Kathleen Freeman

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Kathleen Freeman
Kathleen Freeman.jpg
Freeman, late 1960s
Born(1919-02-17)February 17, 1919
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedAugust 23, 2001(2001-08-23) (aged 82)
New York City, U.S.
Resting placeHollywood Forever Cemetery
OccupationActress, voice artist
Years active1948–2001
Partner(s)Helen Ramsey (19??–2001)[citation needed]

Kathleen Freeman (February 17, 1919 – August 23, 2001) was an American film, television, voice, and stage actress. In a career that spanned more than 50 years, she portrayed acerbic maids, secretaries, teachers, busybodies, nurses, and battle-axe neighbors and relatives, almost invariably to comic effect.[1] In film, she is perhaps best remembered for appearing in 11 Jerry Lewis comedies in the 1950s and '60s, The Blues Brothers (1980) and its sequel, and Naked Gun 33⅓: The Final Insult (1994).

Early life[]

Freeman was born in Chicago.[2] She began her career as a child, dancing in her parents' vaudeville act.[3] After a stint studying music at the University of California, Los Angeles, she went into acting full-time, working on the stage, and finally entering films in 1948. In 1946, she was a founding member of the Circle Players at the Circle Theatre, now known as El Centro Theatre.[citation needed] Freeman was a Democrat who supported Adlai Stevenson during the 1952 presidential election.[4]

Career[]

Cary Grant and Freeman (in uncredited role) as a laundromat gossip in Houseboat (1958)

Film[]

Freeman made her film debut in Wild Harvest (1947).[5] For a short time in the early 1950s, Freeman was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player, appearing mostly in small and uncredited bit parts. Her most notable early role was an uncredited part in the 1952 MGM musical Singin' in the Rain as Jean Hagen's diction coach Phoebe Dinsmore.[6]

Beginning with the 1954 film 3 Ring Circus, Freeman became a favorite foil of Jerry Lewis's, playing opposite him in 11 films.[7] These included most of Lewis's better-known comedies, including The Disorderly Orderly as Nurse Higgins, The Errand Boy as the studio boss's wife, and especially The Nutty Professor as Millie Lemon. Over 30 years later, she made a brief appearance in Nutty Professor II: The Klumps.

Her other film roles included appearances in The Missouri Traveler (1958), the horror film The Fly (1958), the Western spoofs Support Your Local Sheriff! (1969) and Support Your Local Gunfighter (1971), and appearances in a spate of comedies in the 1980s and 1990s. Freeman played Sister Mary Stigmata (referred to as the Penguin) in John Landis' The Blues Brothers and Blues Brothers 2000, had cameos in Joe Dante's Innerspace and Gremlins 2: The New Batch (as tipsy cooking host Microwave Marge), as a foul-mouthed apartment building manager in Dragnet, and a gangster mother in Naked Gun 33⅓: The Final Insult.

Television[]

In addition to teaching acting classes in Los Angeles, Freeman was a familiar presence on television. In 1958–59, she appeared three times on Buckskin, a children's program set in a hotel in a fictitious Montana town. She appeared from the 1950s until her death in regular or recurring roles on many sitcoms, including six episodes of The Bob Cummings Show (as Bertha Krause), Topper (as Katie the maid), and The Donna Reed Show (as Mrs. Celia Wilgus, the Stones' busybody next door neighbor). In 1964, she appeared in five episodes of The Lucy Show. Later, she was cast on Hogan's Heroes as Frau Gertrude Linkmeyer, General Burkhalter's sister, who longed to wed Colonel Klink. In 1973, she had a co-starring role with Dom DeLuise in the sitcom Lotsa Luck (based on the British sitcom On the Buses).

She appeared in several episodes of Wagon Train, Funny Face (as Mrs. Kate Harwell), I Dream of Jeannie (as a grouchy supervisor in a fantasy preview of Major Nelson's future, and later as a hillbilly), the short-lived prehistoric sitcom It's About Time (as Mrs. Boss), and as the voice of Peg Bundy's mom, an unseen character on Married... with Children. She played a female arm wrestler on Mama's Family.

