitchell earned over $30,000 in art sales, a considerable figure for a woman painter at that time.[61]

At the time of her death in 1992, Mitchell was represented by Robert Miller Gallery in New York and Galerie Jean Fournier in Paris. Both galleries continued to present exhibitions of her work throughout the 1990s.[20] In 2002, Cheim & Read in New York assumed gallery representation for the Joan Mitchell Foundation; the gallery presented numerous solo exhibitions of Mitchell's work from 2002 until 2018, when the Foundation shifted representation to David Zwirner.[62] In 2019, Mitchell's multi-panel works were the subject of a solo exhibition at David Zwirner New York, entitled Joan Mitchell: I carry my landscapes around with me.[63]

Auctions[]

In 2007, the Art Institute of Chicago sold Ste. Hilaire, 1957[19] at Christie's New York for $3.8 million.[64] In 2012, a record of €5.2 million ($7 million) — then the second-highest price achieved by a female artist at auction — was set at Christie's Paris for an untitled 1971 painting.[64] That year, Mitchell's canvases were the two most expensive works by any woman artist sold at auction, according to auction database Artnet.[55] Works by Mitchell fetched $239.8 million in sales from 1985 through 2013, according to figures compiled by Bloomberg.[65]

At Christie's New York in 2014, Mitchell's untitled 1960 abstract painting sold for $11.9 million, surpassing the high estimate and setting an auction record for the artist. The result also established a new record for an artwork by any female artist at auction, formerly held by Berthe Morisot's Apres le dejeuner (1881).[66][67][68] This price in turn was exceeded by the $44.4 million achieved by the 1932 painting Jimson Weed/White Flower No 1 by Georgia O'Keeffe on 20 November 2014.[69] In June 2018, nine of Mitchell's paintings were expected to sell for more than $70 million at the world's largest modern art fair, Art Basel.[5] In May 2021, it was reported that Mitchell’s painting 12 Hawks at 3 O’Clock (ca. 1962) sold for a record $20 million at Art Basel Hong Kong.[70]

Auction Record[]

