List of Alabama Crimson Tide bowl games
The Alabama Crimson Tide football team competes as part of the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), representing the University of Alabama in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Since the establishment of the team in 1892, Alabama has appeared in 73 bowl games.[1][2] Included in these games are 40 combined appearances in the traditional "big four" bowl games (the Rose, Sugar, Cotton, and Orange), 6 Bowl Championship Series (BCS) game appearances (including three victories in the BCS National Championship Game) and six appearances in the College Football Playoff, and three victories in the College Football Playoff National Championship Game.[2][3][4]
Alabama's first bowl game was in 1926, when Wallace Wade led them to the first of three Rose Bowls during his tenure and defeated Washington 20–19.[5] Taking over for Wade following the 1930 season, between 1931 and 1946 Frank Thomas led Alabama to six bowl appearances including three Rose, and one trip each to the Cotton, Orange and Sugar Bowls.[6] After Thomas, Harold Drew led Alabama to the Sugar, Orange and Cotton Bowls between 1947 and 1954.[7] After a five-year bowl absence, Alabama made the first of 24 consecutive bowl appearances under Paul "Bear" Bryant in the 1959 Liberty Bowl.[8] From 1959 to 1982, Bryant led the Crimson Tide to eight Sugar, five Orange, four Cotton, four Liberty, two Bluebonnet and one Gator Bowls.[8]
After Bryant retired, Ray Perkins extended Alabama's consecutive bowl game streak to 25 years with a victory in the 1983 Sun Bowl.[9] However, the streak ended when the 1984 team finished the season with a record of five wins and six losses and failed to qualify for a bowl for the first time in 26 years.[10] The bowl absence lasted only one season as Perkins led the Crimson Tide to wins in both the Aloha and Sun Bowls before he resigned as head coach following the 1986 season.[11] Bill Curry continued the bowl tradition and led the Crimson Tide to Hall of Fame, Sun and Sugar Bowl appearances in his three seasons as head coach.[12] After Curry, Gene Stallings took Alabama to the Fiesta, Blockbuster, Gator, Citrus and Outback Bowls.[13] Stallings also led the Crimson Tide to victory in the first Bowl Coalition national championship game with a 34–13 victory over Miami in the Sugar Bowl.[14][15] In August 1995, as part of the penalty imposed by the NCAA for rules violations, Alabama was ruled ineligible to participate in the 1995 bowl season.[16]
Following the retirement of Stallings, Mike DuBose was hired as head coach.[17] After failing to qualify for a bowl game in 1997, DuBose led the Crimson Tide to the inaugural Music City Bowl and Alabama's first BCS bowl berth in the Orange Bowl.[3][18] After again failing to qualify for a bowl in 2000, DuBose was fired and Dennis Franchione was hired as head coach.[19] In his first season, Franchione led Alabama to the Independence Bowl.[18] In February 2002, the NCAA found Alabama violated multiple rules, and as part of its penalty a two-year bowl ban was imposed to include both the 2002 and 2003 seasons.[20] Eligible again to compete in bowl games, Mike Shula led Alabama to the Music City Bowl and a victory in the Cotton Bowl.[18] However, in 2009, Alabama was again found to have violated NCAA rules between 2005 and 2007 and as part of their penalty, the 2006 Cotton Bowl Classic victory was officially vacated.[21] In the week following the 2006 loss to Auburn, Shula was fired and Joe Kines served as interim head coach for the Independence Bowl loss.[18][22]
