Josef Labor

Josef Labor (29 June 1842 – 26 April 1924) was an Austrian pianist, organist, and composer of the late Romantic era. Labor was an influential music teacher. As a friend of some key figures in Vienna, his importance was enhanced.

Biography[]

Labor was born in the town of Hořovice in Bohemia to Josef Labor, an administrator of ironworks, and his wife Josefa Wallner, who came from a family of doctors.^[1] Both of his parents came from Viennese families. His father belonged to the circle of Schubert-Friends and had been in his younger years a composer himself.^[2] At the age of three, he was left blind due to contracting smallpox. He attended the Institute for the Blind in Vienna and the Konservatorium der Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde (Conservatory of the Society of Friends of Music) where he studied composition with Bruckner's teacher, Simon Sechter, and piano with Eduard Pickhert.

He toured Europe as a pianist and, in the process, formed a lasting friendship with King Georg V of Hanover, who was also blind. Georg named him Royal Chamber Pianist in 1865. At Hanover he met Josef Joachim. Both men founded a lifelong friendship. The following year, Labor followed the king's exile and settled in Vienna, where Labor became a piano teacher, while continuing to compose and perform. In 1875 he took also organ lessons with Johann Evangelist Habert and became a distinguished organist himself. In 1904, Labor received the title Kaiserlich und Königlich Hoforganist (Royal and Imperial Court Organist) and is today best known for his organ works. Labor took a serious interest in early music and wrote continuo elaborations for Heinrich Biber's sonatas.

Labor gave piano lessons to many notable musical personalities including Alma Schindler (who married Gustav Mahler and others), Paul Wittgenstein and Arnold Schoenberg. Alma Schindler studied with Labor for 6 years, beginning when she was 14, and her diaries contain numerous references to her esteemed teacher.

Labor was very close to Paul Wittgenstein's family. He attended many musical evenings at the Wittgenstein home with such Viennese musicians of the day as Johannes Brahms, Clara Schumann, Gustav Mahler, Bruno Walter, and Richard Strauss. As a compositional teacher he gave private lections to Julius Bittner and Rudolf Braun.

When Paul Wittgenstein lost his right arm in World War I, Josef Labor was the first person he asked to write a piece for piano left hand. Wittgenstein later commissioned works for the left hand from other composers including Strauss, Maurice Ravel, Benjamin Britten, Sergei Prokofiev, and Franz Schmidt (the finale of Schmidt's A major Clarinet Quintet – the last of his Wittgenstein commissions – is a set of variations on a theme by Labor from Labor's own clarinet and piano quintet, his Op. 11 published in 1901).

Paul's brother, the philosopher and writer Ludwig Wittgenstein, praised Josef Labor as one of "the six truly great composers" along with Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert, and Brahms.^{[citation needed]}

Selected works[]

• Phantasie über ein Originalthema für 2 Klaviere op 1 (1868)

• Scherzo in Canonform für 2 Klaviere op 2 (1880)

• Quintett für Klavier, Violine, Viola, Violoncello und Kontrabass op 3 (1880)

• Variationen und Fuge über ein Thema von Czerny für Klavier (1890)

• Sonate für Violine und Klavier op. 5 (1892)

• Klavierquartett Nr. 1 C-Dur op. 6 (1893)

• Sonate für Violoncello und Klavier A-Dur op. 7 (1895)

• Fünf Klavierstücke op 8 (1897)

• Phantasie für Orgel über die österreichische Volkshymne op 9 (1898)

• Thema und Variationen für Horn oder Violoncello und Klavier op. 10 (1896)

• Quintett für Klarinette, Violine, Viola, Violoncello und Pianoforte op. 11 (1900)

• Orgel-Phantasie e-moll für zwei Spieler op 12 (1903)

• 2 Improvisationen (Benedicamus domino; Ite missa est) op 13 (?, Print 1912)

• Choralvorspiel über "Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten" für Harmonium op 14 (1903)

• Orgelsonate h-moll op. 15 (?, Print 1912)

• Pater noster, Chor, Orgel, Streichorchester op 16 (1876, Print 1912)

• Klavierquartett Nr. 0 B-Dur (1874)

• Streichquartett C-Dur (1888)

• Thema, Variationen und Fuge über eine schottische Tanzweise (Sir Roger de Coverley) für Orchester (1899)

• Big Ben Capriccio für 2 Klaviere (1901)

• "Edward" – Ballade für Gesang und Klavier (1903)

• Konzert für Violine und Orchester G-Dur (1905)

• 17 Praeludien über Intonationen der wichtigsten Choral-Offertorien nach der Editio Vaticana 1908 (1910)

• 6 Kanons für Frauenstimmen (1912)

• 3 Klavierstücke (1912)

• 3 Lieder für gemischten Chor (1912)

• 3 Interludes für Orgel 1914)

• Konzertstück I für Klavier (linke Hand) und Orchester (1915)

• Konzertstück II für Klavier (linke Hand) und Orchester (1916)

• 3. Sonate E-Dur für Klavier (linke Hand) und Violine (1916)

• Klavierquartett Nr. 2 c-moll (1916) (linke Hand)

• Quintett für Oboe, Klarinette, Horn. Fagott und Klavier (linke Hand) (1921)

• Divertimento/Serenade für Flöte, Oboe, Viola, Cello, Klavier (linke Hand) (1923)

• Konzertstück III für Klavier (linke Hand) und Orchester (1923)

References[]

• Program notes by Bonnie H. Campbell for the Cedille Records "Twilight of the Romantics: Chamber Music by Walter Rabl and Josef Labor" (CD 90000 088)
• P. Kundi, Josef Labor. Sein Leben und Wirken, sein Klavier- und Orgelwerk. Nebst thematischem Katalog sämtlicher Kompositionen. 2 Teile. Diss. Wien 1963
• Michael Wittmann, Josef Labor – Werkchronologie, Berlin 2020, https://mwmusikverlag.wordpress.com/2020/11/04/josef-labor-werkchronologie/

External links[]

• Free scores by Josef Labor at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
• Josef Labor Quintet for Piano, Clarinet, Violin, Viola and Cello, Op.11 Soundbites and discussion of work