Kainuu dialect

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Savonian dialects, 5 indicates the area of the Kainuu dialect.

Kainuu dialect is a dialect of Finnish spoken in Kainuu, Vaala, Koillismaa, Posio and Ranua. It belongs to the Savonian dialects, or more broadly, the eastern dialects of Finnish. Due to the region's close ties to North Ostrobothnia, the dialect has been influenced in vocabulary by Central and Northern Ostrobothnian dialects and vice versa.[1] Kainuu dialect is spoken by Kainuu people.

Kainuu dialect can be divided into northern, central, and southern groups. Northern Kainuu dialect is spoken in Koillismaa, Posio and Ranua. Central dialect is spoken in most of Kainuu, as well as in Vaala. Southern dialect is spoken in Sotkamo and Kuhmo, in Southern Kainuu.[2]

Features[]

As typical for dialects of Finnish, the d sound is usually replaced in the Kainuu dialect. For example, the word lehdet (leaves) would become lehet, the word pöydät (tables) would become pöyvät, the word hidas (slow) would become hijas, and the word saada (to get) would become saaha. "Ts" sound is also replaced, such as in mehtä ~ metän (metsä ~ metsän, "forest") and ohta (otsa, "forehead").[3]

A common feature in the dialect is diphthong reduction. Thus, koira (dog) becomes koera, Kainuu becomes Kaenuu, kaula (neck) becomes kaola, and täysi (full) becomes täösi. Long vowel sounds also change, such as in meärä (määrä, "quantity"), however, this is quite rare in Vaala and Koillismaa.[2] Words also tend to gain extra vowels, such as in jalaka (jalka, "leg"). Adding extra consonants is very common, such as sannoo (sanoo, "says") or maksettaan (maksetaan, "is paid").[3]

Many features that are common in other Savonian dialects are missing from Kainuu dialect. For example, Kainuu dialect does not have palatalization at the end of certain words, nor are the personal pronouns changed to myö, työ and hyö (me, te, he in standard Finnish) unlike in most Savonian dialects.[3]

Links[]

References[]

  1. ^ Puuttonen, Mikko (2018). Tutkijaryhmä selittää uudella tavalla Suomen murrealueet – Luonnonolojen synnyttämät kulttuurikuplat eriyttivät puhetavat. hs.fi. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  2. ^ a b Vattula, Laura (2019). Kulkemista ja paikallaan olemista ilmaisevat verbit Kainuun murteen verbisanastossa. University of Oulu. Pages: 2–3.
  3. ^ a b c Savolainen, Erkki (1998). 3.6 Savolaismurteiden piirteitä. Suomen murteet. sokl.uef.fi. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
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