List of Armenian Americans

This is a list of notable Armenian Americans, including both original immigrants who obtained American citizenship and their American descendants. Armenian Americans are people born or raised in the United States, or who reside there, with origins in the country known as Armenia, which ranges from the Caucasian mountain range to the Armenian plateau.

There has been sporadic emigration from Armenia to the U.S. since the late 19th century, with the biggest influx coming after the Armenian genocide of the early 20th century. The largest community in the United States is based in Los Angeles; however, other sizable communities exist in Boston, Detroit and the New York metropolitan area. Statistics from the United States 2000 Census, there are 385,488 Americans indicated either full or partial Armenian ancestry.^[1]

Academia[]

Daron Acemoglu, economist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology^[2]
Viken Babikian, professor at Boston University School of Medicine
Peter Balakian, professor of Humanities at Colgate University
Paul Boghossian, professor of philosophy at New York University
Peter Boghossian, professor of philosophy at Portland State University
Aram Chobanian, Dean of Boston University School of Medicine
Richard Dekmejian, professor at University of Southern California
James Der Derian, Watson Institute professor of International Studies and Political Science at Brown University
Edward Goljan, professor of Pathology at Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences
Hrach Gregorian, writer and teacher on international conflict management and post-conflict peace building
Vartan Gregorian (1934–2021), former President of Brown University and the Carnegie Corporation, ‘savior’^[3] of the New York Public Library
Edgar Housepian, neurosurgeon, Professor Emeritus of neurosurgery at Columbia University Medical School, and co-founder of the Fund for Armenia (FAR)
Marjorie Housepian Dobkin (1922–2013), professor emerita of English at Barnard College.
Richard G. Hovannisian, professor of Armenian History at UCLA
Raffi Indjejikian, professor of accounting a University of Michigan
Joseph Albert Kechichian, author
Mark Krikorian, Executive director of Center for Immigration Studies
Robert Mehrabian, President of Carnegie Mellon
Gevork Minaskanian, professor of organic chemistry at Virginia Commonwealth University
Josh Pahigian, professor of global humanities at the University of New England
George Piranian, professor of mathematics at the University of Michigan
Barbara Sahakian, professor of Clinical Neuropsychology at University of Cambridge
Mark Saroyan, professor of Soviet studies at Harvard and UC Berkeley
Harold Takooshian, physchologist and professor at Fordham University

Armenian Americans in academia

Activism[]

Bob Avakian, political activist and Chairman of the Revolutionary Communist Party
Chaz Bono, LGBT rights activist and reality show personality (mixed origin, son of actress/singer Cher)
Mark Krikorian, immigration-reform activist
Anita Sarkeesian, Canadian-American, feminist media critic

Actors, models, entertainers[]

Marie Rose Abousefian, actress
Paul Abrahamian, reality television personality
James Adomian, actor and stand-up comedian
Vivian Leigh, actress
Kay Armen, TV, film and stage actress
Val Avery, actor
Richard Bakalyan, actor
Adrienne Barbeau, actress (mother was of Armenian descent)^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]
Rowan Blanchard, actress, paternal great-grandmother was an Armenian from present-day Syria
Eric Bogosian, playwright and performance artist^[8]
Dan Bilzerian, Internet personality
Christy Canyon, pornographic actress (Armenian father)
Arthur Edmund Carewe (1884–1937), Armenian-born American actor in the silent and early sound film era
Cher, singer and actress
Mike Connors, television actor^[9]
Leon Danielian, first U.S.-born ballet dancer to reach international recognition
Anita Darian, singer and actress
David Dastmalchian, actor
Ken Davitian, actor
George Duran, chef and entertainer
Naz Edwards, actress
Colton Ford, former gay pornographic actor; singer
Cyrinda Foxe, model and actress
Arlene Francis, actress^[10]
Victor French, prolific character actor, Armenian mother
Michael A. Goorjian, actor and filmmaker^[11]
Sid Haig, actor^[12]
Alexandra Hedison, actress and director
David Hedison, actor
Dan Janjigian, actor and former bobsledder
Khloé Kardashian, reality television star, media personality, businesswoman, socialite, and model
Kim Kardashian, reality television star, socialite, model, businesswoman, producer, and actress
Kourtney Kardashian, reality television star, media personality, socialite, and model
Rob Kardashian, reality television star, businessman
Sylva Kelegian, actress
Marco Khan, actor
Joe Manganiello, actor; maternal grandmother was of Armenian descent
Andrea Martin, comedian^[13]
Eddie Mekka, actor
Erik Palladino, actor (Armenian mother)
Deran Sarafian, actor
Angela Sarafyan, actress
Lucy Saroyan, actress, photographer
Adam G. Sevani, actor
Akim Tamiroff, actor^[14]
Callie Thorne, actor
Mia Tyler, plus-size model
Michael Vartan, actor; paternal great-grandfather was of Armenian descent
Dita Von Teese, burlesque artist, model, and actress; her grandmother was of partial Armenian descent
Geoffrey Zakarian, celebrity chef, television personality, Iron Chef, restaurateur, and author