Freeman played Sgt Carter's mother in a 1969 episode of Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C., as well as appearing as a different character in a 1968 episode of the same series. She also starred with Phil Silvers in The Beverly Hillbillies in episodes 25 and 26 of season eight and episodes two and three in season nine. She also made a first season appearance playing the wife of a couple who take the Clampetts to court, falsely accusing them of reckless driving and causing injuries to the couple (Season 1, Episode 32).

She remained active in her last two years with a regular voice role on As Told by Ginger, a voice bit in the animated feature film Shrek, and a guest appearance on the sitcom Becker. She received a Tony Award nomination and a Theatre World Award for her role as Jeannette Burmeister in the musical version of The Full Monty.[8] In her final episode of As Told by Ginger, season two's "No Hope for Courtney", Freeman's character retires from her teaching job, although Carl and Hoodsey try convincing her to return to work. The script originally was written to have Mrs. Gordon return to Lucky Elementary School, but Freeman died before the episode was finished. The script was then rewritten, and Mrs. Gordon died, as well. The episode was dedicated in Freeman's memory. The dedication came at the end of the episode after the announcement that Elaine Gordon had died and Carl was crying. The screen faded to black and a title card said "In Memory of Kathleen Freeman".

Death[]

Weakened by illness, Freeman was forced to leave the Full Monty cast. Five days later, she died of lung cancer at age 82 at Lenox Hill Hospital.[citation needed] She was cremated and her ashes interred in a niche at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.[9] She never married and she had no children. British reports of her death mentioned her long-time companion Helen Ramsey, but U.S. obituaries did not.[6]

Filmography[]

Film[]