In January 2007, Nick Saban was hired as head coach, and has led the Crimson Tide to 15 bowl appearances in his twelve seasons at Alabama.[23] After defeating Colorado in the Independence Bowl, Saban led Alabama to their second BCS bowl against Utah in the Sugar Bowl.[3][23] In 2009, Saban led the Crimson Tide to the BCS National Championship Game, and defeated Texas 37–21 to clinch the program's first national title of the BCS era.[3][23] A year after Alabama defeated Michigan State in the 2011 Capital One Bowl, the Crimson Tide defeated LSU in the BCS National Championship Game to clinch the program's second national title of the BCS era.[24][25] The following season, the Crimson Tide won their second consecutive BCS National Championship Game by a final score of 42–14 over Notre Dame.[26] In their latest bowl appearance, Alabama defeated Ohio State in the 2021 College Football Playoff National Championship.[27] The win brings Alabama's overall bowl record to 44 wins, 26 losses, and 3 ties, placing the Crimson Tide in first place among all FBS schools for both bowl appearances and victories.[1]
Key[]
|
|
|
Bowl games[]
# | Bowl[2] | Score[A 2] | Date | Season[A 3] | Opponent[A 4] | Stadium | Location | Attendance[28] | Head coach |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rose Bowl | W 20–19 | January 1, 1926 | 1925 | Washington Huskies | Rose Bowl | Pasadena | 50,000 | Wallace Wade |
2 | Rose Bowl | T 7–7 | January 1, 1927 | 1926 | Stanford | Rose Bowl | Pasadena | 57,417 | Wallace Wade |
3 | Rose Bowl | W 24–0 | January 1, 1931 | 1930 | Washington State Cougars | Rose Bowl | Pasadena | 60,000 | Wallace Wade |
4 | Rose Bowl | W 29–13 | January 1, 1935 | 1934 | Stanford Indians | Rose Bowl | Pasadena | 84,474 | Frank Thomas |
5 | Rose Bowl | L 0–13 | January 1, 1938 | 1937 | California Golden Bears | Rose Bowl | Pasadena | 90,000 | Frank Thomas |
6 | Cotton Bowl Classic | W 29–21 | January 1, 1942 | 1941 | Texas A&M Aggies | Cotton Bowl | Dallas | 38,000 | Frank Thomas |
7 | Orange Bowl | W 37–21 | January 1, 1943 | 1942 | Boston College Eagles | Orange Bowl | Miami | 25,166 | Frank Thomas |
8 | Sugar Bowl | L 26–29 | January 1, 1945 | 1944 | Duke Blue Devils | Tulane Stadium | New Orleans | 72,000 | Frank Thomas |
9 | Rose Bowl | W 34–14 | January 1, 1946 | 1945 | USC Trojans | Rose Bowl | Pasadena | 93,000 | Frank Thomas |
10 | Sugar Bowl | L 7–27 | January 1, 1948 | 1947 | Texas Longhorns | Tulane Stadium | New Orleans | 72,000 | Harold Drew |
11 | Orange Bowl | W 61–6 | January 1, 1953 | 1952 | Syracuse Orangemen | Orange Bowl | Miami | 66,280 | Harold Drew |
12 | Cotton Bowl Classic | L 6–28 | January 1, 1954 | 1953 | Rice Owls | Cotton Bowl | Dallas | 75,504 | Harold Drew |
13 | Liberty Bowl | L 0–7 | December 19, 1959 | 1959 | Penn State Nittany Lions | Philadelphia Municipal Stadium[A 5] | Philadelphia | 36,211 | Bear Bryant |
14 | Bluebonnet Bowl | T 3–3 | December 17, 1960 | 1960 | Texas Longhorns | Rice Stadium | Houston | 68,000 | Bear Bryant |
15 | Sugar Bowl | W 10–3 | January 1, 1962 | 1961 | Arkansas Razorbacks | Tulane Stadium | New Orleans | 82,910 | Bear Bryant |
16 | Orange Bowl | W 17–0 | January 1, 1963 | 1962 | Oklahoma Sooners | Orange Bowl | Miami | 72,880 | Bear Bryant |
17 | Sugar Bowl | W 12–7 | January 1, 1964 | 1963 | Ole Miss Rebels | Tulane Stadium | New Orleans | 80,785 | Bear Bryant |
18 | Orange Bowl | L 17–21 | January 1, 1965 | 1964 | Texas Longhorns | Orange Bowl | Miami | 72,647 | Bear Bryant |
19 | Orange Bowl | W 39–28 | January 1, 1966 | 1965 | Nebraska Cornhuskers | Orange Bowl | Miami | 72,214 | Bear Bryant |
20 | Sugar Bowl | W 34–7 | January 2, 1967 | 1966 | Nebraska Cornhuskers | Tulane Stadium | New Orleans | 82,000 | Bear Bryant |
21 | Cotton Bowl Classic | L 16–20 | January 1, 1968 | 1967 | Texas A&M Aggies | Cotton Bowl | Dallas | 75,504 | Bear Bryant |
