Katyusha (song)

A BM-13 Katyusha Multiple Rocket Launcher in Armenia

"Katyusha" (Russian: Катюша [kɐˈtʲuʂə] (listen) – a diminutive form of Екатерина, Ekaterina — Katherine), also transliterated as "Katûša", "Katusha", "Katjuscha", "Katiusha" or "Katjusha", is a Soviet folk-based song and military march. It was composed by Matvey Blanter in 1938, and gained fame during World War II as a patriotic song, inspiring the population to serve and defend their land in the war effort. In Russia, the song was still popular as of 1995.^[1] The song is the source of the nickname of the BM-8, BM-13, and BM-31 "Katyusha" rocket launchers that were used by the Red Army in World War II.^[2]

Song[]

The song is about a Russian woman called Katyusha. Standing on a steep riverbank, she sends her song to her beloved, a soldier serving far away. The theme of the song is that the soldier will protect the Motherland and its people while his grateful girl will keep and protect their love. Its lyrics became relevant during the Second World War, when many Soviet men left their wives and girlfriends to serve in World War II, known in Russia as The Great Patriotic War. Many of the men never returned home, with an estimated 8,668,400 Soviet military deaths.^[3] The lyrics are written by Mikhail Isakovsky.

Performance history[]

The song's popularity began to increase with the beginning of Operation Barbarossa launched by Germany against the Soviet Union. The song was sung by female students from a Soviet industrial school in Moscow, bidding farewell to soldiers going to the battle front against Nazi Germany. Its first official performance was by Valentina Batishcheva in the Column Hall of Moscow's House of the Unions, at the State Jazz Orchestra concert in autumn 1938.^[4] It has since been performed many times by other famous singers, including Lidia Ruslanova, Tamara Sinyavskaya, Georgi Vinogradov, Eduard Khil, Anna German, Ivan Rebroff, Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Joseph Kobzon, countertenor Vitas, Beloe Zlato, a duet by Marina Devyatova and Katya Ryabova, a duet by Maria Voronova and Varvara (real name Elena Vladimirovna Susova), Elena Vaenga, and more. "Katyusha" is part of the repertoire of the Alexandrov Ensemble.^[5]

In other languages[]

In 1943, the Kingdom of Italy, until then one of the Axis powers, joined the Allies. During the next two years, Italian partisans fought against German forces in Italy and Italian Fascists.  [it] wrote Italian lyrics for "Katyusha". His adaptation, Fischia il vento (The Wind Blows), became one of the most famous partisan anthems, along with Bella ciao and La Brigata Garibaldi.

During the last battles on the Eastern Front, the Blue Division used the melody of "Katyusha" for an adaptation called Primavera (Spring), a chant extolling the value of Spanish fascist fighters.^[6]

During the Greek Civil War (1946–1949), Greek partisans who fought against the German invasion in 1941 wrote their version of "Katyusha" named Ο ύμνος του ΕΑΜ (The Hymn of EAM). The text to the melody was written by Vassilis Rotas,^[7] recorded much later by Thanos Mikroutsikos and sung by Maria Dimitriadi.^[8]

It has also been performed by the Syrian Communist Party in Arabic.

The song was translated into Hebrew and performed by 1945, and has been popular ever since in Israel.^[9]

Katyusha is also a popular song sung in the People's Republic of China due to influence from the Soviet Union in the second half of the 20th century and is still widely popular. The popularity of these songs even reached a point in China that at the time young people would deem it a great shame if they couldn't sing them.^{[citation needed]} During the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade, the Chinese honor guard contingent led by Li Bentao surprised hundreds of locals when they sang Katyusha during their march back to their living quarters during a nighttime rehearsal.^[10] That same parade saw the song being performed by the Massed Bands of the Moscow Garrison during the march past of foreign contingents (specifically that of India, Mongolia, Serbia and China).^[11]

In Indonesia, the Joko Widodo campaign song Goyang Jempol Jokowi Gaspol uses its melody.^[12]

It is a popular song in Iceland (particularly among schoolchildren) where it is known as "Vertu til er vorið kallar á þig" ("Be Ready When Spring Calls"), the lyrics by Tryggvi Þorsteinsson encourage hard work in the hayfields in spring.^[13]

A French-language version, titled "Casatchok", was released by Israeli singer Rika Zaraï in 1969.

In popular culture[]

Katyusha has appeared in numerous works, most often in tandem with Russian or Soviet topics, including the 2012 anime Girls und Panzer (though the song is excluded in the English dub and international editions),^[14] a level featuring the USSR in the NES video game Super Dodgeball, and in an album by the band Abney Park.^[15] Katyusha's widespread recognizability and lyrics have ensured that it is even now featured in visual and audio media.

See also[]

• Role of music in World War II
• War song

References[]

External links[]

• Valeria Kurnushkina & Red Army Choir performing Katyusha song
• Katyusha - Chinese version [Катюша на китайском]. 10 September 2009. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
• Катюша / Katyusha — Lyrics and MP3 song, at the Marxists Internet Archive
• Article about the song (in Russian)
• Katyusha - (Multi-Language) 22 Languages on YouTube