Year Title Role Notes
1948 The Naked City Stout Girl on Elevated Train Uncredited
1948 Casbah American Woman Uncredited
1948 The Saxon Charm Nurse Uncredited
1948 Behind Locked Doors Nurse Uncredited
1949 Mr. Belvedere Goes to College Gwendolyn Uncredited
1949 Annie Was a Wonder Annie Swenson Short film
1949 The Story of Molly X Seamstress Con Uncredited
1950 No Man of Her Own Clara Larrimore (uncredited) Uncredited
1950 The Secret Fury Jury Member Uncredited
1950 House by the River Effie Ferguson - Party Guest
1950 The Reformer and the Redhead Lily Rayton Parker
1950 Once a Thief Phoebe
1950 Lonely Heart Bandits Bertha Martin
1950 A Life of Her Own Switchboard Operator, Betsy Ross Hotel Uncredited
1950 The Second Face Shirley Uncredited
1951 The Company She Keeps Jessie - Parolee with Child Uncredited
1951 Cry Danger Second Cigarette Clerk (uncredited) Uncredited
1951 Cause for Alarm! Woman Uncredited
1951 A Place in the Sun Factory Worker - Prosecution Witness Uncredited
1951 Appointment with Danger Nun Uncredited
1951 Strictly Dishonorable Silent Movie Organist Uncredited
1951 Behave Yourself! Pet Shop Proprietor's Wife Uncredited
1951 Come Fill the Cup Lil - Newspaper Switchboard Operator Uncredited
1951 Let's Make It Legal Reporter Uncredited
1951 The Wild Blue Yonder Nurse Baxter Uncredited
1952 The Greatest Show on Earth Spectator Uncredited
1952 Love Is Better Than Ever Mrs. Kahrney
1952 Singin' in the Rain Phoebe Dinsmore Uncredited
1952 Talk About a Stranger Rosa, Grocery Clerk Uncredited
1952 Kid Monk Baroni Maria Baroni
1952 Skirts Ahoy! Sarcastic Seamstress Uncredited
1952 Wait 'til the Sun Shines, Nellie The Burdges' Maid Uncredited
1952 O. Henry's Full House Mrs. Dorset Uncredited
Segment: "The Ransom of Red Chief"
1952 Monkey Business Mrs. Brannigan, Neighbor Uncredited
1952 The Prisoner of Zenda Gertrud Holf Uncredited
1952 The Bad and the Beautiful Miss March Uncredited
1953 The Magnetic Monster Nelly
1953 She's Back on Broadway Annie Uncredited
1953 Confidentially Connie Mother of Twins Uncredited
1953 The Glass Wall Zelda - Fat Woman
1953 A Perilous Journey Leah
1953 Dream Wife Chambermaid Uncredited
1953 The Affairs of Dobie Gillis 'Happy Stella' Kowalski
1953 Half a Hero Welcomer
1953 The Glass Web Mrs. O'Halloran Uncredited
1954 Battle of Rogue River Sis Pringle Uncredited
1954 The Far Country Grits
1954 Athena Miss Seely
1954 3 Ring Circus Custard-Pie Gag Victim Uncredited
1955 The Seven Year Itch Woman at Vegetarian Restaurant Uncredited
1955 Artists and Models Mrs. Muldoon Uncredited
1957 The Midnight Story Rosa Cuneo
1957 Pawnee Mrs. Carter
1957 Kiss Them for Me Nurse Wilinski Uncredited
1958 The Missouri Traveller Serena Poole
1958 Too Much, Too Soon Miss Magruder Uncredited
1958 The Fly Emma
1958 Houseboat Laundromat Gossip (uncredited) Uncredited
1958 The Buccaneer Tina
1960 North to Alaska Lena Nordquist
1961 Madison Avenue Miss Thelma Haley
1961 The Ladies Man Katie
1961 The Errand Boy Mrs. Helen Paramutual / Mrs. T.P.
1962 Wild Harvest Goldie
1963 The Nutty Professor Millie Lemmon
1963 Who's Minding the Store? Mrs. Glucksman
1964 Mail Order Bride Sister Sue
1964 The Patsy Katie Uncredited
1964 The Disorderly Orderly Nurse Maggie Higgins
1965 The Rounders Agatha Moore
1965 That Funny Feeling Woman at Phone Booth
1965 Marriage on the Rocks Miss Blight
1966 Three on a Couch Murphy
1967 The Big Mouth Little Old Lady Uncredited
1967 Point Blank First Citizen
1968 The Helicopter Spies Mom
1969 Support Your Local Sheriff! Mrs. Danvers
1969 Hook, Line & Sinker Mrs. Hardtack - Baby Sitter
1969 Death of a Gunfighter Mary Elizabeth
1969 The Good Guys and the Bad Guys Mrs. Stone - Mother
1970 The Ballad of Cable Hogue Mrs. Jensen
1970 Myra Breckinridge Bobby Dean Loner
1970 Which Way to the Front? Bland's Mother
1971 Support Your Local Gunfighter! Mrs. Perkins
1971 Head On Nadine
1972 Stand Up and Be Counted Sarah
1972 Where Does It Hurt? Mrs. Mazzini
1972 The Unholy Rollers Karen's Mother
1973 Mrs. Wilk
1974 So Evil, My Sister Hilda
1975 The Strongest Man in the World Officer Hurley
1978 The Norseman Old Indian Woman
1980 The Blues Brothers Sister Mary Stigmata, a.k.a. The Penguin
1981 Heartbeeps Helicopter Pilot
1986 The Best of Times Rosie
1986 Inside Out Mother (voice)
1986 The Malibu Bikini Shop Loraine Bender
1987 In the Mood Beulah Marver
1987 Dragnet Enid Borden
1987 Innerspace Dream Lady
1987 Teen Wolf Too Admissions Lady
1988 The Wrong Guys Grunskis' Mom
1989 Chances Are Mrs. Handy
1989 Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland Dance Teacher (voice)
1989 The Princess and the Dwarf
1989 Hollywood Chaos
1990 Gremlins 2: The New Batch Microwave Marge
1990 The Willies Miss Titmarsh
1991 Joey Takes a Cab Lola
1991 Dutch Gritzi
1992 FernGully: The Last Rainforest Elder #1 (voice)
1993 Reckless Kelly Mrs. Delance
1993 Hocus Pocus Miss Olin
1994 Naked Gun 33⅓: The Final Insult Muriel
1996 Two Guys Talkin' About Girls Rhonda's Grandma
1996 Candysack Elderly Marilyn Monroe Impersonator (voice) Direct-to-video
1996 Carpool Franklin's Mom (voice)
1997 Hercules Heavyset Woman (voice)
1998 Blues Brothers 2000 Mother Mary Stigmata
1998 Richie Rich's Christmas Wish Miss Peabody Direct-to-video
1998 I'll Be Home for Christmas Tom Tom Girl Gloria
1999 Baby Geniuses Lenny's Noisy Neighbor Uncredited
1999 Seven Girlfriends Ms. Hargrove
2000 Ready to Rumble Jane King
2000 Nutty Professor II: The Klumps Denise's Nosy Neighbor Uncredited
2001 Joe Dirt Joe Dirt's Foster Mother Uncredited
2001 Shrek Old Woman (voice) Last acting role before death