22 | Gator Bowl | L 10–35 | December 28, 1968 | 1968 | Missouri Tigers | Gator Bowl Stadium | Jacksonville | 68,011 | Bear Bryant |
23 | Liberty Bowl | L 33–47 | December 13, 1969 | 1969 | Colorado Buffaloes | Memphis Memorial Stadium[A 6] | Memphis | 50,042 | Bear Bryant |
24 | Bluebonnet Bowl | T 24–24 | December 31, 1970 | 1970 | Oklahoma Sooners | Houston Astrodome | Houston | 53,829 | Bear Bryant |
25 | Orange Bowl | L 6–38 | January 1, 1972 | 1971 | Nebraska Cornhuskers | Orange Bowl | Miami | 78,151 | Bear Bryant |
26 | Cotton Bowl Classic | L 13–17 | January 1, 1973 | 1972 | Texas Longhorns | Cotton Bowl | Dallas | 72,000 | Bear Bryant |
27 | Sugar Bowl | L 23–24 | December 31, 1973 | 1973 | Notre Dame Fighting Irish | Tulane Stadium | New Orleans | 85,161 | Bear Bryant |
28 | Orange Bowl | L 11–13 | January 1, 1975 | 1974 | Notre Dame Fighting Irish | Orange Bowl | Miami | 71,801 | Bear Bryant |
29 | Sugar Bowl | W 13–6 | December 31, 1975 | 1975 | Penn State Nittany Lions | Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans | 75,212 | Bear Bryant |
30 | Liberty Bowl | W 36–6 | December 20, 1976 | 1976 | UCLA Bruins | Memphis Memorial Stadium[A 6] | Memphis | 52,736 | Bear Bryant |
31 | Sugar Bowl | W 35–6 | January 2, 1978 | 1977 | Ohio State Buckeyes | Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans | 76,811 | Bear Bryant |
32 | Sugar Bowl | W 14–7 | January 1, 1979 | 1978 | Penn State Nittany Lions | Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans | 76,824 | Bear Bryant |
33 | Sugar Bowl | W 24–9 | January 1, 1980 | 1979 | Arkansas Razorbacks | Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans | 77,486 | Bear Bryant |
34 | Cotton Bowl Classic | W 30–2 | January 1, 1981 | 1980 | Baylor Bears | Cotton Bowl | Dallas | 74,281 | Bear Bryant |
35 | Cotton Bowl Classic | L 12–14 | January 1, 1982 | 1981 | Texas Longhorns | Cotton Bowl | Dallas | 73,243 | Bear Bryant |
36 | Liberty Bowl | W 21–15 | December 29, 1982 | 1982 | Illinois Fighting Illini | Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium | Memphis | 54,123 | Bear Bryant |
37 | Sun Bowl | W 28–7 | December 24, 1983 | 1983 | SMU Mustangs | Sun Bowl Stadium | El Paso | 41,412 | Ray Perkins |
38 | Aloha Bowl | W 24–3 | December 28, 1985 | 1985 | USC Trojans | Aloha Stadium | Honolulu | 35,183 | Ray Perkins |
39 | Sun Bowl | W 28–6 | December 25, 1986 | 1986 | Washington Huskies | Sun Bowl Stadium | El Paso | 48,722 | Ray Perkins |
40 | Hall of Fame Bowl[A 7] | L 24–28 | January 2, 1988 | 1987 | Michigan Wolverines | Tampa Stadium | Tampa | 60,156 | Bill Curry |
41 | Sun Bowl | W 29–28 | December 24, 1988 | 1988 | Army | Sun Bowl Stadium | El Paso | 48,719 | Bill Curry |
42 | Sugar Bowl | L 25–33 | January 1, 1990 | 1989 | Miami Hurricanes | Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans | 77,452 | Bill Curry |
43 | Fiesta Bowl | L 7–34 | January 1, 1991 | 1990 | Louisville Cardinals | Sun Devil Stadium | Tempe | 69,098 | Gene Stallings |
44 | Blockbuster Bowl[A 8] | W 30–25 | December 28, 1991 | 1991 | Colorado Buffaloes | Joe Robbie Stadium | Miami Gardens | 52,644 | Gene Stallings |
45 | Sugar Bowl* | W 34–13 | January 1, 1993 | 1992 | Miami Hurricanes | Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans | 76,789 | Gene Stallings |
46 | Gator Bowl | W 24–10 | December 31, 1993 | 1993 | North Carolina Tar Heels | Gator Bowl Stadium | Jacksonville | 67,205 | Gene Stallings |
47 | Citrus Bowl[A 9] | W 24–17 | January 2, 1995 | 1994 | Ohio State Buckeyes | Citrus Bowl[A 10] | Orlando | 71,195 | Gene Stallings |
48 | Outback Bowl[A 7] | W 17–14 | January 1, 1997 | 1996 | Michigan Wolverines | Tampa Stadium | Tampa | 53,161 | Gene Stallings |
49 | Music City Bowl | L 7–38 | December 28, 1998 | 1998 | Virginia Tech Hokies | Vanderbilt Stadium | Nashville | 41,248 | Mike DuBose |