Armenian American actors and models

Art, design[]

Dan Panosian, comic book artist
Apo Avedissian, filmmaker, painter, photographer, and writer
Edward Avedisian, painter
Greg Costikyan, game designer
Ivan Dmitri, photographer
Patricia Field, costume designer and fashion designer
Arshile Gorky, painter
Kaloust Guedel, painter
Dikran Kelekian, art collector
Ludwig Mactarian, painter
Reuben Nakian, sculptor
Haig Patigian, sculptor
Denis Peterson, painter
Arthur Ashod Pinajian, comic book creator and artist
Hovsep Pushman, painter
Varaz Samuelian, sculptor
Sako Shahinian, illustrator

Armenian Americans in art and design

Architects[]

Mihran Mesrobian, architect
Michel Mossessian, architect

Banking and finance[]

Charles A. Agemian, investment banker
Granger K. Costikyan, investment banker at Brown Brothers Harriman
Richard Donchian, financial analyst
Vahan Janjigian, financial officer, author, instructor at universities

Business[]

Vahe Aghabegians, entrepreneur
Noubar Afeyan, co-founder of Moderna
Garo H. Armen, CEO of Antigenics Inc.
John Berberian, entrepreneur
Ian Bremmer, President and founder of Eurasia Group
Paul Bilzerian, Armenian-American Businessman
Gerard Cafesjian, entrepreneur
Larry Gagosian, art dealer, and founder of Gagosian Gallery with 16 locations internationally
Paul Garmirian, founder of PG cigars
Arthur T. Gregorian, noted oriental rug merchant and author
Mark Hoplamazian, CEO and President of Global Hyatt
Jirair Hovnanian, entrepreneur
Kevork Hovnanian, founder of Hovnanian Enterprises
Ronald Hovsepian, CEO of IntraLinks and Novell
Anna Kazanjian Longobardo, business executive and engineer
Kirk Kerkorian, entrepreneur, casino mogul, considered to be one of the "founding fathers" of Las Vegas^[15]
Alex Manoogian, founder of Masco Corporation
John Matoian, president of FOX and HBO
John Mirak, entrepreneur
David G. Mugar, entrepreneur and philanthropist
Stephen P. Mugar, founder of Star Market and philanthropist
Peter Najarian, options trader, television personality, market analyst
Alexis Ohanian, Internet entrepreneur, activist and investor
Charlie Papazian, founded the Association of Brewers
Tro Piliguian, Chairman of Ogilvy & Mather
Henry D. Sahakian, founder and owner of Uni-Mart
Alex Seropian, founder of Bungie
David Shakarian, founder of GNC
Alex Yemenidjian, former CEO and Chairman of MGM Studios
Craigie Zildjian, CEO of Zildjian
Robert Zildjian, founder of Sabian Cymbals

Armenian Americans in business

Families[]

The Mugar family, of Greater Boston, business and philanthropy^[16]
The Kardashian family of Los Angeles, entertainment and business

Filmmakers and animators[]

