List of Formula One Grands Prix

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing series managed by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body.[1] The "formula" in the name alludes to a series of FIA rules to which all participants and vehicles are required to conform.[1][2] The F1 World Championship season consists of a series of races around the world, known as Grands Prix, usually held on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets.[3] Each Grand Prix meeting occurs over three days with either two or three practice sessions before a three-part qualifying session on either Friday or Saturday to set the starting order for Saturday's sprint qualifying session (to set the race's final starting positions) or Sunday's race.[4][5] Grands Prix are frequently named after the country, region or city in which they are raced,[6] and in some seasons, nations have hosted more than one event.[7] Should F1 hold two or more races in the same nation in the same year, either on a different circuit or the same one, then their Grand Prix names will be different.[8] The results of each Grand Prix held over the course of the season are combined to determine two annual championships, one for drivers and one for constructors.[9]

Grand Prix distance regulations have varied throughout F1 history.[10][11] Between 1950 and 1957, events ran for more than 300 km (190 mi) or three hours.[11] In 1958, race lengths were set between 300 and 500 km (190 and 310 mi) or two hours.[12] It was reduced to between 300 and 400 km (190 and 250 mi) from 1966 with an established maximum length of 321.87 km (200.00 mi) in 1971. From 1973 to 1980, races had to last either 321.87 km (200.00 mi) or two hours, whichever came first. Distances of between 250 and 320 km (160 and 200 mi) or two hours were used from 1981 to 1984. The minimum distance was revised to 300 km (190 mi) including the formation lap in 1984 and the maximum length was standardised at 305 km (190 mi) in 1989.[a][10] The exception to the rule is the Monaco Grand Prix, which has a scheduled length of at least 260 km (160 mi). No race can last more than two hours if it goes unhalted.[14] From 2012, the maximum permitted race time including probable stoppages was four hours,[14] before being reduced to three hours for 2021.[15]

The British and Italian Grands Prix are the two most frequently held events in the F1 World Championship with 72 editions each since both races first formed a part of the series in 1950, followed by the Monaco Grand Prix which has been held 67 times, all on the same course, the Circuit de Monaco. Italy's Monza Circuit has hosted the most Grands Prix on any circuit with 71. The Circuit de Monaco is second with 67 events and the Silverstone Circuit in the United Kingdom is third with 56 races.[16][17] Austria, Bahrain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States have all held two Grands Prix in various seasons;[18] the United States and Italy are the only countries to have hosted three races during a season in each of 1982 and 2020, respectively.[19] Italy has held the most Grands Prix with 102 since its first in 1950. Only Morocco, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia have staged just one Grand Prix. The most recent country to host its first Grand Prix was Saudi Arabia in 2021.[20]

A map of the world showing the locations of the countries to host a Grand Prix
Locations of the countries that have hosted a Grand Prix. Nations on a current schedule are highlighted in green, with circuit locations marked in black. Former host nations are shown in dark grey. Former host circuits are marked with a white dot. De facto status of territories is shown.

As of the 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, 1,057 World Championship events have been held over 72 seasons in 34 countries and under 52 race titles at 76 racing circuits.[21][16][20][22] These figures include the Indianapolis 500 races which were a part of the World Championships from 1950 until 1960 despite not being named a Grand Prix.[23] The 1950 British Grand Prix was the first F1 World Championship Grand Prix.[24] Not included in this list are non-championship Grands Prix held to F1 regulations from 1946 to 1983 and as part of each of the British Formula One Championship and the South African Formula One Championship.[17][22]

Active and past races[]

Key
* Current Grands Prix (for the 2021 season)
double-dagger Future/returning Grands Prix

By race title[]

Races have been held under 52 race titles as of the 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.[21][22][25]