50 | Orange Bowl | L 34–35 | January 1, 2000 | 1999 | Michigan Wolverines | Pro Player Stadium[A 11] | Miami Gardens | 70,461 | Mike DuBose |
51 | Independence Bowl | W 14–13 | December 27, 2001 | 2001 | Iowa State Cyclones | Independence Stadium | Shreveport | 45,627 | Dennis Franchione |
52 | Music City Bowl | L 16–20 | December 31, 2004 | 2004 | Minnesota Golden Gophers | The Coliseum[A 12] | Nashville | 66,089 | Mike Shula |
53 | Cotton Bowl Classic[A 13] | W 13–10 | January 1, 2006 | 2005 | Texas Tech Red Raiders | Cotton Bowl | Dallas | 74,222 | Mike Shula |
54 | Independence Bowl | L 31–34 | December 28, 2006 | 2006 | Oklahoma State Cowboys | Independence Stadium | Shreveport | 45,054 | Joe Kines[A 14] |
55 | Independence Bowl | W 30–24 | December 30, 2007 | 2007 | Colorado Buffaloes | Independence Stadium | Shreveport | 47,043 | Nick Saban |
56 | Sugar Bowl | L 17–31 | January 2, 2009 | 2008 | Utah Utes | Louisiana Superdome | New Orleans | 71,872 | Nick Saban |
57 | BCS National Championship Game* | W 37–21 | January 7, 2010 | 2009 | Texas Longhorns | Rose Bowl | Pasadena | 94,906 | Nick Saban |
58 | Capital One Bowl[A 9] | W 49–7 | January 1, 2011 | 2010 | Michigan State Spartans | Citrus Bowl[A 10] | Orlando | 61,519 | Nick Saban |
59 | BCS National Championship Game* | W 21–0 | January 9, 2012 | 2011 | LSU Tigers | Mercedes-Benz Superdome[A 15] | New Orleans | 78,237 | Nick Saban |
60 | BCS National Championship Game* | W 42–14 | January 7, 2013 | 2012 | Notre Dame Fighting Irish | Sun Life Stadium[A 11] | Miami Gardens | 80,120 | Nick Saban |
61 | Sugar Bowl | L 31–45 | January 2, 2014 | 2013 | Oklahoma Sooners | Mercedes-Benz Superdome[A 15] | New Orleans | 70,473 | Nick Saban |
62 | Sugar Bowl§ | L 35–42 | January 1, 2015 | 2014 | Ohio State Buckeyes | Mercedes-Benz Superdome[A 15] | New Orleans | 74,682 | Nick Saban |
63 | Cotton Bowl Classic§ | W 38–0 | December 31, 2015 | 2015 | Michigan State Spartans | AT&T Stadium | Arlington | 82,812 | Nick Saban |
64 | CFP National Championship* | W 45–40 | January 11, 2016 | Clemson Tigers | University of Phoenix Stadium[A 16] | Glendale | 75,765 | Nick Saban | |
65 | Peach Bowl§ | W 24–7 | December 31, 2016 | 2016 | Washington Huskies | Georgia Dome | Atlanta | 79,996 | Nick Saban |
66 | CFP National Championship* | L 31–35 | January 9, 2017 | Clemson Tigers | Raymond James Stadium | Tampa | 74,512 | Nick Saban | |
67 | Sugar Bowl§ | W 24–6 | January 1, 2018 | 2017 | Clemson Tigers | Mercedes-Benz Superdome | New Orleans | 72,360 | Nick Saban |
68 | CFP National Championship* | W 26–23 | January 8, 2018 | Georgia Bulldogs | Mercedes-Benz Stadium | Atlanta | 77,430 | Nick Saban | |
69 | Orange Bowl§ | W 45–34 | December 29, 2018 | 2018 | Oklahoma Sooners | Hard Rock Stadium[A 11] | Miami Gardens | 66,203 | Nick Saban |
70 | CFP National Championship* | L 16–44 | January 7, 2019 | Clemson Tigers | Levi's Stadium | Santa Clara | 74,814 | Nick Saban | |
71 | Citrus Bowl | W 35–16 | January 1, 2020 | 2019 | Michigan Wolverines | Camping World Stadium | Orlando | 59,746 | Nick Saban |
72 | Rose Bowl§ | W 31–14 | January 1, 2021 | 2020 | Notre Dame Fighting Irish | AT&T Stadium | Arlington | 18,373 | Nick Saban |
73 | CFP National Championship* | W 52–24 | January 11, 2021 | Ohio State Buckeyes | Hard Rock Stadium | Miami Gardens | 14,926 | Nick Saban | |
74 | Cotton Bowl Classic§ | W 27–6 | December 31, 2021 | 2021 | Cincinnati Bearcats | AT&T Stadium | Arlington | 76,313 | Nick Saban |
75 | CFP National Championship* | L 18–33 | January 10, 2022 | Georgia Bulldogs | Lucas Oil Stadium | Indianapolis | 68,311 | Nick Saban |
Notes[]
- ^ Statistics correct as of 2012–13 NCAA football bowl games.
