Kako language

Kako (also Mkako or Mkaka) is a Bantu language spoken mainly in Cameroon, with some speakers in the Central African Republic and the Republic of the Congo. The main population centres of Kako speakers are Batouri and Ndélélé in the East Region of Cameroon.

Once grouped with the Gbaya dialect cluster and often still referred to as part of an undefined "Gbaya-Kaka" group, Kako is now grouped in the Bantu subgroup of the Niger–Congo language family.

Dialects[]

Kako can be divided in three main closely related dialects stretching from eastern dialect (Bεra, Bèra) near the Cameroon-Central African Republic border area to a middle dialect (Mgbwako, Mgbako) in near the Batouri area to a western dialect (Mbo-Ndjo'o, Mbo-Ndjokou) near the Bertoua-Doumé area. The difference is the greatest between the eastern Bεra dialect and the western Mbondjóo, with the Mgbwako dialect forming a middle ground.

All three remain mutually intelligible. The Bεra and Mbondjóo dialects have 85.5% of their words in common, of which 26.4% are identical and 59.1% are cognates.^[3]

Other known variants of Kako language are Bo-Rong, Lossou, Ngwendjè and Mbéssembo. Seki language in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea sounds very similar to Kako language.

History[]

Linguistic and documentary evidence support oral traditions claiming that the people speaking Kako, and thus the language, have migrated to their present positions from further east.^[3] Current evidence can trace the language back to the area just east of the current Cameroon-Central African Republic border, around the towns of Berberati and Gaza in the mid 19th century. Further extrapolation into history is speculative, though being a Bantu language it is likely to have followed the Bantu migrations out of their ancestral homeland in the southern Cameroon-Nigeria borderlands.

For their known history, the Kako language has been in close contact with various dialects of the Gbaya language. This has resulted in numerous borrowings of words. In fact, the Bεra dialect of Kako and the Yaáyuwee dialect of Kako share nearly 1% of their words, with a further 10-15% being cognates.^[3] Small group has migrated during last century in Gabon from Cameroon and has settled mainly around Batouri-Mbitam⁵

Writing System[]

Kako is written with two standardized alphabets following the general alphabet of Cameroonian languages, one for East Kako^[4] and the other for west Kako.^[5]

Nasalized vowels are indicated using the cedilla: ⟨a̧ ɛ̧ i̧ o̧ u̧⟩ for East Kako and ⟨a̧ i̧ u̧⟩ for West Kako.

Tones are usually not indicated, lexical tone never is, but grammatical tone can be indicated with accents when there is ambiguity.

References[]

5^https://journals.openedition.org/africanistes/4387