Kindle Direct Publishing

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Kindle Direct Publishing
Parent companyAmazon
FoundedNovember 2007; 14 years ago (2007-11)
Headquarters locationSeattle, Washington, United States
DistributionWorldwide
Publication typesE-books on Amazon Kindle
Official websitekdp.amazon.com

Kindle Direct Publishing is Amazon.com's e-book self-publishing platform launched in November 2007, concurrently with the first Amazon Kindle device. Amazon launched Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP), originally called Digital Text Platform, for authors and publishers to independently publish their books directly to the Kindle Store.

Authors can upload documents in several formats for delivery via KDP website and charge between $0.99 and $200.00 for their works.[1] These documents may be written in 44 languages.[2]

In 2016, Amazon also added a paperback option, which uses print-on-demand technology with the goal of offering digital and print to self-publishers. Amazon has been promoting to its authors the capability of publishing both e-books and paperbacks through the same platform.

History[]

Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) was in open beta testing in late 2007 and the platform was promoted to established authors by e-mail and by advertisements at Amazon.com.[1] In a December 5, 2009 interview with The New York Times, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos revealed that Amazon keeps 65% of the revenue from all e-book sales for the Kindle.[3] The remaining 35% is split between the author and publisher. After numerous commentators observed that Apple's popular App Store offers 70% of royalties to the publisher, Amazon began a program that offers 70% royalties to Kindle publishers who agree to certain conditions.[4]

Amazon has the KDP Select publishing option that requires 100 percent exclusivity — e-book publishing under this option cannot be sold anywhere else, until the enrollment in KDP Select expires. While under KDP Select, an author can offer the book free for selective five days or discount it for up to seven days through a countdown deal, while still earning 70% royalties. The author can opt out from KDP select ninety days after enrollment. If no action is taken, it will auto-renew the book for another ninety days. Outside of limited deals, e-books permanently priced below $2.99 only get 35% royalties.[5] All KDP Select books are included in Kindle Unlimited, which is a monthly subscription that allows unlimited reading of e-books.

Amazon has reported the Kindle version of Fifty Shades of Grey sold more than double that of Amazon's print sales of the book, and, in June 2012, the Kindle edition became the first ebook to sell more than one million copies on Amazon.[6]

Amazon initially paid authors in its KDP Select program a set fee per book, provided a reader to read at least 10 percent of the book. This drew criticism from authors of longer works because a reader would have to read more of their books in order for the authors to receive any payment, while those who wrote shorter books could receive the fees more easily. In July 2015, the company changed its Kindle Select payment structure to a per-page model.[7] Every time an author's e-book is borrowed and pages are read, the author earns a share of a monthly fund, which was $1.2 million in April 2014, $11 million in July 2015, [8] and currently $28.5 million, for a per-page rate of about half a cent.[9]

During 2016, Amazon released four million e-books and 40% of those titles were self-published under KDP.[10]

In April 2017, Amazon released Kindle Create, an application for converting Word and PDF files into Kindle-compatible files; before this release there were multiple Amazon apps to convert various types of files.[11]

Total royalties paid out to self-publishers on Amazon KDP were over $260 million in 2018,[12] increasing to over $300 million in 2019.[13]

Kindle Scout[]

In 2014, Amazon released the Kindle Scout platform that allows readers to nominate e-books to be published by Kindle Press; as of November 2016, 197 books have been published through this program.[14][15]

Readers nominate works they would like to see published by looking through categories, such as romance, fantasy, science fiction or mystery and picking an excerpt of a work to read. The reader is able to read up to 5,000 words of any e-book listed, and can nominate up to three e-books at any time.[16] Nominations can be changed at will. After the book's 30-day campaign ends, Kindle Press editors decide within fifteen days whether to give it a contract. Readers who nominated the book on the final day of its campaign are given a free copy of the e-book when it is published.[15][16]