Television[]

Year Title Role Notes
1950-1954 Fireside Theatre Mrs. Chernowitz 8 episodes
1952 Dragnet Episode: "The Big Death"
1952 Big Town Episode: "Marry My Past"
1952 I Married Joan Customer in Dress Shop Episode: "Birthday"
1952 Our Miss Brooks Miss Atterberry Episode: "The Embezzled Dress"
1952 Schlitz Playhouse Ripplehissian Gang Episode: "The Pussyfootin' Rocks"
1953 Cavalcade of America Episode: "The Indomitable Blacksmith"
1953 I Married Joan Betty Episodes: "Uncle Edgar" and "Moosehead"
1953-1954 Topper Katie 19 episodes
1953 The Loretta Young Show Freida Foss Episode: "Girl on a Flagpole"
1954 Mr. & Mrs. North Mary Farrell Episode: "The Girl in Cell 13"
1954-1956 The Loretta Young Show Jessie 3 episodes
1954-1955 Mayor of the Town Marilyn "Marilly" the Housekeeper 39 episodes
1955 Lux Video Theatre Connie Episode: "Not All Your Tears"
1955 The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show Helga Episode: "Harry Morton's Cocktail Party"
1955-1956 Matinee Theatre Village Shopkeeper 3 episodes
1955-1958 The Bob Cummings Show Bertha Krause 6 episodes
1956 Father Knows Best Fussy Woman Uncredited
Episode: "The Bus to Nowhere"
1956 It's Always Jan Mrs. Johnson Episodes: "Love Rings Bells" and "Stock Deal"
1956 Warner Bros. Presents Episode: "Strange World"
1956 The Loretta Young Show Cousin Phemie Episode: "His Inheritance"
1958 December Bride Marie Episode: "The Fred MacMurray Show"
1958 Tombstone Territory Hannah Woolsey Episode: "The Outcasts"
1958 Lassie Mrs. Graff Episode: "The Raffle"
1959 Wagon Train Sairy Hogg Episode: "The Kitty Angel Story"
1959-1962 General Electric Theatre Girdle Woman Episodes: "Night Club" and "The Free Wheelers"
1959-1963 77 Sunset Strip Hannah Wells / Mrs. Ryan / WAF Secretary / Mrs. Holmes 4 episodes
1959-1964 The Donna Reed Show Mrs. Celia Wilgus 4 episodes
1959 Lux Playhouse Emma Episode: "The Miss and Missiles"
1960 Hawaiian Eye Opal Jensen Episode: "Then There Were Three"
1960 Bourbon Street Beat Elsie Episode: "Wagon Show"
1960-1961 Bachelor Father Hilda Episodes: "Hilda the Jewel" and "Hilda Rides Again"
1960 The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis Mrs. Metzger Episode: "Rock-A-Bye Dobie"
1960 The Case of the Dangerous Robin Episode: "The Nightmare"
1961 Guestward Ho! Mrs. Laughing Water Episode: "The Hootons Versus Hawkeye"
1962-1971 The Beverly Hillbillies Mabel Johnson / Agnes / Flo Shaffer 6 episodes
1962 Margie Mrs. Botts Episode: "Flaming Youth"
1962 The Detectives Betty Episode: "Pandora's Box"
1962 Rawhide Mrs. Beamish Episode: "The Greedy Town"
1962 Laramie Edna Holtzhoff Episode: "Justice in a Hurry"
1962 The Dick Powell Theatre Episode: "Pericles on 31st Street"
1962 87th Precinct Miss Wilson Episode: "Girl in the Case"
1963 Arrest and Trial Mrs. Hinch Episode: "The Quality of Justice"
1964-1965 The Dick Van Dyke Show Mrs. Campbell / Hotel Maid Episodes: "Honeymoons Are For The Lucky" and "Never Bathe On Saturday"
1965 Alfred Hitchcock Hour Angela Morrow / Wife Episode: "World’s Oldest Motive"
1966-1971 Hogan's Heroes Gertrude Linkmeyer 4 episodes
1967-1970 Bonanza Miss Hibbs / Ma Brinker Episodes: "Maestro Hoss" and "Long Way to Ogden"
1968-1969 Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. Alice Whipple / Mom Episodes: "Hit and Write" and "I'm Always Chasing Gomers"
1969 The Bill Cosby Show Eloise Parker Episode: "A Word from Our Sponsor"
