Liothorax kraatzi

Liothorax kraatzi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Polyphaga
Superfamily:	Cucujoidea
Family:	Scarabaeidae
Subfamily:	Aphodiinae
Genus:	Liothorax
Species:	L. kraatzi
Binomial name
	Liothorax kraatzi; (Harold, 1868)
Synonyms
	Aphodius kraatzi Harold, 1868; Aphodius graecus Motschulsky in Harold, 1871; Aphodius (Nialus) kraatzi Reitter 1892; Aphodius (Nialus) kraatzi ab. castanopterus Endrödi 1955; Aphodius (Liothorax) kraatzi Dellacasa 1983; Nialus haagi Ádám 1994;

Liothorax kraatzi, is a species of dung beetle with a widespread distribution from Southeastern Europe, Asia Minor, to Caucasus, and Central Asia.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Description[]

This small shiny, cylindrical beetle has the average length about 4.0 to 5.0 mm. Body elongate, convex, and glabrous. Body black in color with pale brown antennal club. Legs are reddish brown. Anteriorly gibbose head at middle with fine punctures. Clypeus weakly sinuate with a rounded genae. Pronotum convex, and transverse. Pronotum has dual, irregular, dense punctures. Scutellum consists with sparse punctures. Elytra elongate, parallel-sided with deep striae and distinct punctures.^[1]

Adults are saprophagous and stenotopic.^[1] They most inhabits open habitats, such as damp soil. Beetles are usually abundant during late spring, summer, and autumn.^[4] Some specimens have been collected from horse dung.^[5]

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c "Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)" (PDF). Zootaxa 1407: 23–42 (2007). Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^ Gavrilović, B.; Ćurčić, S. B. (2010). "Diversity of species of the family Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in Serbia". Archives of Biological Sciences. pp. 755–765. doi:10.2298/abs1003755g. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
^ "Contributions to the knowledge Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Bulgaria. Part I. Results of the Expeditions 1996 and 1998" (PDF). Wiad. entomol. 19 (2): 85-92 Poznań 2000. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^ "Seasonal dynamics of scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia) in Voronezh Province". Entomological Review volume 89, pages113–115 (2009). Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^ "New records of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) from Bulgaria" (PDF). Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem. 57: 17-29, 1993. Retrieved 2021-07-15.

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[Zootaxa-1] "Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)" (PDF). Zootaxa 1407: 23–42 (2007). Retrieved 2021-07-15.

[2] Gavrilović, B.; Ćurčić, S. B. (2010). "Diversity of species of the family Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in Serbia". Archives of Biological Sciences. pp. 755–765. doi:10.2298/abs1003755g. Retrieved 2021-07-16.

[3] "Contributions to the knowledge Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Bulgaria. Part I. Results of the Expeditions 1996 and 1998" (PDF). Wiad. entomol. 19 (2): 85-92 Poznań 2000. Retrieved 2021-07-15.

[4] "Seasonal dynamics of scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia) in Voronezh Province". Entomological Review volume 89, pages113–115 (2009). Retrieved 2021-07-15.

[5] "New records of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) from Bulgaria" (PDF). Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem. 57: 17-29, 1993. Retrieved 2021-07-15.

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