Lisa Rose Apramian, screenwriter
Samuel Aroutiounian, talent agent, film producer
Aram Avakian, director, editor
Ross Bagdasarian, Jr., film producer, record producer
Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., pianist, singer, songwriter, actor (aka David Seville)
Steve Dildarian, animator, creator of The Life and Times of Tim
Carla Garapedian, filmmaker
Hughes Brothers, directors
Howard Kazanjian, producer^[17]
Alek Keshishian, director
Rouben Mamoulian, director^[18]
Haig P. Manoogian, film producer, professor of film at New York University, major early influence for many filmmakers such as Martin Scorsese
Mardik Martin, screenwriter
Levon Mkrtchyan, director
Tony Petrossian, director
Deran Sarafian, television director
Katherine Sarafian, assistant film producer
Richard C. Sarafian, television and film director
Tanya Seghatchian, film producer
Michael Vartan, film and television actor
Francis Veber, screenwriter
Steven Zaillian, writer and director^[19]
Eric Esrailian, producer
Sev Ohanian, film producer and screenwriter
Natalie Qasabian, film producer

Journalism[]

Michael J. Arlen, staff writer for The New Yorker
Ben Bagdikian, former editor-in-chief of the Washington Post
David Barsamian, radio broadcaster and journalist
Sergey Dovlatov, columnist, contributed to The New Yorker
John Garabedian, radio personality, host of Open House Party
David Ignatius, associated editor of the Washington Post
Ana Kasparian, co-host of The Young Turks talk show
Armen Keteyian, chief investigative correspondent for CBS News
Bob Kevoian, nationally syndicated morning radio talk show host
Nicolas Kristof, correspondent for The New York Times
Tim Kurkjian, reporter at ESPN
Vago Muradian, former editor for Defense News correspondent for Defense & Aerospace Report
Strawberry Saroyan, journalist, The New York Times
Lara Setrakian, journalist and political analyst, Bloomberg Television and ABC News
Janet Shamlian, news correspondent for NBC News
Roger Tatarian, senior VP of United Press International
Philip Terzian, literary editor of The Weekly Standard
Scout Tufankjian, photojournalist
Matt Vasgersian, sportscaster and host
Anita Vogel, news reporter for Fox News Channel

Law[]

Samuel Der-Yeghiayan, United States federal judge for the Northern District of Illinois
Charles R. Garry, civil rights/criminal defense attorney
Mark Geragos, defense attorney
Robert Kardashian, defense attorney
Marsha Kazarosian, attorney handling high-profile cases
Garo Mardirossian, plaintiff attorney involved in civil rights, product liability, and personal injury cases
Bill Paparian, criminal defense attorney
Robert Philibosian, 38th District Attorney of Los Angeles County
Dickran Tevrizian, United States federal judge for the Central District of California

Military[]

Anna Der-Vartanian, Master Chief Petty Officer in the U.S. Navy
Ernest H. Dervishian, United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in World War II
Khachadour Paul Garabedian, U.S. Navy officer during the Civil War
Sam K. Harrison, corporal during World War II
Paul Robert Ignatius, served the Navy and became Assistant Secretary of Defense under President Lyndon Johnson
Sue Sarafian Jehl, member of the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) personnel who served in World War II
George Juskalian, U.S. Army Colonel who served World War II, Vietnam War, and the Korean War
Harry Kizirian, Marine Corps during World War II and most decorated serviceman of Rhode Island
John Kizirian, Army member during World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War and believed one of the most decorated Armenian Americans ever to serve the United States
Victor Maghakian, Marine Corps during World War II and is considered one of the most decorated American soldiers of the war
Monte Melkonian, military commander during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War

Music[]