1973 The Mod Squad Martha Episode: "Cry Uncle"
1973-1974 Lotsa Luck Iris Belmont 22 episodes
1975 The Daughters of Joshua Cabe Return Essie Television movie
1975 Kolchak: The Night Stalker Bella Sarkof Episode: "The Youth Killer"
1976 Father O Father Housekeeper Television movie
1977 Kojak Ma Wonderly Episode: "Case Without a File"
1977 ABC Weekend Special Mrs. Stetson Episode: "Soup and Me"
1978 Police Woman Landlady Episode: "Sons"
1980 CHiPs Outraged Lady Episode: "To Your Health"
1983 Sutter's Bay Television movie
1985 AfterMASH Mrs. Poulos Episode: "Saturday's Heroes"
1985 Snorks Additional Voices (voice) Episode: "Snorkitis Is Nothing to Sneeze At/The Whole Toot and Nothing But..."
1985 Simon & Simon Felix's Customer Episode: "Facets"
1986 My Sister Sam Mrs. Pink Episode: "Patti's Party"
1987 Hunter Ann Ridley Episode: "Requiem for Sergeant McCall"
1987 Mama's Family Big Joan McCall Episode: "Mama with the Golden Arm"
1987 She's the Sheriff Bessie Episode: "Hildy Gets Shot"
1988 Bring Me the Head of Dobie Gillis Marie Television movie
1988-1990 Growing Pains Madge, Marge, Estelle, Sophie 5 episodes
1988-1990 The Hogan Family Mother Poole Episodes: "Mother Poole's Visit" and "Used Car"
1988 The Facts of Life Noreen Grisbee Episodes: "The Beginning of the End" and "The Beginning of the Beginning"
1988 The Canterbury Ghost Mrs. Umney (voice) Television movie
1988 Glitz Mrs. Magyk Television movie
1988 Simon & Simon Stella Brunansky Episode: "The Merry Adventures of Robert Hood"
1988 Murphy Brown Mrs. Caldwell Episode: "Respect"
1988 ALF Betty Susla Episode: "Alone Again, Naturally"
1989 L.A. Law Joan Ackerman Episode: "Izzy Ackerman or Is He Not"
1989-1990 DuckTales Mrs. Crackshell, Nurse Hatchet (voices) 10 episodes
1989 TV 101 Landlady Episodes: "First Love: Part 3"
1989 The Magical World of Disney Mrs. Crackshell (voice) Episode: "Super DuckTales"
1989-1990 Head of the Class Nurse Episodes: "Arvid Nose Best" and "The Joker Is Wild"
1989 Generations Mrs. Brezinski 7 episodes
1989 Mr. Belvedere Woman Episode: "Fear of Flying"
1989 Christine Cromwell Kathryn Episode: "Things That Go Bump in the Night"
1990 Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers Ma (voice) Episode: "Short Order Crooks"
1990 A Family for Joe Mrs. Lee Episode: "Law and Order"
1990 Sydney Louisa Episode: "36-24-36"
1990 The Golden Girls Mother Superior Episode: "How Do You Solve a Problem Like Sophia?"
1991 The Munsters Today Grandma Episode: "A House Divided"
1991 Sons and Daughters Debbie Episode: "Deep Throat"
1991 Out of This World Miss Ogilvy Episode: "Educating Kyle"
1991 Tales from the Crypt Mrs. Parker Episode: "Loved to Death"
1991 Beverly Hills, 90210 Pawn Shop Clerk Episode: "Anaconda"
1991 Matlock Lucy Lewis Episodes: "The Witness Killings" and "The Witness Killings: Part 2"
1991 MacGyver Rose Magruta Episode: "Off the Wall"
1992 Major Dad Edna Episode: "Close Encounters"
1992 Martin Saleslady Episode: "The Gift Rapper"
1992 Doogie Howser, M.D. Mrs. Mickling Episode: "The Patient in Spite of Himself"
1993 Chairman's Choice Television movie
1993-1994 Phenom Maureen De La Rosa Episodes: "A Very Doolen Christmas" and "It's a Wonderful Mid-Life Crisis"
1993 Nurses Sister Mary Alma Episode: "Smokin' in the Boys' Room"
1994 Herman's Head Mrs. Debusher Episode: "Bedtime for Hermo"
1994 Party of Five Mona Episode: "Kiss Me Kate"
1995 The Mommies Rona Episode: "Enter Ken"