Submitted manuscripts must be non-published works of 50,000 or more words. Genres accepted are science fiction, fantasy, mystery, and romance.[17] Once a book has been accepted for a campaign on Kindle Scout, a page for the book is created and the author's 30-day campaign begins. The author submits their work with the title, cover, tag and blurb, plus the entire text of the book.[18] Throughout the 30-day campaign, the author can promote their novel to attract nominations, and books with the most nominations feature in the Hot & Trending chart - although books with many views and hours in the Hot & Trending chart have been rejected, and books with few of either have been selected. If the book is chosen the author is paid a $1,500 advance and 50% royalties. When the book has earned out, Amazon pays royalties monthly. Chosen books are given a professional edit, with the author free to accept or reject changes. Amazon takes all rights except print rights. If the e-book does not make $25,000 in the first five years, the author can request the rights back. Amazon actively promotes Kindle Press e-books.[18]

In April 2018, Amazon stopped taking new submissions to Kindle Scout, indicating that the service would be shut down in the near future.[19] At that time, 293 titles had been selected for publication during the program.

Kindle Publishing for Blogs[]

Blogs published by popular media, such as Ars Technica and TechCrunch, have been available on Kindle since early 2008. In May 2009, the program was opened to all.[20] In December 2015, the status for Kindle Publishing for Blogs was listed as beta.[21]

Amazon, not the content publisher, set the monthly subscription rate for each blog between $0.99 - $1.99. Amazon retained 70% of the revenue from blog sales and gave the remaining 30% to be shared between the publisher and author.[22]

Amazon announced via email that it was discontinuing support for blogs on Kindle due to low usage as of August 19, 2019, and has renamed the service Kindle Publishing for Periodicals.[23]

Kindle Worlds[]

See main article Kindle Worlds

Kindle Worlds was established on May 22, 2013 as part of Amazon Publishing devoted to providing a commercial venue for fan fiction creations of specific licensed media properties. [24] Amazon shut down the Kindle Worlds In August 2018. [25]

Hardcover format option[]

In 2021, Kindle Direct Publishing began offering the option for account-holders to publish and sell a hardcover print version of a book. This was offered only in case laminate (no dust jacket) style, which can be either matte or glossy in finish and published in 5 different offered trim sizes.[26]

Criticism[]

The revenue sharing condition and the inability to opt out of the lendability feature, that was abused in the former Lendink service, have caused some controversy.[27] Other criticisms involve the business model behind Amazon's implementation and distribution of e-books.[28][29] Amazon introduced a software application allowing Kindle books to be read on an iPhone or iPod Touch,[30] and soon followed with an application called "Kindle for PCs" that can be run on a Windows PC. Due to the book publishers' DRM policies, Amazon claims there is no right of first sale with e-books and states that, since e-books are licensed, not purchased (unlike paper books), buyers do not actually own their e-books. This claim has never been tested in court, and the outcome of any action by Amazon is uncertain. The law on these matters is in a state of flux in jurisdictions around the world.[31][32]

It has also been pointed out that Kindle Direct's authors and account-holders have no ability to completely delete retired files reverted to "draft" status from Kindle Direct's databases, a similar practice that CreateSpace followed, whereby a book can be unpublished for further new printing, but will indefinitely be stored on one or more of Amazon's digital servers, even if this version is considered inferior (outdated, typos and grammatical errors, formatting problems, wrong author name or deadname, etc.) This was investigated by self-publishing help website Just Publishing Advice, which ultimately agreed, stating, "if you have self-published a book and now want to delete it, all you can do is unpublish it. The same applies if you are managing the books of a deceased self-published author. This will remove it from sale and distribution. However, it will not stop possible sales by third parties on mass-market distribution."[33] This is confirmed by Kindle Direct Publishing itself, which not only has the account-holder click a digital box confirming agreement with its Terms & Conditions, which mentions the indefinite storage of any uploaded files on its servers, but also on Kindle Direct Publishing's Frequently Asked Questions section, where it states, "You can delete books in "Draft" status from your Bookshelf. If your book was previously published and available for sale, it can't be deleted. Also, paperbacks that were assigned an ISBN can't be deleted."[34] Kindle Direct Publishing has never publicly disclosed why it retains unpublished files on its servers. Additionally, there is no legal protection or exceptions for minors or mentally ill and disabled individuals who happen to sign the Terms & Conditions agreement. Authors who delete their accounts, or who have their accounts deleted, continue to have any uploaded files retained by Kindle Direct Publishing, although in cases where it appears that a book has been plagiarized by another account using Kindle Direct's services, authors are prompted to contact Amazon's Legal Department, which more broadly deals with any form of copyright infringement.[35]

