LY6/PLAUR Domain Containing 6B, also known under the name Cancer/Testis Antigen 116 (CTA116) and LYPD7 is encoded by the LYPD6Bgene.[5] LYPD6B is a member of the lymphocyte antigen 6 (LY6) protein family. It is expressed in the testis, lungs, stomach, prostate and in the nervous system where it acts as a modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) activity.
As a member of the Ly-6/uPAR family, the protein contains a disulfide β-structural core and three protruding loops.[7]
Background[]
The protein was discovered for the first time in a 2009 study; its presence was detected in the cytoplasm and it was associated with activation of the AP-1 transcription factor.[8] LYPD6B is known as a prototoxin due to its structural similarity with the 3-fingered snake venom proteins α-bungarotoxin and cobratoxin.[9] As a prototoxin, LYPD6B also belongs to the protein family of Ly-6/urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (Ly6/uPAR). It has a 3-fingered motif secondary structure which appears due to the presence of 8–10 cysteine residues that facilitate disulfide bond formation.[9]
Role[]
The protein is expressed in the nervous system where it acts as an enhancer of the activity of the neurotransmitteracetylcholine certain α7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which have a role in learning.[9] A duplication of the gene has been detected in a case study of two individuals with severe intellectual disability, suggesting its role in proper brain development and cognitive function.[10] Additionally, the protein demonstrates high expression in several other normal organs including the testis, lungs, stomach, and prostate.[11]
Hypermethylation of the gene and a subsequent decreased expression has been demonstrated as one of the contributors to the invasive capacity of cancer cells in melanoma.[12]
The protein LYPD6 also leads to an increase in Wnt/β-catenin signaling.[7]
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