1995 Renegade Felipe's Mother Episode: "Most Wanted"
1995-1996 Gargoyles Additional Voices (voice) 10 episodes
1995 Bless This Mess Jimmy's Mother (voice) Episode: "The Postman Always Moves Twice"
1995 Married... with Children Peg's Mom (voice) 5 episodes
1996 Dave's World Waitress Episode: "Loves Me Like a Rock"
1996 Melrose Place Madge Episode: "The Circle of Strife"
1996 The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest Mrs. Evans (voice) Episode: "Return of the Anasazi"
1996 Common Law Danish Lady Episode: "In the Matter of: Luis in Love"
1996-1997 Duckman: Private Dick/Family Man Nurse (voice) Episodes: "They Craved Duckman's Brain!" and "Bev Takes a Holiday"
1996 Roseanne Seaweed Attendant / Edna Episodes: "Pampered to a Pulp" and "Satan, Darling"
1996 ER Rhonda's Patient Episode: "No Brain, No Gain"
1997 Coach Magda Episode: "The Stench of Death"
1998 Cow and Chicken Greta (voice) Episode: "Sumo Cow/Comet!"
1998 Night Man Fern Episode: "Bad to the Bone"
1998 Home Improvement Gwen Episode: "The Son Also Mooches"
1998 Love Boat: The Next Wave Maw-Maw Cranston Episode: "How Long Has This Been Going On?"
1998 Clueless Pearl Episode: "Cashless"
1999 Caroline in the City Grandma Duffy Episodes: "Caroline and the Ancestral Home" and "Caroline and the Sudsy Guy"
1999 Rugrats Margaret (voice) Episode: "Wrestling Grandpa/Chuckie Collects"
1999 Arli$$ Helen Krupp Episode: "The Changing of the Guard"
1999-2000 Detention Eugenia P. Kisskillya (voice) 13 episodes
1999 Providence Miss Van Gundy Episode: "The Third Thing"
1999 Grown Ups Mona Episode: "Online Romance"
2000 Becker Edith / Evelyn Episode: "The Hypocratic Oath"
2000 Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show Community Center Cook Episode: "Honey, I'm the Wrong Arm of the Law"
2000-2003 As Told by Ginger Mrs. Gordon (voice) 13 episodes
2000 Batman Beyond Ma Mayhem (voice) Episode: "The Eggbaby"

Video games[]

Year Title Role Notes
1997 The Curse of Monkey Island Madame Xima (voice)

References[]

  1. ^ McKinley, Jesse (August 24, 2001). "Kathleen Freeman, 78, Actress Playing Comic Character Roles". The New York Times. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
  2. ^ Vallance, Tom (March 5, 2014). "Kathleen Freeman". The Independent. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  3. ^ "Actress Kathleen Freeman Dies at 82". Backstage. Associated Press. August 24, 2001. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  4. ^ Motion Picture and Television Magazine, November 1952, page 33, Ideal Publishers
  5. ^ "Freeman, Kathleen (1919–2001)." Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages. Ed. Anne Commire and Deborah Klezmer. Vol. 1. Detroit: Thompson Gale, 2007, p. 692. March 18, 2014, ISBN 978-0787675851
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Bergan, Ronald (August 27, 2001). "Kathleen Freeman". The Guardian. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  7. ^ Clark, Mike (August 30, 2002). "Jerry Lewis tells it like it is — and was". USA Today. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  8. ^ Kathleen Freeman at the Internet Broadway Database
  9. ^ Bahn, Paul (April 14, 2014). The Archaeology of Hollywood: Traces of the Golden Age. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 116. ISBN 978-0759123793.

External links[]

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