In May 2018, Christie's set an auction record for the artists work Blueberry, sold for a $16.6million [71]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Joan Mitchell. Sarah Rehm Roberts, Katy Siegel, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Baltimore Museum of Art. San Francisco. 2020. ISBN 978-0-300-24727-5. OCLC 1198094217.CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Birmingham Museum of Art (2010). Birmingham Museum of Art: A Guide to the Collection. London: Giles. p. 243. ISBN 978-1-904832-77-5. Archived from the original on 2011-09-10. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
  3. ^ "Exhibitions & Public Collections". Joan Mitchell Foundation. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Albers, Patricia (2011). Joan Mitchell: Lady Painter. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9780375414374.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b "She's About to Be the Belle of Basel, Decades After Her Death". Bloomberg.com. 2018-06-08. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
  6. ^ Dery, Mark (2019). Born to be Posthumous: The Eccentric Life and Mysterious Genius of Edward Gorey. New York: Little, Brown, and Company. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-316-18854-8.
  7. ^ Joan Mitchell, Leaving America, text by Helen Molesworth ISBN 978-3-86521-490-4
  8. ^ Joan Mitchell Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Livingston, Jane (2002). The Paintings of Joan Mitchell. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. pp. 21. ISBN 0-520-23568-1.
  10. ^ Joan Mitchell: A Painter Under the Influences Los Angeles Times, April 26, 1994.
  11. ^ Joan Mitchell. Sarah Rehm Roberts, Katy Siegel, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Baltimore Museum of Art. San Francisco. 2020. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-300-24727-5. OCLC 1198094217.CS1 maint: others (link)
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Joan Mitchell: An Illustrated Biography". Joan Mitchell Foundation. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  13. ^ Livingston, Jane; Mitchell, Joan; Nochlin, Linda; Lee, Yvette Y; Whitney Museum of American Art (2002-01-01). The paintings of Joan Mitchell. New York; Berkeley, CA: Whitney Museum; University of California Press.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Sandler, Irving (October 1957). "Mitchell paints a picture". ARTnews. 56 (6): 44–47, 67–70. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  15. ^ "Joan Mitchell: An Illustrated Biography". Joan Mitchell Foundation. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  16. ^ Joan Mitchell. Sarah Rehm Roberts, Katy Siegel, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Baltimore Museum of Art. San Francisco. 2020. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-300-24727-5. OCLC 1198094217.CS1 maint: others (link)
  17. ^ Gabriel, Mary (2019). Ninth street women : Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning, Grace Hartigan, Joan Mitchell, and Helen Frankenthaler : five painters and the movement that changed modern art (1st Back Bay paperback ed.). New York. ISBN 978-0-316-22617-2. OCLC 1124485876.
  18. ^ "The exhibition that pushed NYC to the art world's centre | Art | Agenda". Phaidon. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b Joan Mitchell, Ste. Hilaire (1957) Christie's Post War and Contemporary Art Evening Sale, 13 November 2007, New York.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "Joan Mitchell's CV". Joan Mitchell Foundation. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  21. ^ Jean Paul Riopelle: The Artist's Materials, Marie-Claude Corbeil, Kate Helwig, Jennifer Poulin, Getty Publications, December 20, 2011
  22. ^ Jump up to: a b "Joan Mitchell", with Cora Cohen and Betsy Sussler, Bomb magazine, 17/Fall 1986. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
  23. ^ Nochlin, Linda (2002). "Joan Mitchell: A Rage to Paint". In Livingston, Jane (ed.). The Paintings of Joan Mitchell. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art. pp. 55. ISBN 0520235703.
  24. ^ Ashton, Dore (Fall 2008). "The Lyrical Principle: On Joan Mitchell". Essay: 17 – via Academic Search Premier.
  25. ^ exhibit-e.com. "Joan Mitchell - Exhibitions - Cheim Read". www.cheimread.com. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
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  27. ^ "Joan Mitchell's CV". Joan Mitchell Foundation. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  28. ^ Steidl Publication, Fall Winter 07 08, page 161, excerpt from Leaving America, ISBN 978-3-86521-490-4
  29. ^ Nochlin, Linda (2002). "Joan Mitchell: A Rage to Paint". In Livingston, Jane (ed.). The Paintings of Joan Mitchell. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art. pp. 49. ISBN 0520235703.
  30. ^ Suzanne Muchnic (June 12, 2011), Book Review: 'Joan Mitchell: Lady Painter' by Patricia Albers Los Angeles Times.
  31. ^ Joyce Pensato, "To a Sunflower," in Joan Mitchell. Sarah Rehm Roberts, Katy Siegel, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Baltimore Museum of Art. San Francisco. 2020. p. 326. ISBN 978-0-300-24727-5. OCLC 1198094217.
  32. ^ Peter Schjeldahl(April 30, 1972). "Joan Mitchell:To Obscurity and Back" New York Times
  33. ^ Hoberman, Mara (2021). Joan Mitchell. Sarah Rehm Roberts, Katy Siegel, eds. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Baltimore Museum of Art. San Francisco. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-300-24727-5. OCLC 1198094217.
  34. ^ Schjeldahl, Peter (1972-04-30). "Art". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  35. ^ David Pagel (November 19, 2010), Art Review: 'Joan Mitchell/The Last Decade' at Gagosian Gallery Los Angeles Times.
  36. ^ "Joan Mitchell Becomes the Sunflower". The New York Sun. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
  37. ^ Joan Mitchell, Aires Pour Marion (1975–76) Christie's New York, Post-War & Contemporary Evening Sale, 13 May 2014.
  38. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Bio". Joan Mitchell Foundation. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  39. ^ Brenson, Michael (November 3, 1989). "Review/Art; An Art of Motion: Joan Mitchell's Abstract Expressionism". The New York Times. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  40. ^ Russell, John (April 12, 1991). "Paintings That Liberate the Viewer's Imagination". The New York Times. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  41. ^ Kimmelman, Michael (September 20, 1992). "The Many Moods Of Henri Matisse". The New York Times. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
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  43. ^ Foundation, Joan Mitchell. "Joan Mitchell Foundation » Artist Programs » Artist Grants". joanmitchellfoundation.org. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
  44. ^ Foundation, Joan Mitchell. "Joan Mitchell Foundation » Artist Programs » Artist Grants". joanmitchellfoundation.org. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
  45. ^ Painters and Sculptors Grant Program Recipients Joan Mitchell Foundation.
  46. ^ "Ann Purcell – Paintings from the 1970s". Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  47. ^ "Atlanta artist Michi Meko's work is "the contemporary experience of black life and survival"". Atlanta Magazine. 28 February 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  48. ^ "Creating a Living Legacy (CALL)". Joan Mitchell Foundation. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  49. ^ Tafur, Suzanne Pfefferle (July 22, 2021). "A space to work and room to grow are the benefit of Joan Mitchell Center artist-in-residency program". NOLA.com. Retrieved 2021-08-12. Check |archive-url= value (help)
  50. ^ "Supported Artists". Joan Mitchell Foundation. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  51. ^ "Archives & Research". Joan Mitchell Foundation. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
  52. ^ "Joan Mitchell Catalogue Raisonné". Retrieved 2021-08-12.
  53. ^ "Empire State Plaza Art Collection".
  54. ^ Rothfuss, Joan & Elizabeth Carpenter (2005). Bits & Pieces Put Together to Present a Semblance of a Whole: Walker Art Center Collections. Walker Art Center. pp. 392–393. ISBN 0-935640-78-9.
  55. ^ Jump up to: a b Ellen Gamerman and Mary M. Lane (April 18, 2013), Women on the Verge Wall Street Journal.
  56. ^ "A gift of blue-chip Modern art comes to the Seattle Art Museum". www.theartnewspaper.com. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  57. ^ Jump up to: a b Joan Mitchell: The Last Decade, November 13 – December 23, 2010 Gagosian Gallery, Los Angeles.
  58. ^ Kertess, Klaus (June 16, 2002). "Her Passion Was Abstract but No Less Combustible". The New York Times. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  59. ^ "Joan Mitchell Retrospective: Her Life and Paintings". Joan Mitchell Foundation. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
  60. ^ Delson, Susan (2021-08-20). "The Artist as Athlete". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  61. ^ Joan Mitchell, Untitiled (1960) Christie's New York, Post-War & Contemporary Evening Sale, 13 May 2014.
  62. ^ Russeth, Andrew; Russeth, Andrew (2018-05-01). "Joan Mitchell Foundation Heads to David Zwirner". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  63. ^ "Joan Mitchell: I carry my landscapes around with me | David Zwirner". www.davidzwirner.com. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
  64. ^ Jump up to: a b Hilarie M. Sheets (July 17, 2008), Artist Dossier: Joan Mitchell Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine Art+Auction.
  65. ^ Katya Kazakina (August 6, 2013), Top 20 Female Artists Fetch $1.8 Billion; Mitchell Leads Bloomberg.
  66. ^ "Sale 2847 Lot 32". Archived from the original on 2014-05-14. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  67. ^ Crow, Kelly. "Christie's Art Sale Brings In Record $745 Million". Wall Street Journal.
  68. ^ Kazakina, Katya. "Billionaires Help Christie's to Record $745 Million Sale". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014.
  69. ^ Southeby's Sale report, O'Keeffe painting sells for $44.4 million at Sotheby's
  70. ^ Villa, Angelica; Villa, Angelica (2021-05-20). "$20 M. Joan Mitchell Painting Sells During Art Basel Hong Kong's Early Hours". ARTnews.com. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  71. ^ Schultz, Abby (May 18, 2018). "Back to the Tried and True Blue (Chip) at Christie's". .

