Liberty (1881–1908)
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 First issue of Liberty (August 6, 1881) | |
| Type | Political philosophy |
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| Format | Biweekly newspaper |
| Editor | Benjamin Tucker |
| Founded | 1881 |
| Political alignment | Anarchism Libertarian Socialism Mutualism |
| Language | English |
| Ceased publication | 1908 |
| Headquarters | Boston, Massachusetts |
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Liberty was a 19th-century anarchist market socialist[1] and libertarian socialist[2] periodical published in the United States by Benjamin Tucker from August 1881 to April 1908.
It was instrumental in developing and formalizing the American individualist anarchist market socialist philosophy, publishing essays and serving as a format for debate.
Contributors included Tucker, Lysander Spooner, Auberon Herbert, Dyer Lum, Joshua K. Ingalls, John Henry Mackay, Victor Yarros, Wordsworth Donisthorpe, James L. Walker, J. William Lloyd, Voltairine de Cleyre, Steven T. Byington, John Beverley Robinson, Jo Labadie and Henry Appleton. Its masthead featured a quote from Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, that liberty is "Not the Daughter But the Mother of Order".
Purpose[]
Benjamin Tucker was an American individualist anarchist and made it clear that the purpose of the journal was to further his point of view, saying in the first issue:
The journal will be edited to suit its editor, not its readers. He hopes that what suits him will suit them; but, if not, it will make no difference. No subscriber, or body of subscribers, will be allowed to govern his course, dictate his policy, or prescribe his methods. Liberty is published for the very definite purpose of spreading certain ideas, and no claim will be admitted, on any pretext of freedom of speech, to waste its limited space in hindering the attainment of that object. We are not afraid of discussion, and shall do what we can to make room for short, serious, and well-considered objection to our views.
However, the journal did become a forum for argumentation about diverse views and Tucker credited both Josiah Warren and the social anarchist Proudhon as influences for Liberty. For instance, says of Proudhon the following: "Liberty is a journal brought into existence almost as a direct consequences of the teachings of Proudhon" (Liberty I). He later said that Liberty was "the foremost organ of Josiah Warren's doctrines" (Liberty IX).
Revival[]
In 1974, an attempt to revive Tucker's Liberty was undertaken by some of Laurance Labadie's associates. Edited by Earl Foley and Walter Carroll, it billed itself as "The Revival of Liberty". The first issue contained articles by Labadie, Lynne Farrow and Earl Foley. Its editorial says: "We align ourselves with the Individualist Anarchist tradition of Josiah Warren and Benjamin Tucker". However, the revival did not survive past the first issue.[3]
In 2007, mutualist archivist Shawn P. Wilbur used microfiche obtained from Libertarian Microfiche Publishing to release the first full-text digital archive of Liberty.[4]
See also[]
- Individualist anarchism
- Individualist anarchism in the United States
- Libertarian socialism
- List of anarchist periodicals
- Lucifer the Lightbearer (1883–1907)
References[]
- ^ McKay, Iain. An Anarchist FAQ. AK Press. Oakland. 2008. pp 60.
- ^ McKay, Iain. An Anarchist FAQ. AK Press. Oakland. 2008. pp 22
- ^ "Laurance Labadie: Keeper of the Flame".
- ^ "Index of Liberty" Archived 2010-08-07 at the Wayback Machine (2007).
External links[]
- Complete archive of Liberty and Libertas at the Libertarian Labyrinth
- Individual Liberty a collection of many of Tucker's publications from Liberty
- Comprehensive Index to Liberty
- Benjamin Tucker, Liberty, and Individualist Anarchism by Wendy McElroy
- Benjamin R Tucker & the Champions of Liberty: A Centenary Anthology edited by Michael E. Coughlin, Charles H. Hamilton and Mark A. Sullivan
- The English Individualists As They Appear In Liberty by Carl Watner
- Benjamin Tucker and His Periodical, Liberty by Carl Watner
- Liberty and Taxation by Benjamin Tucker
- 1881 establishments in Massachusetts
- 1908 disestablishments in Massachusetts
- Biweekly magazines published in the United States
- Anarchist periodicals published in the United States
- Defunct political magazines published in the United States
- Individualist anarchist publications
- Magazines established in 1881
- Magazines disestablished in 1908
- Magazines published in Boston