Kingdom of Mangalai
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Mangalai (Chinese: 曼尕賴; pinyin: Màngǎlài) was a 13th-century kingdom with its capital in northwest China's Akesu city. Mentioned by Marco Polo, it was subservient to Genghis Khan from 1224 to his death in 1227. On the edge of the Yuan Dynasty of China, Mangalai was controlled by the Chagatai Khanate. Its latter history sees periods of autonomy or inclusion of one of many larger kingdoms including: Mogulistan, Kashgar, and . In 1877 the area came under the control of the Qing Dynasty of China and remains part of the Chinese province of Xinjiang.
List of rulers[]
Early time and Mongol conquests[]
| Date | Ruler's name |
|---|---|
| 1220-c. 1240 |
Babdagan allied with Genghis Khan and his Mongols (1224–1227) playing taxes to them and providing military assistance thus keeping his kingdom. With the death of Genghis, the area came within the Chagatai Khanate from 1227 to 1348.
| Date | Ruler's name |
|---|---|
| 1240c.-1260 | |
| 1260–1340 | unknown |
| 1340–1362 |
1348-1514 A part of Mogulistan[]
| Date | Ruler's name | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1362 – c. 1390 | ||
| c. 1390 – c. 1420 | ||
| c. 1420 – 1457 | ||
| 1457–1464 | ||
| 1464–1480 | (in Yarkand 1457–1480) | |
| 1480–1514 | Mirza Abu Bakr | (the Chodja in Kashgar 1480–1514) |
| 1504–1514 | (Mogulistan 1508–14, Turfan 1503–45) his rule was opposed by Imal Khodja ibn Mansur Khan | |
| 1514–1516 | 1514-1516 | Independent from Mogulistan |
| 1516–1521 | part of Mogulistan again | |
| 1521–1533 | Abd ar-Rashid Khan I | (Mogulistan 1533–60) |
| 1534–1588 | Opposed by: Abd al-Karim Khan ibn Abd ar-Rashid | |
| 1534–1560 | ||
| 1588–1591 | ||
| 1591–1596 | (at Kashgar 1596–1609) | |
| 1596–1609 | (in Kashgar 1609–1614) | |
| 1609–1614 | ||
| 1614–1615 | ||
| 1615–1632 | Sultan Ahmad | |
| 1632–1638 | ||
| 1638–1641 | ||
| 1641–1642 | ||
| 1642–1651 | ||
| 1651–1666 | (Mogulistan 1669) | |
| 1666–1670 | Ismail Khan | (Mogulistan 1669, 1670–78, 1679–82) |
| 1670–1743 | Part of Kashgar | |
| 1743–1755 | ||
| 1756–1759 | ||
| 1759–1864 | Qing Dynasty China | |
| 1864–1866 | ||
| 1866–1877 | Part of the (or Xinjiang) | |
| 1877 | ||
| 1877 onward | Part of China. |
External links[]
- Text and notes by N. Elias on the account of the Tarikh-i-Rashidi
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- History of Xinjiang
- Former countries in Central Asia
- Former countries in Chinese history
- Central Asian history stubs