Dennis Agajanian, singer
Anahid Ajemian, violinist
Maro Ajemian, pianist
Elijah Blue Allman, musician (son of actress/singer Cher)
Roupen Altiparmakian, musician
Lucine Amara, soprano
Charles Amirkhanian, composer
Kay Armen, singer, songwriter
Şahan Arzruni, classical pianist
George Avakian, Columbia Records executive
Ara Babajian, drummer
Eve Beglarian, composer
Ara Berberian, operatic singer
Cathy Berberian, composer; singer
John Berberian, oud player and rock/jazz fusion musician
John Bilezikjian, oud player, multi-instrumentalist, composer, singer
Armen Boladian, record producer, founder of Westbound Records and Sound of Gospel
Armen Chakmakian, recording artist, keyboardist, composer
Cher (Cherilyn Sarkisian), singer and actress
Lili Chookasian, contralto
Angel Deradoorian, bassist
Ara Dinkjian, oud player
Armen Donelian, musician
Kallen Esperian, opera singer
Gegham Grigoryan, opera artist
Asmik Grigorian, opera artist
Ivan Galamian, violin teacher
Michael Gulezian, musician
Richard Hagopian, oud player
Alan Hovhaness, classical composer
Tonio K, composer
Tamar Kaprelian, singer
Kim Kashkashian, violinist
Art Laboe, disc jockey, songwriter, record producer
Ana Lenchantin, musician/actress
Paz Lenchantin, rock musician
Edward Manukyan, composer
Haig Mardirosian, organist, conductor, composer
Paul Motian, jazz musician
Jerry Murad, musician
Vazgen Muradian, composer and violinist
Armen Nalbandian, jazz musician
Bruce Nazarian, musician, songwriter, and record producer
Michael Omartian, music producer
Constantine Orbelian, conductor and pianist
Konstantin Orbelyan, pianist, composer, head of the State Estrada Orchestra of Armenia
Zabelle Panosian, singer
Harout Pamboukjian, pop singer
Leon Redbone, jazz and blues artist
Karnig Sarkissian, singer
System of a Down members:
- John Dolmayan, drummer
- Daron Malakian, guitarist and vocalist
- Shavo Odadjian, bassist
- Serj Tankian, lead vocalist, keyboards, rhythm guitar
Barry Tashian, guitarist, songwriter^{[citation needed]}
Armand Tokatyan, opera singer
Arto Tunçboyacıyan, multi-instrumentalist and vocalist
Onno Tunç, composer and arranger
Turk Van Lake, composer, arranger, and jazz guitarist
Richard Yardumian, classical composer

Armenian Americans in music

Politicians[]

Religion[]

Torkom Manoogian, archbishop
Rousas John Rushdoony, Christian theologian and philosopher The Chalcedon Foundation
Roger Youderian, missionary

Sciences[]

George Adomian, mathematician
George Aghajanian, professor of psychiatry, a pioneer in the area of neuropharmacology
Hagop S. Akiskal, clinical psychiatrist, best known for his pioneering research on bipolar disorder
Armen Alchian, economist
James P. Bagian, astronaut
Harry Daghlian, physicist with the Manhattan Project
Raymond V. Damadian, inventor of MRI
Moses Housepian, physician and humanitarian aid worker
Albert Kapikian, virologist and pioneer in vaccine development for rotavirus
Varaztad Hovhannes Kazanjian, founder of the modern practice of plastic surgery
Hampar Kelikian, orthopedic-surgeon pioneer
Edward Keonjian, the father of microelectronics;^[20] designer of the world's first solar-powered, pocket-sized radio transmitter
Jack Kevorkian, pathologist
Leonid Khachiyan, mathematician
Edward Khantzian, early pioneer in the psychological understanding of addictions
John Najarian, transplant surgeon pioneer
Robert Nalbandyan, chemist
Alex Sevanian, molecular pharmacologist, pioneer in free radical research
Hrayr Shahinian, pioneer in microsurgical techniques of the brain^[21]
Luther George Simjian, inventor
Avie Tevanian, operating systems researcher

Armenian Americans in sciences

Sports[]

