Lili Garel

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Élise Garel, known as Lili (born Tager in Paris on July 5, 1921 and died in Paris on November 9, 2013) was a French Jewish resistance fighter who, with her husband Georges Garel, saved many Jewish children during the Shoah.

Biography[]

Élise Tager[1] was born in 1921 in Paris.

Her parents were Russian Jews who emigrated to France in 1919. She participated in the Demonstration of 11 November 1940 of high school and college students at Place de l'Etoile and was imprisoned as a Jew for three months in Fresnes Prison. She took refuge in Lyon at the end of 1941.[2]

Resistant[]

Lili Garel, as a courier between Nice and Lyon, participated in the rescue of Jewish children, with her husband, Georges Garel. After the war, Georges Garel became firstly director general, then president of l'Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE).[3][4]

Her resistance name was Elisabeth-Jeanne Tissier.[5]

She was imprisoned at Fort Montluc in Lyon.[6]

During the 'night of Vénissieux' (August 28-29, 1943), one hundred and eight Jewish children and eighty adults were taken out of the internment camp in Vénissieux (Lyon metropolitan area) and saved from deportation.[7] Shortly after this event, in 1943 Lili Tager and Georges Garel got married.[8] Vénissieux marked the beginning of Georges Garel's action in the field with the OSE, until then he had been an engineer in Lyon, and it was also Lili Tager's first involvement in the field. At 20 years of age, she had just been hired in the OSE office in Lyon, as a part-time secretary and as a social worker. Years later, she had not forgotten the "nightmare" of Vénissieux.[9][10][11]

Memoirs of Georges Garel[]

As Katy Hazan notes in the preface to Georges Garel's book, this work was published with the "tenacious will" of Lili Garel.[12]

Family[]

Georges and Lise Garel had seven children:[5] Jean-Renaud, polytechnician and biochemist; Anne, doctor; Michel, curator of Hebrew manuscripts at the National Library of France; Laurent, doctor; Thomas, normalien and physicist; Denis, doctor; and Nathalie, publicist.[13]

Georges Garel died in 1979.

Lili Garel died in Paris on 9 November 2013, at the age of 93.[1]

Honours[]

  • Honoured at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., in November 2000.
  • The headquarters of the Children's Aid Work (OSE) at 11 Rue du Faubourg-du-Temple in Paris, until then known as the 'Centre Georges Garel', became the 'Centre Georges and Lili Garel', on 23 June 2014.[14]

Film[]

Historian Valérie Perthuis-Portheret made a film which chronicles the life of Lili Garel, and in particular her role in the 'night of Vénissieux.[15]

Bibliography[]

  • Deborah Dwork, Children with a Star: Jewish Youth in Nazi Europe. Yale University Press, 1993. ISBN 0300054475, ISBN 9780300054477
  • Valérie Perthuis, Le sauvetage des enfants juifs du camp de Vénissieux : août 1942, (tr. "The Rescue of Jewish Children from the Vénissieux Camp: August 19422), Lyon, Editions lyonnaises d'art et d'histoire, 1997, 126 p. (ISBN 2-84147-048-2)
  • Deborah Dwork & Robert Jan Pelt. Holocaust: A History. W.W. Norton & Company, 2002. ISBN 0393051889, ISBN 9780393051889
  • Georges Garel. Le sauvetage des enfants juifs par l'OSE. (tr. "The rescue of Jewish children by the OSE"). Editions Le Manuscrit, 2012. ISBN 2304040462, ISBN 9782304040463

References[]

  1. ^ a b Lili Garel nous a quittés à la mi-novembre (tr, "Lili Garel passed away in mid-November") pmhdieulefit.org, accessed 23 February 2021
  2. ^ La Lettre: Section 'ILS NOUS ONT QUITTE' www.mrj-moi.com, accessed 23 February 2021
  3. ^ Hommage à Lili Garel www.ose-france.org, accessed 23 February 2021
  4. ^ Inauguration de la Fresque en hommage aux sauveteurs de l'OSE 25 May 2010 www.lesenfantsetamisabadi.fr, accessed 23 February 2021
  5. ^ a b Sauver les enfants durant l'Occupation en France 25 March 2018 www.jforum.fr, accessed 23 February 2021
  6. ^ Dévoilement de plaque en hommage à Charles Lederman 5 November 2009 data.over-blog-kiwi.com, accessed 23 February 2021
  7. ^ Hommage appuyé à Lili Garel au siège de l'OSE www.ose-france.org, accessed 23 February 2021
  8. ^ Mesurer l'efficacité d'un réseau de sauvetage d'enfantsjuifs : l'exemple du circuit Garel (Lyon, 1942-1944) Cindy Banse, Laurent Beauguitte April 2015 hal.archives-ouvertes.fr, accessed 23 February 2021
  9. ^ Deborah Dwork & Robert Jan Pelt. Holocaust: A History, 2002, p. 334
  10. ^ Soixante-dix ans après le sauvetage des enfants juifs du camp de Vénissieux, elles se souviennent (tr. "Seventy years after the rescue of Jewish children from the Vénissieux camp, they remember ") 31 August 2012 www.lyoncapitale.fr, accessed 23 February 2021
  11. ^ Événement unique dans l'histoire de la persécution, le sauvetage des enfants juifs de Vénissieux (tr. "Unique event in the history of the persecution, the rescue of the Jewish children of Vénissieux ") 31 August 2012 www.expressions-venissieux.fr, accessed 23 February 2021
  12. ^ Georges Garel Le sauvetage des enfants juifs par l'OSE via books.google.co.uk, ISBN 9782304040463 accessed 23 February 2021
  13. ^ Spécial Guerres n°1 fév/mar 2014 preprod.1001mags.com, accessed 16 September 2020
  14. ^ Dévoilement de deux nouvelles plaques au siège de l'OSE en présence du Grand Rabbin de France (tr. "Unveiling of two new plaques at OSE headquarters in the presence of the Chief Rabbi of France") www.ose-france.org, accessed 23 February 2021
  15. ^ Hommage appuyé à Lili Garel au siège de l'OSE www.ose-france.org, accessed 23 February 2021
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