Formula One Grands Prix by race title[17][22][25]
Country Race Years held Circuits Total
 United Kingdom 70th Anniversary Grand Prix[b] 2020 1 1
 United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi Grand Prix*[c] 20092021 1 13
 Argentina Argentine Grand Prix 19531958, 1960, 19721975, 19771981, 19951998[d] 1 20
 Australia Australian Grand Prix 19852019 2 35
 Austria Austrian Grand Prix* 1964, 19701987, 19972003, 20142021 2 34
 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Grand Prix* 20172019, 2021 1 4
 Bahrain Bahrain Grand Prix* 20042010,[e] 20122021 1 17
 Belgium Belgian Grand Prix* 19501956, 1958, 19601968, 1970, 19722002, 20042005, 20072021 3 66
 Brazil Brazilian Grand Prix 19732019 2 47
 United Kingdom British Grand Prix* 19502021 3 72
 United States Caesars Palace Grand Prix[f] 19811982 1 2
 Canada Canadian Grand Prix 19671974, 19761986, 19882008, 20102019 3 50
 China Chinese Grand Prix 20042019 1 16
 United States Dallas Grand Prix[g] 1984 1 1
 United States Detroit Grand Prix[h] 19821988 1 7
 Netherlands Dutch Grand Prix* 19521953, 1955, 19581971, 19731985, 2021 1 31
 Germany Eifel Grand Prix[i] 2020 1 1
 Italy Emilia Romagna Grand Prix*[j] 20202021 1 2
 Europe European Grand Prix[k] 19831985, 19931997, 19992012, 2016 6 23
 France French Grand Prix* 19501954, 19562008, 20182019, 2021 5 61
 Germany German Grand Prix 19511954, 19561959, 19612006, 20082014, 2016, 20182019 3 64
 Hungary Hungarian Grand Prix* 19862021 1 36
 India Indian Grand Prix 20112013 1 3
 United States Indianapolis 500[l] 19501960 1 11
 Italy Italian Grand Prix* 19502021 2 72
 Japan Japanese Grand Prix 19761977, 19872019 2 35
 South Korea Korean Grand Prix 20102013 1 4
 Germany Luxembourg Grand Prix[m] 19971998 1 2
 Malaysia Malaysian Grand Prix 19992017 1 19
 Mexico Mexican Grand Prix 19631970, 19861992, 20152019 1 20
 Mexico Mexico City Grand Prix*[n] 2021 1 1
 United States Miami Grand Prixdouble-dagger[o] 0 0
 Monaco Monaco Grand Prix* 1950, 19552019, 2021 1 67
 Morocco Moroccan Grand Prix 1958 1 1
 Japan Pacific Grand Prix[p] 19941995 1 2
 Italy Pescara Grand Prix[q] 1957 1 1
 Portugal Portuguese Grand Prix* 19581960, 19841996, 20202021 4 18
 Qatar Qatar Grand Prix* 2021 1 1
 Russia Russian Grand Prix* 20142021 1 8
 Bahrain Sakhir Grand Prix[r] 2020 1 1
 San Marino San Marino Grand Prix[s] 19812006 1 26
 Brazil São Paulo Grand Prix*[t] 2021 1 1
 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian Grand Prix* 2021 1 1
 Singapore Singapore Grand Prix 20082019 1 12
 South Africa South African Grand Prix 19621963, 1965, 19671980,[u] 19821985, 19921993 2 23
 Spain Spanish Grand Prix* 1951, 1954, 19681979,[v] 1981, 19862021 5 51
 Austria Styrian Grand Prix*[w] 20202021 1 2
 Sweden Swedish Grand Prix 19731978[x] 1 6
  Switzerland Swiss Grand Prix 19501954,[y] 1982[z] 2 6
 Turkey Turkish Grand Prix* 20052011, 20202021 1 9
 Italy Tuscan Grand Prix[aa] 2020 1 1
 United States United States Grand Prix* 19591980, 19891991, 20002007, 20122019, 2021 6 42
 United States United States Grand Prix West 19761983 1 8

By host nation[]

A map of the world showing countries that have held a Grand Prix in varying colours from airy green to black.
This map shows the number of Formula One World Championship races hosted by country. Colours ranging from airy green to black denote the number of Grands Prix a country has hosted. De facto status of territories is shown.

There have been 34 countries that have hosted a Formula One World Championship race, as of the 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.[21][20]

Formula One Grands Prix by host nation[20][22]
Country Races held Total
 Argentina Argentine Grand Prix (1953–1958, 1960, 1972–1975, 1977–1981, 1995–1998) 20
 Australia Australian Grand Prix (1985–2019) 35
 Austria* Austrian Grand Prix, 34 (1964, 1970–1987, 1997–2003, 2014–2021)*

Styrian Grand Prix, 2 (2020–2021)*

36
 Azerbaijan* Azerbaijan Grand Prix, 4 (2017–2019, 2021)*

European Grand Prix, 1 (2016)

5
 Bahrain* Bahrain Grand Prix, 17 (2004–2010, 2012–2021)*

Sakhir Grand Prix, 1 (2020)

18
 Belgium* Belgian Grand Prix (1950–1956, 1958, 1960–1968, 1970, 1972–2002, 2004–2005, 2007–2021)* 66
 Brazil* Brazilian Grand Prix, 47 (1973–2019)