- ^ Results are sortable first by whether the result was an Alabama win, loss or tie and then second by the margin of victory.
- ^ Links to the season article for the Alabama team that competed in the bowl for that year.
- ^ Links to the season article for the opponent that Alabama competed against in the bowl for that year when available or to their general page when unavailable.
- ^ This stadium was built for the 1926 Sesquicentennial Exposition and originally known as Sesquicentennial Stadium. After the end of the exposition, it was renamed Philadelphia Municipal Stadium, retaining that name until 1964. It was renamed John F. Kennedy Stadium in the wake of Kennedy's assassination, and retained that name until its demolition in 1992.
- ^ a b Originally called Memphis Memorial Stadium, in 1976 it was renamed Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium.[29]
- ^ a b The Outback Bowl was previously known as the Hall of Fame Bowl (1986–1995).[30]
- ^ The Camping World Bowl was at the time known as the Blockbuster Bowl (1990–1993).
- ^ a b The Citrus Bowl has been known as: the Tangerine Bowl (1947–1982), Florida Citrus Bowl (1983–1993), CompUSA Florida Citrus Bowl (1994–1999), OurHouse.com Florida Citrus Bowl (2000), Capital One Florida Citrus Bowl (2001–2002), Capital One Bowl (2003–2014), Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl (2015–2017), Citrus Bowl presented by Overton's (2018), and VRBO Citrus Bowl (2019–present).[30]
- ^ a b The Citrus Bowl stadium has been known as Camping World Stadium since 2016.[31]
- ^ a b c Originally called Joe Robbie Stadium, in 1996 it was renamed Pro Player Stadium after naming rights were sold, and it retained the Pro Player moniker through the 2005 season. It was later known as Sun Life Stadium, and is now known as Hard Rock Stadium.[32][33][34]
- ^ This stadium opened in 1999 as Adelphia Coliseum. In 2002, after Adelphia missed a required payment on its naming rights contract and later filed for bankruptcy, the contract was terminated and the stadium became The Coliseum. It was renamed LP Field in 2006 and Nissan Stadium in 2015.[35][36]
- ^ In March 2009, the NCAA ruled that Alabama had to vacate its 2006 Cotton Bowl Classic victory due to sanctions stemming from textbook-related infractions discovered during the 2007 season. After an unsuccessful appeal to the NCAA Division I Infractions Appeals Committee, the 2006 Cotton Bowl Classic victory was officially vacated. As the penalty to vacate the victory did not result in a loss (or forfeiture) of the contest or award a victory to the opponent, Texas Tech still counts the game as a loss in its overall records.[21]
- ^ Mike Shula coached the entire 2006 regular season with Joe Kines serving as the interim head coach for the bowl game.