There have been growing concerns that the minimalist approach Kindle Direct Publishing takes to quality control has led to the platform being turned into a popular vessel for offensive and potentially illegal content, including hate propaganda, neo-Nazi material, autism misinformation, illegal sex-based material (books promoting paedophilia or bestiality), plagiarized titles or books containing material that violates copyright, and books using another author's name and/or likeness. The platform has become infamous on social forums Reddit and 4Chan for "publishing anything" with little to no legal recourse or evaluation.[36] Some titles released through Amazon's self-publishing platforms Kindle Direct Publishing and CreateSpace have since been removed by Amazon itself after numerous legal complaints. These titles include The Pedophile's Guide to Love and Pleasure: a Child-lover's Code of Conduct by Phillip R. Greaves, Is Greta Thunberg Just A Puppet? The truth about the the [sic] youngest ambientalist by Markus Jorgenssen, and A MAD World Order by Paul Bernardo. In an experiment to test the lack of Amazon's quality control in the known area of autism-themed books, Wired journalist Matthew "Matt" Reynolds penned a self-published Kindle eBook titled How To Cure Autism: A guide to using chlorine dioxide to cure autism. As he explained, "to test the system, we uploaded a fake Kindle book titled How To Cure Autism: A guide to using chlorine dioxide to cure autism. The listing was approved within two hours. When creating the book, Amazon's Kindle publishing service suggested a stock cover image that made it appear as though the book had been approved by the FDA." He pointed out that a number of other real Kindle titles promoting bleach cures and other misinformation were already prevalent on Amazon.[37]

