Kiisortoqia
| Kiisortoqia Temporal range:
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | †Megacheira (?) |
| Genus: | †Kiisortoqia Stein, 2010 |
| Species: | †K. soperi
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| Binomial name | |
| †Kiisortoqia soperi Stein, 2010
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| Part of a series on |
| The Cambrian explosion |
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Kiisortoqia soperi is a species of arthropod from the Early Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte in Greenland. Its antennulae resemble anomalocaridid great appendages.
Morphology[]
The body of K. soperi consisted of a simple head shield, 16 trunk segments (tergites) and a tail plate. The species reached a length of 234–534 millimetres (9.2–21.0 in) (probably descriptive mistake and should be one tenth[1]) and was in outward appearance almost elliptical, about twice as long as wide, with the widest point in the front third of the body at the 3rd to 5th tergite.[2]
The head plate was simple, convex in shape, wider than long, and represented about 20% of the total body length. The tergites were short, about five times as wide as long, and the rear edge of each tergite overlapped the following by about a fifth of its length. The tergites 1–5 all had about the same width, the following tergites becoming narrower towards the posterior end of the animal. In the middle of the tergites an axis can be clearly seen, which constituted about half the width of a tergite and gave it a three-lobed shape. At the lateral ends of each tergite existed spines which increased in length towards the tail. The tiny tail was semi-circular, about half as long as wide. The front half to two-thirds of the tail shield also has a three-lobed shape.[2]
The first segment bore a ventral pair of large limbs, known as the antennule, which are about half to two-thirds as long as the body. They consisted of a cylindrical stem and about 15 segments. The segments had a flat outer side and two widely spaced spines.[2]
The other limbs – three pairs in the head region shield and 16 on the body segments – composed of two branches. The basipod was long, trapezoid-shaped and had two rows with different numbers of spines. The exopods were paddle-like lobes, which were fringed with bristles. The length was little more than two thirds of the length of the endopodite.[2]
Its gut is occasionally preserved in three dimensions, perhaps in phosphate.
Ecology[]
It is believed that Kiisortoqia was a predatory swimmer. The large paddle-like exopods were probably suitable for swimming. With its robust antennule, K. soperi could capture prey, probably using its prickly basipods to bring them to its mouth.[2]
Etymology[]
The name of the genus is derived from the Greenlandic word kiisortoq, meaning "predator" or "hunter". The specific epithet is in honor of Norman John (Jack) Soper who, together with A. K. Higgins, discovered the Sirius Passet fauna and collected the first fossils from the locality.[2]
Distribution[]
More than 170 specimens of the species were recovered in the course of several expeditions between 1985 and 2006 from the Lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Konservat-Lagerstätte, in Peary Land, northern Greenland. The specimens are usually more or less completely preserved: disarticulated fossils were not discovered.[2]
Systematic position[]
Kiisortoqia soperi possesses three crown-arthropod homologies: a head shield with three pairs of limbs, plus the antennula; postantennular biramous limbs; and flap-like exopods fringed with setae. An exact position within the arthropods, however, cannot be determined, due to the possible lack of eyes and the ambiguous shape of the tail plate. A possible synapomorphy of the antennules with the chelicerates is purely speculative. A later cladistic analysis resolved Kiisortoqia as sister to the rest of crown-group arthropods studied.[3]
References[]
- ^ O’Flynn, Robert J.; Audo, Denis; Williams, Mark; Zhai, Dayou; Chen, Hong; Liu, Yu (2020-08-05). "A new euarthropod with 'great appendage'-like frontal head limbs from the Chengjiang Lagerstätte, Southwest China". Palaeontologia Electronica. 23 (2): 1–23. doi:10.26879/1069. ISSN 1094-8074.
- ^ a b c d e f g Martin Stein (2010). "A new arthropod from the Early Cambrian of North Greenland, with a 'great appendage'-like antennula". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 158 (3): 477–500. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00562.x.
- ^ Martin Stein & Paul A. Selden (2012). "A restudy of the Burgess Shale (Cambrian) arthropod Emeraldella brocki and reassessment of its affinities". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (2): 361–383. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.566634.
- Cambrian arthropods
- Prehistoric arthropod genera
- Fossils of Greenland