Ksar Metlili Formation

Ksar Metlili Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Tithonian to Early Berriasian

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Ksar Metlili Formation; Stratigraphic range: Late Tithonian to Early Berriasian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Moroccan Red Beds
Underlies
Overlies	Anoual Formation
Thickness	~80 m (260 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Mudstone, sandstone
Other	Limestone, marl, calcarenite
Location
Coordinates	32°42′N 3°06′W / 32.7°N 3.1°WCoordinates: 32°42′N 3°06′W / 32.7°N 3.1°W
Approximate paleocoordinates	25°06′N 1°54′E / 25.1°N 1.9°E
Region	Figuig Province
Country	Morocco
Extent	High Atlas
Type section
Named for	Ksar Met Lili Fort
	Ksar Metlili Formation (Morocco)

The Ksar Metlili Formation is a geological formation in eastern High Atlas of Morocco, it is late Tithonian to Berriasian in age. It is approximately 80 metres (260 ft) thick and primarily consists of mudstone and sandstone, with thin calcareous beds.^[1] One of these calcareous beds near the middle of the sequence is an important microvertebrate locality.^[2] Subsequent to the original site, several other localities have been sampled. The depositional environment is thought to be near shore deltaic.^[3]

Fossil content[]

Amphibians[]

Amphibians of the Ksar Metlili Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Anoualerpeton^[4]	A. unicus			"Right premaxilla missing most of pars palatinum and lateralmost part of pars dentalis, with preserved tooth row containing three broken teeth and five tooth slots"	Albanerpetonid
	A. anoualensis				Frog
aff. Enneabatrachus	Indeterminate				Discoglossid Frog
Rubricacaecilia^[5]	R. monbaroni			Nearly complete right pseudodentary, partial left pseudodentaries, partial right pseudangular, partial palatine, atlas, postcranial vertebrae	Stem-caecilian

Lepidosaurs[]

Lepidosaurs of the Ksar Metlili Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Paramacellodus	P. marocensis			Left dentary with 12 teeth	Lizard
	T. anoualensis				Lizard
	T. anoualae				Sphenodontid
Sphenodontia	Indeterminate				Distinct from Tingitana

Dinosaurs[]

Dinosaurs of the Ksar Metlili Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
Theropoda^[6]	Indeterminate			Teeth
Maniraptoriformes^[6]	Indeterimnate			Teeth
Dromeosauridae^[6]	Indeterminate			Teeth
Ornithischia	Indeterminate

Mammals[]

Mammals of the Ksar Metlili Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes	Images
	A. nessovi				Peramurid
^[7]	A. monbaroni				Theriiform
	D. moroccensis				Haramiyidan
Donodon^[7]	D. prescriptoris				Dryolestida
Dyskritodon^[8]	D. amazighi	KM 1983			Eutriconodontan
Gobiconodon	G. palaios	KM 1983			Eutriconodontan
Hahnodon	H. taqueti				Haramiyidan
	H. phelizoni, H. micros
Ichthyoconodon^[8]	I. jaworowskorum				Volaticothere
	K. polysphenos				Eutriconodonta
^[7]	M. laaroussii
	M. richardfoxi
Peramus	Indeterminate
Thereuodon	T. dahmani
	T. africanum
Amphilestidae	Indeterimate
Dryolestidae	Indeterminate
cf. Cynodontia^[9]	Indeterminate	KM-B'			Two morphotypes, non tritylodontid

References[]

