Kniphofia

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Kniphofia
Kniphofia Species (7134114493).jpg
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asphodelaceae
Subfamily: Asphodeloideae
Genus: Kniphofia
Moench
Synonyms[1]
  • Tritoma Ker Gawl.
  • Triocles Salisb.
  • Tritomanthe Link
  • Tritomium Link
  • Rudolpho-roemeria Steud. ex Hochst.
  • Triclissa Salisb.
  • Notosceptrum Benth.

Kniphofia /nɪpˈhoʊfiə/[2] is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asphodelaceae, first described as a genus in 1794.[3] Species are native to Africa. Common names include tritoma, red hot poker, torch lily and poker plant.

Description[]

Herbaceous species and hybrids have narrow, grass-like leaves 10–100 cm (4–39 in) long, while evergreen species have broader, strap-shaped foliage up to 1.5 m (5 ft) long. All plants produce spikes of upright, brightly coloured flowers well above the foliage, in shades of red, orange and yellow, often bicoloured.[4] The flowers produce copious nectar while blooming and are attractive to bees and sunbirds. In the New World they may attract nectarivores such as hummingbirds and New World orioles.

Etymology[]

The genus Kniphofia is named after Johann Hieronymus Kniphof, an 18th-century German physician and botanist.

Cultivation[]

Several species of Kniphofia are cultivated as garden plants, valued for their architectural properties. These include K. galpini, K. northiae, K. rooperi and K. thomsonii.

In addition to the species, many named cultivars of mixed or uncertain parentage have been selected for garden use. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-[5]

  • 'Barton Fever' [6] (orange-white, 100cm)
  • 'Bees' Sunset' [7] (yellow, 90cm)
  • 'Brimstone' [8] (sulphur yellow, 90cm)
  • 'Buttercup' [9] (clear yellow, 75cm)
  • 'Coral Flame' [10] (coral red, 90cm)
  • 'Fiery Fred' [11] (orange, 130cm)
  • 'Incandesce' [12] (orange, 140cm)
  • 'Innocence' [13] (red-yellow, 110cm)
  • 'Jonathan' [14] (red-orange, 130cm)
  • 'Moonstone' [15] (yellow, 120cm)
  • 'Nobilis' [16] (evergreen, orange and yellow, 150cm+)
  • 'Penny Rockets' [17] (orange, 100cm)
  • 'Primrose Upward' [18] (yellow, 115cm)
  • 'Rich Echoes' [19] (orange-yellow, 120cm)
  • 'Royal Standard' [20] (red and yellow, 90cm)
  • 'Safranvogel' [21] (peach pink, 80cm)
  • 'Samuel's Sensation' [22] (red-yellow, 150cm)
  • 'Sunningdale Yellow' [23] (orange and yellow, 60cm)
  • 'Tawny King' [24] (cream/brown, 120cm)
  • 'Timothy' [25] (orange, 100cm)
  • 'Toffee Nosed' [26] (cream/brown, 100cm)
  • 'Wrexham Buttercup' [27] (yellow, 120cm)

Species[]

There are about 73 described species.[1][28]