Tatev Abrahamyan, chess player^[22]
Fred Agabashian, professional racer
Ben Agajanian, professional football player
Christopher J.C. Agajanian, motorsports promoter
Andre Agassi, professional tennis player
Emmanuel Agassi, former Olympic boxer and coach
Andy Bakjian, Hall of Fame track and field official and author on the subject
Cam Bedrosian, MLB pitcher; his father is Steve Bedrosian
Steve Bedrosian, 1987 Cy Young Award winner for the Philadelphia Phillies
Zach Bogosian, professional ice hockey player
Gokor Chivichyan, judoka, grappler and trainer
Dave Coskunian, soccer player
Vic Darchinyan, professional boxer
Trent Edwards, professional football player
Alecko Eskandarian, professional soccer player^[23]
Andranik Eskandarian, soccer player
Chuck Essegian, professional baseball player
Manvel Gamburyan, mixed martial arts fighter
Blackie Gejeian, race car driver and race car builder
Brian Goorjian, coach of Sydney Kings
Tim Kurkjian, sports analyst on ESPN
Bobby Managoff (Robert Manoogian, Jr.), wrestler
Harry T. Mangurian, Jr., former owner of the Boston Celtics and Memphis Rogues
Pete Mangurian, offensive line coach of Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Don Manoukian, professional football player for Oakland Raiders
Vanes Martirosyan, professional boxer
Gegard Mousasi, Dutch mixed martial artist and kickboxer
Yura Movsisyan, MLS Champion with Real Salt Lake and player
Karo Parisyan, mixed martial arts fighter
Ara Parseghian, Notre Dame head football coach
Seth Rollins, professional wrestler
Steve Sarkisian, University of Texas head football coach
Austin Seferian-Jenkins, NFL player
Jerry Tarkanian, college basketball coach, known for his time at UNLV; member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
Mark Vartanian, professional wrestler
Garo Yepremian, professional football placekicker

Armenian Americans in sports

Writers, literature, playwrights[]

Marie Rose Abousefian, writer, playwright and academic
Michael Arlen, novelist
Ben Bagdikian, political writer
Peter Balakian, poet, writer and academic
David Barsamian, radio broadcaster and writer
A. I. Bezzerides, novelist
Chris Bohjalian, novelist
Gary Braver, fiction writer
Michael Casey, poet
Aram Haigaz, writer
Alicia Ghiragossian, writer, Nobel Laureate
Nancy Kricorian, poet and author
Arthur Nersesian, novelist, playwright, and poet
Peter Orullian, writer
George Ouzounian, humorist
Josh Pahigian, baseball writer and novelist
Aram Saroyan, novelist
William Saroyan, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright, author
George Stambolian, key figure in the early gay literary movement in New York
Hrag Vartanian, columnist
Thomas Woods, political writer and author

References[]

^ "U.S census Bureau". Archived from the original on 2020-02-12. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
^ Daron Acemoglu: A Turk of Armenian descent Archived February 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^ McFadden, Robert D. (2021-04-16). "Vartan Gregorian, Savior of the New York Public Library, Dies at 87". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
^ Barbeau, Adrienne (21 March 2006). "There Are Worse Things I Could Do". Carroll & Graf – via Amazon.
^ "Page Not Found – Monsters and Critics". 31 July 2007. Cite uses generic title (help)^{[dead link]}
^ "Stage Preview: Combo of 'Fiddler' and friends proved irresistible to Barbeau".
^ "Reviews: A Nightmare on Elm Street 2010 – Dread Central". 30 April 2010.
^ "at home being Armenian was a badge of honor, instilled in the younger generation at large extended family gatherings." Archived 2009-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Connors, an Armenian-American born Krekor Ohanian in Fresno, California" Archived 2006-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Born Arlene Francis Kazanjian on October 20, 1907, in Boston, Massachusetts... Her father was an Armenian immigrant, a refugee from the Turkish massacres of 1905–06, who became a successful painter and photographer, and her mother was the daughter of actor Alfred Davis, who instilled in the young Arlene a love of performing that came to shape her entire life."
^ "Illusion has thrust into the spotlight a new and fresh Armenian-American talent, Michael Goorjian" Archived 2011-05-25 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Haig has been a performer for as long as he can remember. Born in 1939 in the heart of Fresno's Armenian community (his birth name is Sid Mosesian; Haig is his father's first name), he was taking dance classes at age 7." Archived 2008-02-13 at the Wayback Machine
^ "was born in Portland, Maine on January 15, 1947 of Armenian heritage. Her grandfather, whose last name was Papazian, emigrated from Ottoman Turkey in the early 20th century, changing his name to Martin when he settled in Maine." Archived July 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Although we think of him in roles as Spanish or Hispanic, he was actually an Armenian. Short and stocky with dark hair, thick eyebrows over intense eyes, often with a black mustache, he was cast in a variety of ethnic roles as both hero and heavy". Archived from the original on 2006-10-29. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-01-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ The Fifty Families (Part 1) – Boston Magazine Archived 2011-07-09 at the Wayback Machine
^ Howard Kazanjian Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
^ "FGA – Rouben Mamoulian". Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
^ "Zaillian, whose background is Armenian, lives in Los Angeles..."
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2016-08-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "WordPress.com". Archived from the original on 2012-07-10.
^ "The chess games of Tatev Abrahamyan".
^ Wise, Mike (31 May 2006). "Fiery Player, Simmering Conscience" – via washingtonpost.com.