^ Haddoumi, Hamid; Allain, Ronan; Meslouh, Said; Metais, Grégoire; Monbaron, Michel; Pons, Denise; Rage, Jean-Claude; Vullo, Romain; Zouhri, Samir (January 2016). "Guelb el Ahmar (Bathonian, Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco): First continental flora and fauna including mammals from the Middle Jurassic of Africa" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 29 (1): 290–319. Bibcode:2016GondR..29..290H. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2014.12.004. ISSN 1342-937X.
^ "Ksar Met-Lili, Anoual". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
^ Lasseron, Maxime; Allain, Ronan; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel; Haddoumi, Hamid; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Métais, Grégoire; Rage, Jean-Claude; Vullo, Romain; Zouhri, Samir (March 2020). "New data on the microvertebrate fauna from the Upper Jurassic or lowest Cretaceous of Ksar Metlili (Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco)". Geological Magazine. 157 (3): 367–392. Bibcode:2020GeoM..157..367L. doi:10.1017/S0016756819000761. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 204263709.
^ Gardner, J. D; Evans, S. E; Sigogneau-Russell, D (2003). "New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (in Polish). 48: 301–319. ISSN 0567-7920. OCLC 108450287.
^ Evans, Susan E.; Sigogneau-Russell, Denise (March 2001). "A stem-group caecilian (Lissamphibia: Gymnophiona) from the Lower Cretaceous of North Africa". Palaeontology. 44 (2): 259–273. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00179. ISSN 0031-0239.
^ ^a ^b ^c Knoll, F.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J. I. (July 2009). "Theropod teeth from the basalmost Cretaceous of Anoual (Morocco) and their palaeobiogeographical significance". Geological Magazine. 146 (4): 602–616. Bibcode:2009GeoM..146..602K. doi:10.1017/S0016756809005950. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 128877571.
^ ^a ^b ^c D. Sigogneau-Russell. 1991. Nouveaux Mammiferes theriens du Cretace inferieur du Maroc. Comptes-Rendus de l'Academis des Sciences du Paris, series II 313:279-285
^ ^a ^b Sigogneau-Russell D (1995). "Two possibly aquatic triconodont mammals from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 40 (2): 149–162. ISSN 0567-7920. OCLC 5866546938.
^ Lasseron, Maxime (October–November 2019). "Enigmatic teeth from the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition of Morocco: The latest known non-mammaliaform cynodonts (Synapsida, Cynodontia) from Africa?". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 18 (7): 897–907. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2019.05.002.

[1] Haddoumi, Hamid; Allain, Ronan; Meslouh, Said; Metais, Grégoire; Monbaron, Michel; Pons, Denise; Rage, Jean-Claude; Vullo, Romain; Zouhri, Samir (January 2016). "Guelb el Ahmar (Bathonian, Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco): First continental flora and fauna including mammals from the Middle Jurassic of Africa" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 29 (1): 290–319. Bibcode:2016GondR..29..290H. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2014.12.004. ISSN 1342-937X.

[2] "Ksar Met-Lili, Anoual". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 24 August 2018.

[3] Lasseron, Maxime; Allain, Ronan; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel; Haddoumi, Hamid; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Métais, Grégoire; Rage, Jean-Claude; Vullo, Romain; Zouhri, Samir (March 2020). "New data on the microvertebrate fauna from the Upper Jurassic or lowest Cretaceous of Ksar Metlili (Anoual Syncline, eastern Morocco)". Geological Magazine. 157 (3): 367–392. Bibcode:2020GeoM..157..367L. doi:10.1017/S0016756819000761. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 204263709.

[4] Gardner, J. D; Evans, S. E; Sigogneau-Russell, D (2003). "New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica (in Polish). 48: 301–319. ISSN 0567-7920. OCLC 108450287.

[5] Evans, Susan E.; Sigogneau-Russell, Denise (March 2001). "A stem-group caecilian (Lissamphibia: Gymnophiona) from the Lower Cretaceous of North Africa". Palaeontology. 44 (2): 259–273. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00179. ISSN 0031-0239.

[:1-6] Knoll, F.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J. I. (July 2009). "Theropod teeth from the basalmost Cretaceous of Anoual (Morocco) and their palaeobiogeographical significance". Geological Magazine. 146 (4): 602–616. Bibcode:2009GeoM..146..602K. doi:10.1017/S0016756809005950. ISSN 0016-7568. S2CID 128877571.

[:0-7] D. Sigogneau-Russell. 1991. Nouveaux Mammiferes theriens du Cretace inferieur du Maroc. Comptes-Rendus de l'Academis des Sciences du Paris, series II 313:279-285

[Sigogneau-Russell,_D._1995_p.149-162-8] Sigogneau-Russell D (1995). "Two possibly aquatic triconodont mammals from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 40 (2): 149–162. ISSN 0567-7920. OCLC 5866546938.

[9] Lasseron, Maxime (October–November 2019). "Enigmatic teeth from the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition of Morocco: The latest known non-mammaliaform cynodonts (Synapsida, Cynodontia) from Africa?". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 18 (7): 897–907. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2019.05.002.

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