John Smibert
John Smibert | |
---|---|
Born | 24 March 1688 |
Died | 2 April 1751 (aged 63) Boston, Massachusetts, British America |
Nationality | Scottish American |
Education | Godfrey Kneller |
John Smibert (rarely spelled Smybert; /ˈsmaɪbət/;[1] 24 March 1688 — 2 April 1751)[2] was a Scottish-born painter, regarded as the first academically trained artist to live and work regularly in British America.[3]
Career[]
Born in Edinburgh on 24 March 1688, Smibert was the second youngest of six children of Alison and John Smibert, a litster, or wool dyer.[4] From 1702–1709, he was apprenticed to a house painter and plasterer in Edinburgh. On moving to London in 1709[5] he worked as a coach painter and copyist.
1713-1716, he studied under Godfrey Kneller at the Great Queen Street Academy, then returned to Edinburgh, seeking work as portraitist.[5] Smibert travelled to Italy from 1719 to 1722 to copy old masters and then settled in London where he worked as a portrait painter from 1722-1728.[5]
Smibert became a member of the Rose and Crown Club and made a sketch for a group portrait of its members, including George Vertue, John Wootton, Thomas Gibson, Bernard Lens III, and others.
Among his London portraits is one of Bishop Berkeley[6] who, in 1728, enticed Smibert to accompanied him to America, with the intention of becoming professor of fine arts in the college which Berkeley was planning to found in Bermuda. The college, however, was never established, and Smibert settled in Boston, where he married in 1730. He lived at the corner of Brattle Street and Queen-Street.[7][8] He belonged to the Scots Charitable Society of Boston.
In 1728 he began painting "Dean George Berkeley and His Family," also called "The Bermuda group", now in the Yale University Art Gallery, Yale University, a group of eight figures; it is maintained that the person farthest to the left is actually the artist himself. He painted portraits of Jonathan Edwards and Judge Edmund Quincy (in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston), Mrs Smibert, Peter Faneuil and Governor John Endecott (in the Massachusetts Historical Society), John Lovell (Memorial Hall, Harvard University), and probably one of Sir William Pepperrell; and examples of his works are owned by Harvard and Yale Universities, by Bowdoin College, by the Massachusetts Historical Society, and by the New England Historical and Genealogical Society.
In 1734, Smibert opened a shop where he sold paint, other artist's supplies, and prints. In his studio above the shop, he displayed casts and copies of Old Masters that he had painted in Europe. This collection, which Richard Saunders has termed "America's first art gallery", provided much of the early artistic education for Charles Willson Peale, Gilbert Stuart, and John Trumbull.[9]
Between 1740 and 1742, he served as architect for the original Faneuil Hall, which he designed in the style of an English country market. The hall burned down in 1761 but was restored, and then in 1806 greatly expanded and modified by Charles Bulfinch.
His son Nathaniel was also a painter. Smibert lies in an unmarked grave in the Granary Burying Ground in Boston.
Selected works[]
Portrait of Edward Nightengale, ca.1722-1724
Benjamin Morland, oil on canvas, 1724. Yale Center for British Art
Elizabeth Davenport (Mrs. William Dudley, 1729, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
Colonel James Otaway, oil on canvas, 1724. Royal Sussex Regiment Museum
Portrait of Major General Paul Mascarene, 1729 (LACMA)
Edward Winslow, c. 1730-1731, Yale University Art Gallery.
Reverend Joseph Sewall, c. 1735, Yale University Art Gallery.
Portrait of Edmund Quincy, in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
1730 portrait of Thomas Hancock in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston
Catherine Winthrop Sargent, married 1744 as the second wife of Col. Epes Sargent (soldier), from a portrait by Smybert which is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
References[]
- ^ Mangold, Max (1990). Duden Aussprachewörterbuch: Wörterbuch der deutschen Standardaussprache (in German) (2nd ed.). Mannheim, Wien, Zürich: Dudenverlag. p. 667. ISBN 3-411-00916-0. OCLC 1244724110 – via the Internet Archive.
- ^ Saunders 1996, p. 869.
- ^ O'Donnell 2017, p. 18.
- ^ Saunders 2004, p. 1001.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Richard H. Saunders, John Smibert: Colonial America's first portrait painter, Yale University Press, 1995.
- ^ Cust, Lionel Henry (1897). . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 52. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ Weekly Rehearsal, Oct. 21, 1734; May 26, 1735
- ^ David Kruh. Always something doing: Boston's infamous Scollay Square, rev. ed. Boston: Northeastern Univ. Press, 1999; p.34.
- ^ John Smibert, Oxford Art Online
public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Smybert, John". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in theFurther reading[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Smibert. |
- Bénézit, Emmanuel (2006) [first published in French in 1911–1923]. Benezit Dictionary of Artists. 12. Paris: Gründ. pp. 1349. ISBN 2-7000-3082-6 – via the Internet Archive.
- Foote, Henry Wilder (1950). John Smibert, Painter With a Descriptive Catalogue of Portraits, and Notes on the Work of Nathaniel Smibert. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 900850057 – via the Internet Archive.
- Kalfatovic, Martin R. (1999). "Smibert, John". In Garraty, John Arthur; Carnes, Marc Christopher (eds.). American National Biography. 20. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 118–120. ISBN 0-19-512799-4. OCLC 1028044182 – via the Internet Archive.
- O'Donnell, C. Oliver (2017). "Depicting Berkeleyan Idealism: A Study of Two Portraits by John Smibert". Work and Image. 33 (1): 18–34 – via Academia.edu.
- A.T. Perkins. Notes on portraits by Blackburn and Smibert. Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. 17, May 1879.
- Saunders, Richard H. (1995). John Smibert: Colonial America's First Portrait Painter. New Haven, London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-04258-2.
- Saunders, Richard H. (1996). "Smibert, John". In Turner, Jane (ed.). The Dictionary of Art. 28. New York: Grove's Dictionaries. pp. 869–871. ISBN 1-884446-00-0. OCLC 1033666104 – via the Internet Archive.
- Saunders, Richard H. (2004). "Smibert, John". In Matthew, H. C. G. & Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 50. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1001. ISBN 0-19-861400-4. OCLC 1035757202 – via the Internet Archive.
External links[]
- Works by John Smibert at Faded Page (Canada)
- John Singleton Copley in America, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on John Smibert (see index)
- 1688 births
- 1751 deaths
- 18th-century American painters
- American male painters
- 18th-century Scottish painters
- Scottish male painters
- Artists from Boston
- People from colonial Boston
- Scottish emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
- Artists from Edinburgh
- Burials at Granary Burying Ground
- Scottish portrait painters
- American portrait painters