  1. Codd - Cape Province of South Africa
  2. Codd - Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal
  3. Baijnath - Lesotho, South Africa
  4. (Baker) Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
  5. Baker - Madagascar
  6. Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  7. Welw. ex Baker - Angola, Zambia
  8. De Wild. - Zaïre, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda
  9. (Zahlbr.) Codd - Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  10. Harv. ex Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Free State
  11. (Codd) Codd - Cape Province
  12. Baker - KwaZulu-Natal
  13. Baker - Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province, Free State
  14. Baker - Cape Province
  15. Cufod. - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  16. E.A.Bruce - Limpopo
  17. Baker - Limpopo
  18. Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  19. De Wild - Zaire, Tanzania, Zambia, Angola
  20. Baker - South Africa
  21. Fiori - Eritrea (K. pumila × K. schimperi)
  22. Baker - KwaZulu-Natal
  23. Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  24. Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
  25. Codd - South Africa
  26. Hochst. - Ethiopia
  27. Kniphofia galpinii Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland, Mpumalanga
  28. Engl. - Tanzania
  29. Harv. ex Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  30. Baker - Zaïre, Tanzania, Zambia, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Malawi
  31. Cufod. - Ethiopia
  32. Codd - Lesotho, Cape Province
  33. Schinz - KwaZulu-Natal
  34. Rendle - Ethiopia
  35. Hochst. - Ethiopia
  36. Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
  37. Kunth - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  38. Baijnath - KwaZulu-Natal
  39. Baker - Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Swaziland, South Africa
  40. Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
  41. Lisowski & Wiland - Zaïre
  42. S.Blackmore - Mt. Mulanje in Malawi
  43. J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans - Swaziland, South Africa
  44. Kniphofia nana Marais - Zaïre
  45. Kniphofia northiae Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  46. Mildbr. - Sudan
  47. Baker - Massif de l' Ankaratra in Madagascar
  48. Engl - Elton Plateau in Tanzania
  49. Kunth - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  50. Baker - KwaZulu-Natal
  51. Baker - Lesotho, Swaziland, South Africa
  52. Baker - Cape Province
  53. (A.Berger) Marais - Zaïre, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi
  54. (Aiton) Kunth - Zaïre, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea
  55. Kniphofia reflexa Hutch. ex Codd - Nigeria, Cameroon (endangered)[29]
  56. Codd - Tanzania, Zambia
  57. E.A.Bruce - Mpumalanga
  58. Codd - Free State, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal
  59. Kniphofia rooperi (T.Moore) Lem. - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
  60. (Andrews) Kunth - Cape Province
  61. Baker - Ethiopia, Eritrea
  62. E.A.Bruce - Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, northeastern South Africa, Swaziland
  63. Codd - Cape Province, Lesotho
  64. Deflers - Ibb Mountains of Yemen
  65. Marloth - Cape Province
  66. Baker - Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal
  67. Kniphofia thomsonii Baker - Zaïre, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia
  68. Kunth - Lesotho, South Africa
  69. Codd - Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Mpumalanga
  70. Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province, Swaziland
  71. Kniphofia umbrina Codd - Swaziland
  72. Kniphofia uvaria (L.) Oken - Cape Province; naturalized in Mexico, North Carolina, Spain, Oregon, Turkey, Washington State, St. Helena, California
  73. Fischer & Ackermann - Rwanda

Gallery[]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  3. ^ Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Asphodeloideae
  4. ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
  5. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 57. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  6. ^ "Kniphofia 'Barton Fever'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  7. ^ "Kniphofia 'Bees' Sunset'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  8. ^ "Kniphofia 'Brimstone'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  9. ^ "Kniphofia 'Buttercup'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  10. ^ "Kniphofia 'Coral Flame'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  11. ^ "Kniphofia 'Fiery Fred'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  12. ^ "Kniphofia 'Incandesce'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  13. ^ "Kniphofia 'Innocence'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  14. ^ "Kniphofia 'Jonathan'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  15. ^ "Kniphofia 'Moonstone'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  16. ^ "Kniphofia 'Nobilis'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  17. ^ "Kniphofia 'Penny Rockets'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  18. ^ "Kniphofia 'Primrose Upward'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  19. ^ "Kniphofia 'Rich Echoes'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  20. ^ "Kniphofia 'Royal Standard'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  21. ^ "Kniphofia 'Safranvogel'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  22. ^ "Kniphofia 'Samuel's Sensation'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  23. ^ "Kniphofia 'Sunningdale Yellow'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  24. ^ "Kniphofia 'Tawny King'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  25. ^ "Kniphofia 'Timothy'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  26. ^ "Kniphofia 'Toffee Nosed'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  27. ^ "Kniphofia 'Wrexham Buttercup'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  28. ^ "A New Species of Kniphofia from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda". Novataxa. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  29. ^ "Kniphofia reflexa". Redlist.org. Retrieved 2012-05-13.

External links[]

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