Julian Grenfell
Julian Grenfell | |
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![]() Julian Grenfell in military uniform including his DSO ribbon | |
Born | Westminster, London, England | 30 March 1888
Died | 26 May 1915 Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, France | (aged 27)
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | Royal Dragoons |
Years of service | 1910–1915 |
Rank | Captain |
Battles/wars | World War I |
Awards | Distinguished Service Order |
Relations | Captain Francis Octavius Grenfell VC (cousin) |
Julian Henry Francis Grenfell DSO (30 March 1888 – 26 May 1915) was a British soldier and a war poet of World War I.
Early life[]
Julian Grenfell was born at 4 St James's Square, London, the eldest son of William Grenfell, later Baron Desborough, and Ethel Priscilla Fane, daughter of Julian Fane.
He was educated at Eton where he was good friends with Denys Finch Hatton, Edward Horner, and latterly with Patrick Shaw-Stewart. From Eton he went up to Balliol College, Oxford, where he developed a reputation as a "rowdy": for example, he bullied Philip Sassoon by cracking a stock whip within inches of his head.[1] In his final year at Oxford Julian began to struggle with his studies, his moods became unstable, and he was anxious, agitated and miserable. His friends and family found it hard to understand what was wrong, but to modern eyes he was clearly suffering from a major depressive illness. After consulting with his college and his parents Julian opted to take a pass degree, as he wasn't well enough to continue with his honours course[2]
Military service[]
Grenfell was commissioned in the British Army in 1907 and attached to the 1st (Royal) Dragoons in 1910.[3]
He was awarded a Distinguished Service Order in the 1915 New Year Honours; "Lieutenant The Honourable Julian Henry Francis Grenfell, 1st (Royal) Dragoons. On the 17th November he succeeded in reaching a point behind the enemy's trenches and making an excellent reconnaissance, furnishing early information of a pending attack by the enemy."[4]
On 13 May 1915 as a captain in the 1st (Royal) Dragoons, Grenfell stood talking with a General Campbell, a shell landed a few yards from them, and a splinter of the shell hit him in the head. When Julian was initially brought in he was so cheerful that everyone thought he had only a minor wound; and when he (presciently) said "I think I shall die" his friends objected.[5] He was taken to a hospital in Boulogne where he initially seemed to be holding his own, but a X-Ray showed he had an extensive skull fracture, and underlying brain injury. He was operated on at once, but on Sunday 23 May the doctors found his wound was infected so a second operation was undertaken. After this he began to deteriorate. Julian Grenfell died on the afternoon of Wednesday 26 May with his mother, father and sister at his bedside. He was 27 years old and was buried at the Boulogne Eastern Cemetery, his mother Ettie covered his grave with oak leaves and wild flowers. The day after his death, together with news of his death, his most famous poem Into Battle was published for the first time, in The Times.
In a letter from October 1914, Grenfell had written "I adore war. ... It is like a big picnic but without the objectivelessness of a picnic. I have never been more well or more happy. ... It just suits my stolid health and stolid nerves and barbaric disposition. The fighting-excitement vitalizes everything, every sight and action. One loves one's fellow man so much more when one is bent on killing him."[6][7] This contrasts with the work of later war poets such as Siegfried Sassoon or Wilfred Owen, but it should be remembered that Grenfell was a professional soldier, and, in any event, many British veterans of the war rejected the idea that Sassoon and Owen spoke for them.[8] Historian Max Hastings says of Grenfell that he was "idolised by his peers for reasons mystifying to posterity."[7]
His younger brother Gerald William (Billy) Grenfell was killed in action on 30 July 1915 within a mile of where Julian had been wounded.
Commemoration[]
On 11 November 1985, Grenfell was among 16 Great War poets commemorated on a slate stone unveiled in Westminster Abbey's Poets' Corner.[9] The inscription on the stone was written by a fellow Great War poet, Wilfred Owen and reads: "My subject is War, and the pity of War. The Poetry is in the pity."[10]
Today Grenfell is most remembered for his poem "Into Battle" written in May 1915, the closing lines read;
"The thundering line of battle stands,
And in the air Death moans and sings;
But Day shall clasp him with strong hands,
And Night shall fold him in soft wings."
References[]
Notes
- ^ Literary Review, August 2008, p. 29.
- ^ The Children of the Souls - A tragedy of the first world war, Jeanne MacKenzie, pub. Chatto & Windus 1986
- ^ "No. 28409". The London Gazette. 23 August 1910. p. 6107.
- ^ "No. 29024". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 January 1915. p. 9.
- ^ Jeanne MacKenzie 1986
- ^ Hollander, Neil (2013). Elusive dove: the search for peace during World War I. Jefferson NC: McFarland. p. 191. ISBN 9780786478910.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Hastings, Max (2013) Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes To War. New York: Vintage. pp. 527–528. ISBN 978-0-307-74383-1
- ^ Hastings, Max (2013) Catastrophe 1914: Europe Goes To War. New York: Vintage. p. 546. ISBN 978-0-307-74383-1
- ^ "Poets". Net.lib.byu.edu. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
- ^ "World War I poets". Net Library BYU. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
Bibliography
- Mosley, Nicholas (1976) Julian Grenfell: His Life and the Times of his Death
External links[]
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Wikisource has original works written by or about: Julian Grenfell |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Julian Grenfell. |
- 1888 births
- 1915 deaths
- People educated at Eton College
- Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
- 20th-century English poets
- British Army personnel of World War I
- 1st The Royal Dragoons officers
- Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
- British military personnel killed in World War I
- English World War I poets
- 20th-century English male writers
- People educated at Summer Fields School
- British people of Cornish descent
- Heirs apparent who never acceded
- Grenfell family
- English male poets