Authors like Nora Roberts and Stephen King, meanwhile, have had their work plagiarized and copied by users on Kindle Direct Publishing. Plagiarism, both of traditionally-published and self-published titles, has been a growing problem on Kindle Direct Publishing. These stolen titles may retain a permanent metadata record on Google Books, Goodreads and Ingram if assigned an ISBN (Kindle Direct Publishing offers authors of print books a "free KDP ISBN" option which immediately places any assigned title into Bowker and Ingram's databases), although many plagiarized titles also occur in the form of Kindle eBooks with only an ASIN and no ISBN, as this allows a higher quantity of the plagiarized title to be sold off in a short amount of time, leaving almost no trace if the plagiarist does get caught. The legal recourse affecting the plagiarist, who may use a pseudonym to publish under, is limited. According to author David Gaughran, who has long been campaigning against the ease of plagiarism through self-publishing platforms, "Amazon said don't worry, we have robust systems in place to prevent fraud, and it was all bullshit... it hurts authors much more than Amazon. They might see it as only affecting 0.2% of books or whatever, but the top scammers are making over $100,000 a month – money that comes from the author fund, not Amazon's end. These people gaming the system will roll a huge chunk of that back into advertising too, which either brings readers to the website, or goes directly back into Amazon's pocket via Amazon Ads." Nora Roberts, meanwhile, described Kindle Direct's system as "absurdly weak" and "enraging" to her. "This culture, this ugly underbelly of legitimate self-publishing is all about content. More, more, more, fast, fast, fast".[38]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Munarriz, Rick Aristotle (November 27, 2007). "Why Kindle Will Change the World". Motley Fool. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
  2. ^ "Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing: Get help with self-publishing your book to Amazon's Kindle Store". Kdp.amazon.com. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
  3. ^ Solomon, Deborah (December 6, 2009). "Questions for Jeffrey P. Bezos: Book Learning". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 29, 2011. Retrieved December 22, 2009.
  4. ^ Henry Blodget (January 20, 2010). "Amazon Fires Missile At Book Industry, Launches 70% Kindle Royalty Option". Business Insider. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  5. ^ Alexis Grant, April 14, 2014 Kindle Publishing: A Step-by-Step Guide for Selling Your Book Through Amazon Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  6. ^ "Fifty Shades Of Grey first to sell a million copies on Kindle". June 27, 2012.
  7. ^ Wayner, Peter (20 June 2015). "What If Authors Were Paid Every Time Someone Turned a Page?". The Atlantic Monthly Group. The Atlantic. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  8. ^ KDP Select's New Royalty is Estimated to be Around Half a Cent Per Page The Digital Reader July 1, 2015
  9. ^ "KDP Select Global Fund". 24 September 2019.
  10. ^ The Kindle Effect Fortune Magazine, December 30, 2016.
  11. ^ Kindle Create Lets You Make a Kindle eBook From a Word File Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  12. ^ "Amazon.com Announces Fourth Quarter Sales up 20% to $72.4 Billion". About Amazon. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  13. ^ "Amazon.com Announces Fourth Quarter Sales up 21% to $87.4 Billion". About Amazon. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  14. ^ "Kindle Scout". Kindle Scout. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  15. ^ a b "Amazon's Kindle Scout Publishing Platform Expands Internationally | Digital Book World". www.digitalbookworld.com. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  16. ^ a b "Kindle Scout". Kindle Scout. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  17. ^ "How Kindle Scout Works - SFWA". SFWA. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  18. ^ a b "Help - Kindle Scout". Kindle Scout. Archived from the original on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  19. ^ Amazon is Shutting Down Its Crowd-Sourcing Platform, Kindle Scout Retrieved April 2, 2018.
  20. ^ "Kindle Publishing Now Open To All Blogs". TechCrunch. 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2014-04-15.
  21. ^ "Kindle Publishing for Blogs". Amazon. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
  22. ^ "A quick look at Amazon's Kindle Direct Publishing". NCS.net. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
  23. ^ "Kindle Publishing for Periodicals". Amazon. Retrieved 2019-08-13.
  24. ^ Pepitone, Julianne (3 May 2013). "Amazon's "Kindle Worlds" lets fan fiction writers sell their stories". CNN Money. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  25. ^ "Amazon to Shut Down Kindle Worlds - The Digital Reader". 15 May 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  26. ^ "Hardcover". kdp.amazon.com/. Kindle Direct Publishing. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  27. ^ Blue, Violet (2012). "Piracy witch hunt downs legit e-book lending Web site". Cnet. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  28. ^ Perlow, Jason. "Kindle Economics". ZDNet.com. pp. "Tech Broiler" blog. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved March 6, 2009.
  29. ^ Frommer, Dan. "Bad News for the Kindle: iPhone 3G + Apps (AAPL, AMZN)". BusinessInsider.com. pp. "Silicon Alley Insider" section. Archived from the original on March 9, 2009. Retrieved March 6, 2009.
  30. ^ Jason Perlow. "Kindlenomics Zero: When e-Texts Have No Entry Cost". ZDNet.com. pp. "Tech Broiler" blog. Retrieved March 6, 2009.
  31. ^ "Gizmodo – Amazon Kindle and Sony Reader Locked Up: Why Your Books Are No Longer Yours – Amazon:". Gizmodo. Gawker Media. March 21, 2008. Archived from the original on May 24, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
  32. ^ "Kindle owners find out about DRM's ever-present threat – Ars Technica:". Gear & Gadgets. Ars Technica. April 16, 2009. Archived from the original on June 22, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
  33. ^ "Learn How You Can Delete A Book After It Has Been Published". justpublishingadvice.com. Just Publishing Advice. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  34. ^ "Unpublishing and Deleting Books". kdp.amazon.com. Kindle Direct Publishing. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  35. ^ "Claim Copyright Infringement". amazon.com. Amazon. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  36. ^ Kofman, Ava; Tseng, Francis; Weigel, Moira. "The Hate Store: Amazon's Self-Publishing Arm Is a Haven for White Supremacists". www.propublica.org. ProPublica. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  37. ^ Reynolds, Matt. "Amazon sells 'autism cure' books that suggest children drink toxic, bleach-like substances". wired.co.uk. Wired. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
  38. ^ Flood, Alison. "Plagiarism, 'book-stuffing', clickfarms ... the rotten side of self-publishing". www.theguardian.com. The Guardian. Retrieved 26 August 2021.

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