Kidnapping in Nigeria

Kidnapping is a major problem in Nigeria in the early 21st century. Kidnapping by bandits and insurgents is among the biggest organised or gang crime in Nigeria and is a national security challenge.^[1]

History[]

Kidnapping is seen as lucrative business and the shortest means to wealth by those involved in this crime.  The current wave of abductions across the country makes every person a potential target regardless of social class or economic status unlike political kidnapping which started in the Nigeria's oil-rich Niger Delta region in the early 2000s and the one by jihadist terror group, Boko Haram in Nigeria's northeast and northwest that began in 2009 when the conflict there started.^[2][3]

In the Niger Delta, agitators took expatriates working with multinational oil giants hostage to force oil companies operating there to carry out community development projects for the benefit of the host communities or force government into negotiations for more of economic benefits accruing to the federal treasury for the region.^[4] Abductions by Islamist terrorist Boko Haram^[5][6][7][8] is to further its agenda, recruit fighters, instil fear,  gain more international popularity and force the government to negotiate with it for ransom which is one of the means of generating funds for its terrorist operation.^[9][10][11] Boko Haram have committed several mass kidnappings of students.^[12] Their 2014 kidnapping of 276 teenage girls from a secondary school in Chibok, Borno State, was covered extensively by the international media, making millions of people aware of that specific crime and of the insurgency.^[12] Boko Haram often demand that victims' families or the government pay them ransoms, or that the government release prisoners from their group.^[12] Boko Haram has brainwashed and forced some of the young people it has kidnapped into joining them and carrying out attacks, including suicide bombings.^[12] Boko Haram force many young female victims to marry them.^[12]

Kidnapping for ransom on a commercial scale which became rampant in Nigeria in 2011 spread across all the 36 states and the country's capital, Abuja.^[13][14]

In February 2021, Nigerian journalist Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani wrote for the BBC News, "The Nigerian government seems to have suggested that it can no longer be relied on to keep citizens safe."^[15]

Kidnapping dark spots[]

Zamfara State[]

Zamfara, one of the security dark spots in Nigeria is caught between herder-farmers clashes and kidnapping and banditry.^[16][17] In June 2019 a household was attacked by bandits seizing the man alongside his three wives and a 13-year-old son.^[18] In August the Director of Budget for the state was kidnapped while his deputy he had been travelling with was killed in the attack.^[19][20][21]

In 2019, the governor of Zamfara, Bello Matawalle initiated a peace and reconciliation plan to bring the bandits who attack and kidnap villagers back home offering them jobs in place of kidnapping and banditry. In August 2019 over 300 kidnapped victims who were held captive waiting for the payment of ransom on their heads by family members were freed.^[22][23] Days later another batch of 40 kidnap victims were freed.^[24]

Makurdi kidnapping[]

On 24 April 2021, gunmen kidnapped students from the Federal University of Agriculture in Makurdi, in Benue State.^{[25][26][27][28]} According to eye witnesses, three students were kidnapped,^[29][30][31] but two students were confirmed kidnapped later. This is Nigeria's fifth kidnapping from an academic institution in 2021. It came just four days after the Greenfield University kidnapping.^[32] On 28 April 2021, the university released a statement confirming the return of the abducted students.^[33] According to the university’s spokesperson, the two students came back on 27 April 2021 unhurt.^[34]

References[]