Labor Defender
Categories | Communist |
---|---|
Frequency | Monthly |
Publisher | International Labor Defense |
Paid circulation | 5,500 |
Unpaid circulation | 16,500 (bundle sales) |
Total circulation (1928) | 22,000 |
Founder | International Labor Defense |
Year founded | January 1926 |
First issue | January 1926 |
Final issue Number | December 1937 Volume 13, No. 11 |
Country | United States of America |
Based in | New York City |
Language | English |
Labor Defender (1926–1937) was a magazine published by the International Labor Defense (ILD), itself a legal advocacy organization established in 1925 as the American section of the Comintern's International Red Aid network and thus as support to the Communist Party (which in 1926 was legally the Workers Party of America).[1]
History[]
In January 1926, the ILD began publishing Labor Defender, as a monthly, profusely illustrated magazine with a low cover price of 10 cents. Magazine circulation boomed. It rose from some 1,500 paid subscriptions and 8,500 copies in bulk bundle sales in 1927 to some 5,500 paid subscriptions with a bundle sale of 16,500 by mid-1928. This mid-1928 circulation figure was said by Assistant Secretary to be "greater than the combined circulation of The Daily Worker, Labor Unity, and combined."[2]
Outlook[]
Labor Defender depicted a black-and-white world of heroic trade unionists and dastardly factory owners, of oppressed African Americans struggling for freedom against the Ku Klux Klan and the use of state terror to stifle and divide and destroy all opposition.[3] Writers included both non-party voices such as novelist Upton Sinclair, former Wobbly poet Ralph Chaplin, and Socialist Party leader Eugene V. Debs, as well as prominent Communists such as trade union leader William Z. Foster, cartoonist Robert Minor, and Benjamin Gitlow, a former political prisoner in New York.[3]
The magazine made a constant plea for additional funds for jailed labor activists across the country. A regular column called "Voices from Prison" highlighted the plight of those behind bars and reinforced the message that good work was being done on the behalf of the so-called "class war prisoners" of America.[4]
Masthead[]
The magazine's masthead included:[1]
1926[]
January–August 1926
- Editor:
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Andrew T. McNamara (Chairman), (Vice Chairman), James P. Cannon (Executive Secretary)
September–December 1926
- Editor: Max Shachtman
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Andrew T. McNamara (Chairman), (Vice Chairman), James P. Cannon (Executive Secretary)
1927[]
- Editor: Max Shachtman
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (Chairman), (Vice Chairman), James P. Cannon (Executive Secretary)
1928[]
January–November 1928
- Editor: Max Shachtman
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (Chairman), (Vice Chairman), James P. Cannon (Executive Secretary)
December 1928
- Editor:
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (Chairman), (Assistant Secretary), Alfred Wagenknecht (Executive Secretary)
1929[]
January–April 1929
- Editor:
- Business: George Maurer
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (Chairman), (Assistant Secretary), Alfred Wagenknecht (Executive Secretary)
May–June 1929
- Editor:
- Business: Walt Carmon
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (Chairman), (Vice Chairman), Juliet Poyntz (Executive Secretary), (Assistant Secretary)
July–August 1929
- Editor:
- Business: Walt Carmon
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (Chairman), (Vice Chairman), Alfred Wagenknecht (Executive Secretary)
September–December 1929
- Editor: J. Louis Engdahl
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (Chairman), (Vice Chairman), J. Louis Engdahl (Executive Secretary)
1930[]
January–February 1930
- Editor: J. Louis Engdahl
- National Officers: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (Chairman), (Vice Chairman), J. Louis Engdahl (Executive Secretary)
March–June 1930
- Editor: J. Louis Engdahl
- Associate Editor: Sol Auerbach
- National Officers: J. Louis Engdahl (General Secretary), (Assistant Secretary), A. Jakira (Organizational Secretary)
July–December 1930
- Editor: J. Louis Engdahl
- Associate Editor: Sol Auerbach
- National Officers: J. Louis Engdahl (General Secretary), Sam Darcy (Assistant Secretary), A. Jakira (Organizational Secretary)
1931[]
- Managing Editor: Sender Garlin
- Editors: William L. Patterson,
- Associate Editor: Sol Auerbach
1932[]
January–September 1932
- Editors: J. Louis Engdahl, Sender Garlin,
October–December 1932
- Editors: J. Louis Engdahl,
- Associate Editors: ,
1933[]
- Editors: William L. Patterson,
- Associate Editors: ,
1934[]
January 1934
- Managing Editor: Sender Garlin
- Editors: William L. Patterson,
February–December 1934
- Managing Editor: Sender Garlin
- Editors: William L. Patterson,
- Associate Editor:
1935[]
January–June 1935
- Managing Editor:
- Editors: William L. Patterson,
- Associate Editor:
- Art Editor: Limbach
July–December 1935
- Editors: William L. Patterson,
- Associate Editor:
1936[]
January–March 1936
- Editors: William L. Patterson,
- Associate Editor:
April–May 1936
- Editor:
- Pacific Coast Editor:
- Editorial Board: , , , Joseph Freeman, Jerre Mangione, Robert Minor, ,
- Contributing Editors: Jack Conroy, Langston Hughes, John Howard Lawson, Waldo Frank
June–December 1936
- Editor:
- Pacific Coast Editor:
- Editorial Board: , , , Joseph Freeman, Jerre Mangione, Robert Minor, ,
- Contributing Editors: Jack Conroy, Langston Hughes, John Howard Lawson, Waldo Frank
1937[]
- Editor:
- Pacific Coast Editor:
- Editorial Board: , , , Joseph Freeman, Jerre Mangione, Robert Minor, ,
- Contributing Editors: Jack Conroy, Langston Hughes, John Howard Lawson, Waldo Frank
Pamphlet series[]
The magazine also published occasional pamphlets:[1]
- Under Arrest! Worker’s Self-Defense in the Courts (1928)
- Smash the Frame up Against the Anthracite Miners—Free Boniat, Mendola and Moleski by B. F. Gebert (1928)
- Sedition to Protest and Organize Against War Hunger Unemployment by J. L. Engdahl (1930)
- The Story of the Imperial Valley by Frank Spector (introduction by ) (1931)
- Tampa’s Reign of Terror by Anita Brenner and (1933)
- Night Riders in Gallup by (1935)
- You Cannot Kill the Working-Class by Angelo Herndon (1936)
See also[]
- New Masses magazine
- Daily Worker newspaper
- The Masses
- The Liberator
- International Labor Defense
- International Red Aid
- Workers Party of America
- Comintern
References[]
- ^ a b c "Labor Defender: Journal of the International Labor Defense". International Labor Defense. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- ^ Abern, Martin (1992). "International Labor Defense Activities (1 January - 1 July 1928)". James P. Cannon and the Early Years of American Communism. New York: Prometheus Research Library. p. 537.
- ^ a b Milton Cantor, "Labor Defender: Chicago and New York, 1926-1937; Equal Justice: New York, 1937-1942," in Joseph R. Conlin (ed.), The American Radical Press, 1880-1960: Volume 1. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1974; pg. 250.
- ^ Cantor, "Labor Defender...Equal Justice," pg. 253.
External sources[]
- "Labor Defender: Journal of the International Labor Defense". International Labor Defense. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
- WorldCat
- Communist periodicals published in the United States
- Communist magazines
- Defunct political magazines published in the United States
- Magazines established in 1926
- Magazines disestablished in 1937
- Magazines published in New York City
- Marxist magazines
- Monthly magazines published in the United States