Further reading[]

Reverse chronological by date of publication

  • Roberts, Sarah and Katy Siegel. Joan Mitchell. San Francisco: SFMOMA; New Haven: Yale University Books, 2021. ISBN 9780300247275
  • Hudson, Suzanne and Robert Slifkin. Joan Mitchell: I carry my landscapes around with me. Catalogue of exhibition held at David Zwirner New York, May 3—July 12, 2019. New York: David Zwirner Books, 2019. ISBN 9781644230282
  • Tap, M. (2018). Joan Mitchell and Jean-Paul Riopelle. Border Crossings, 37(3), 122–124.
  • Gabriel, Mary. Ninth Street Women: Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning, Grace Hartigan, Joan Mitchell, and Helen Frankenthaler: five painters and the movement that changed modern art. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2018.
  • Hickey, Dave. 25 Women: Essays on Their Art. Illinois: University of Chicago Press, January, 2016. ISBN 9780226333151
  • Mitchell, Joan. "Interview with Yves Michaud." Stiles, Kristine, and Peter Selz. Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art: A Sourcebook of Artists' Writings. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2012. pp. 32–34. ISBN 978-0-520-25374-2 OCLC 752472786
  • Albers, Patricia. Joan Mitchell: Lady Painter: A Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011. ISBN 978-0-307-59598-0 OCLC 759509852
  • Chadwick, Whitney. Women, Art, and Society. London: Thames & Hudson, 2007. ISBN 978-0-500-20393-4 OCLC 78989059
  • Mitchell, Joan, and Helen Anne Molesworth. Joan Mitchell: Leaving America, New York to Paris, 1958–1964. Göttingen: Steidl, 2007. Catalog of an exhibition held at Hauser & Wirth London, May 24 – July 21, 2007. ISBN 978-3-865-21490-4 OCLC 154788437
  • Livingston, Jane, Yvette Y. Lee, and Linda Nochlin. The Paintings of Joan Mitchell. Berkeley: Los Angeles, 2002. Exhibitions: Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, June 20 – September 29, 2002; Birmingham Museum of Art, Alabama, June 27 – August 31, 2003; Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Texas, September 21, 2003 – January 7, 2004; The Phillips Collection, Washington, February 14 – May 16, 2004. ISBN 978-0-520-23568-7 OCLC 470242775
  • Herskovic, Marika. American Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s: An Illustrated Survey with Artists' Statements, Artwork and Biographies. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New York School Press, 2003. pp. 226–229. ISBN 978-0-967-79941-4 OCLC 50253062
  • Herskovic, Marika. New York School: Abstract Expressionists : Artists Choice by Artists : a Complete Documentation of the New York Painting and Sculpture Annuals, 1951–1957. New Jersey: New York School Press, 2000. pp. 8, 16, 38, 254–257. ISBN 978-0-967-79940-7 OCLC 50666793
  • Seidner, David. Artists at Work : Inside the Studios of Today's Most Celebrated Artists. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1999. pp. 90–103. ISBN 0-8478-2237-0
  • Bernstock, Judith. Joan Mitchell. New York: Hudson Hills Press, in association with Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, 1988.
  • Joan Mitchell: Choix de peintures, 1970–1982. Introduction by Suzanne Pagé; essays by Marcelin Pleynet and Barbara Rose. Paris: ARC, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, 1982.
  • Munro, Eleanor. Originals: American Women Artists. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979. pp 233–247. ISBN 0-671-23109-X
  • Tucker, Marcia. Joan Mitchell. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1974.

External links[]

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