- ^ a b c On October 3, 2011, it was announced that Mercedes-Benz purchased naming rights to the Superdome effective October 23, 2011. From 1976 through 2011 the facility was called the Louisiana Superdome.[37]
- ^ This stadium opened in 2008 as Cardinals Stadium, but shortly thereafter was renamed University of Phoenix Stadium, retaining that name until 2018. It is now known as State Farm Stadium.[38]
References[]
- General
- National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). "Bowl/All-Star Game Records" (PDF). 2011 NCAA Division I Football Records. NCAA.org. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
- UA Athletics Media Relations Office. "Bowl Bound" (PDF). 2010 Alabama Football Media Guide. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 23, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
- Specific
- ^ a b Bowl/All-Star Game Records, p. 14
- ^ a b c Bowl Bound, p. 182
- ^ a b c d Bowl/All-Star Game Records, p. 31
- ^ Dunnavant, Keith (2004). The Fifty-Year Seduction: How Television Manipulated College Football, from the Birth of the Modern NCAA to the Creation of the BCS. Macmillan. pp. 93–99. ISBN 978-0-312-32345-5. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
- ^ Bowl Bound, p. 188
- ^ Bowl Bound, pp. 189–190
- ^ Bowl Bound, p. 191
- ^ a b Bowl Bound, pp. 192–199
- ^ Bowl Bound, p. 200
- ^ Mitchell, Billy (November 11, 1984). "Reality of a losing record stuns the Tide". The Tuscaloosa News. p. 1B. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
- ^ Wheat, Jack (December 31, 1986). "Perkins takes Tampa Bay coaching job". The Tuscaloosa News. p. 1. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
- ^ Bowl Bound, p. 201
- ^ Bowl Bound, pp. 202–203
- ^ Hurt, Cecil (December 7, 1992). "Voters don't let the Tide down". The Tuscaloosa News. p. 1B. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
- ^ Hurt, Cecil (January 2, 1993). "National Champions! Bama finds life is sweet back at top". The Tuscaloosa News. p. 1. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
- ^ Hurt, Cecil (August 3, 1995). "Sayers will fight 'excessive' penalties". The Tuscaloosa News. p. 1.
- ^ "Aide gets Alabama post". The New York Times. December 10, 1996. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Bowl Bound, pp. 204–205
- ^ Hurt, Cecil (December 2, 2000). "Fran's the new man at Alabama". The Tuscaloosa News. p. 1. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ "Alabama is penalized with 2-year bowl ban". The New York Times. February 2, 2002. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
- ^ a b Hurt, Cecil (March 23, 2010). "UA officials disappointed in appeal outcome". The Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
- ^ "Alabama fires Shula, names Kines interim coach". ESPN.com. ESPN.com news services. November 28, 2006. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
- ^ a b c Bowl Bound, p. 206
- ^ Solomon, Jon (January 2, 2011). "Alabama's defense dismantles Michigan State". The Birmingham News. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
- ^ "Alabama's D embarrasses LSU as five FGs, late TD seal national title". ESPN.com. Associated Press. January 9, 2012. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "Alabama routs Notre Dame, wins 3rd BCS title in past 4 years". ESPN.com. ESPN.com news services. January 7, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2013.
- ^ Bieler, Des; Culpepper, Chuck (January 11, 2021). "The Alabama football dynasty collects another title with a 52–24 rout of Ohio State". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
- ^ Bowl/All-Star Game Records, pp. 32–38
- ^ Brown, Gary; Mike Morrison; Michael Morrison (2008). ESPN Sports Almanac 2008. ESPN. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-933060-38-5.
- ^ a b Bowl/All-Star Game Records, pp. 10–11
- ^ Murschel, Matt (April 26, 2016). "Camping World new title sponsor for Orlando Citrus Bowl". Orlando Sentinel.
- ^ "Joe Robbie gets a name change". TimesDaily. Florence, Alabama. August 26, 1996. Retrieved December 11, 2011.
- ^ Lefton, Terry (January 18, 2010). "Dolphins sell stadium naming rights to Sun Life". South Florida Business Journal. bizjournals.com. Retrieved December 11, 2011.
- ^ "Hard Rock International and Miami Dolphins Announce Stadium Naming Rights Agreement" (Press release). Miami Dolphins. August 17, 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-11-13. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
- ^ "Titans Announce Nissan Partnership; Stadium Rebranded as Nissan Stadium" (Press release). Tennessee Titans. June 24, 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-01-06. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
- ^ Wyatt, Jim (June 24, 2015). "Titans' stadium LP Field to be renamed Nissan Stadium". The Tennessean. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
- ^ Woodyard, Chris (October 4, 2011). "Mercedes-Benz buys naming rights to New Orleans' Superdome". USA Today. usatoday.com. Retrieved December 11, 2011.
- ^ "Cardinals Reach Naming Rights Agreement with State Farm; Iconic Arizona Venue to be Known as State Farm Stadium". Newsroom.StateFarm.com (Press release). State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
- Lists of college bowl games by team
- Alabama Crimson Tide football bowl games