External links[]

Media related to Armenian Americans at Wikimedia Commons

[1] "U.S census Bureau". Archived from the original on 2020-02-12. Retrieved 2011-07-13.

[2] Daron Acemoglu: A Turk of Armenian descent Archived February 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine

[3] McFadden, Robert D. (2021-04-16). "Vartan Gregorian, Savior of the New York Public Library, Dies at 87". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-04-16.

[4] Barbeau, Adrienne (21 March 2006). "There Are Worse Things I Could Do". Carroll & Graf – via Amazon.

[5] "Page Not Found – Monsters and Critics". 31 July 2007. Cite uses generic title (help)^{[dead link]}

[6] "Stage Preview: Combo of 'Fiddler' and friends proved irresistible to Barbeau".

[7] "Reviews: A Nightmare on Elm Street 2010 – Dread Central". 30 April 2010.

[8] "at home being Armenian was a badge of honor, instilled in the younger generation at large extended family gatherings." Archived 2009-04-05 at the Wayback Machine

[9] "Connors, an Armenian-American born Krekor Ohanian in Fresno, California" Archived 2006-07-16 at the Wayback Machine

[10] "Born Arlene Francis Kazanjian on October 20, 1907, in Boston, Massachusetts... Her father was an Armenian immigrant, a refugee from the Turkish massacres of 1905–06, who became a successful painter and photographer, and her mother was the daughter of actor Alfred Davis, who instilled in the young Arlene a love of performing that came to shape her entire life."

[11] "Illusion has thrust into the spotlight a new and fresh Armenian-American talent, Michael Goorjian" Archived 2011-05-25 at the Wayback Machine

[12] "Haig has been a performer for as long as he can remember. Born in 1939 in the heart of Fresno's Armenian community (his birth name is Sid Mosesian; Haig is his father's first name), he was taking dance classes at age 7." Archived 2008-02-13 at the Wayback Machine

[13] "was born in Portland, Maine on January 15, 1947 of Armenian heritage. Her grandfather, whose last name was Papazian, emigrated from Ottoman Turkey in the early 20th century, changing his name to Martin when he settled in Maine." Archived July 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

[14] "Although we think of him in roles as Spanish or Hispanic, he was actually an Armenian. Short and stocky with dark hair, thick eyebrows over intense eyes, often with a black mustache, he was cast in a variety of ethnic roles as both hero and heavy". Archived from the original on 2006-10-29. Retrieved 2011-04-20.

[15] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-01-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[16] The Fifty Families (Part 1) – Boston Magazine Archived 2011-07-09 at the Wayback Machine

[17] Howard Kazanjian Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine

[18] "FGA – Rouben Mamoulian". Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2011-07-13.

[19] "Zaillian, whose background is Armenian, lives in Los Angeles..."

[20] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2016-08-04.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[21] "WordPress.com". Archived from the original on 2012-07-10.

[22] "The chess games of Tatev Abrahamyan".

[23] Wise, Mike (31 May 2006). "Fiery Player, Simmering Conscience" – via washingtonpost.com.

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