São Paulo Grand Prix, 1 (2021)*

48
 Canada Canadian Grand Prix (1967–1974, 1976–1986, 1988–2008, 2010–2019) 50
 China Chinese Grand Prix (2004–2019) 16
 France* French Grand Prix, 61 (1950–1954, 1956–2008, 2018–2019, 2021)*

Swiss Grand Prix, 1 (1982)

62
 Germany German Grand Prix, 64 (1951–1954, 1956–1959, 1961–2006, 2008–2014, 2016, 2018–2019)

European Grand Prix, 12 (1984, 1995–1996, 1999–2007)

Luxembourg Grand Prix, 2 (1997–1998)

Eifel Grand Prix, 1 (2020)

79
 Hungary* Hungarian Grand Prix (1986–2021)* 36
 India Indian Grand Prix (2011–2013) 3
 Italy* Italian Grand Prix, 72 (1950–2021)*

Pescara Grand Prix, 1 (1957)

San Marino Grand Prix, 26 (1981–2006)

Tuscan Grand Prix, 1 (2020)

Emilia Romagna Grand Prix, 2 (2020–2021)*

102
 Japan Japanese Grand Prix, 35 (1976–1977, 1987–2019)

Pacific Grand Prix, 2 (1994–1995)

37
 Malaysia Malaysian Grand Prix (1999–2017) 19
 Mexico* Mexican Grand Prix, 20 (1963–1970, 1986–1992, 2015–2019)

Mexico City Grand Prix, 1 (2021)*

21
 Monaco* Monaco Grand Prix (1950, 1955–2019, 2021)* 67
 Morocco Moroccan Grand Prix (1958) 1
 Netherlands* Dutch Grand Prix (1952–1953, 1955, 1958–1971, 1973–1985, 2021)* 31
 Portugal* Portuguese Grand Prix (1958–1960, 1984–1996, 2020–2021)* 18
 Qatar* Qatar Grand Prix (2021)* 1
 Russia* Russian Grand Prix (2014–2021)* 8
 Saudi Arabia* Saudi Arabian Grand Prix (2021)* 1
 Singapore Singapore Grand Prix (2008–2019) 12
 South Africa South African Grand Prix (1962–1963, 1965, 1967–1980, 1982–1985, 1992–1993) 23
 South Korea Korean Grand Prix (2010–2013) 4
 Spain* Spanish Grand Prix, 51 (1951, 1954, 1968–1979, 1981, 1986–2021)*

European Grand Prix, 7 (1994, 1997, 2008–2012)

58
 Sweden Swedish Grand Prix (1973–1978) 6
  Switzerland Swiss Grand Prix (1950–1954) 5
 Turkey* Turkish Grand Prix (2005–2011, 2020–2021)* 9
 United Arab Emirates* Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (2009–2021)* 13
 United Kingdom* British Grand Prix, 72 (1950–2021)*

European Grand Prix, 3 (1983, 1985, 1993)

70th Anniversary Grand Prix, 1 (2020)

76
 United States* Indianapolis 500, 11 (1950–1960)

United States Grand Prix, 42 (1959–1980, 1989–1991, 2000–2007, 2012–2019, 2021)*

United States Grand Prix West, 8 (1976–1983)

Caesars Palace Grand Prix, 2 (1981–1982)

Detroit Grand Prix, 7 (1982–1988)

Dallas Grand Prix, 1 (1984)

Miami Grand Prix, 0double-dagger

71

By venue[]

A total of 75 circuits have hosted a Formula One World Championship race, as of the 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.[21][50]

Formula One Grands Prix by venue[16][20][50]
Racing track Races held Total
Australia Adelaide Australian Grand Prix (1985–1995) 11
Japan Aida Pacific Grand Prix (1994–1995) 2
Morocco Ain-Diab (Casablanca) Moroccan Grand Prix (1958) 1
United Kingdom Aintree British Grand Prix (1955, 1957, 1959, 1961–1962) 5
Australia Albert Park (Melbourne) Australian Grand Prix (1996–2019) 24
Portugal Algarve* Portuguese Grand Prix (2020–2021)* 2
Sweden Anderstorp Swedish Grand Prix (1973–1978) 6
United States Austin* United States Grand Prix (2012–2019, 2021)* 9
West Germany AVUS (Berlin) German Grand Prix (1959) 1
Azerbaijan Baku* European Grand Prix, 1 (2016)

Azerbaijan Grand Prix, 4 (2017–2019, 2021)*

5
Portugal Boavista (Porto) Portuguese Grand Prix (1958, 1960) 2
United Kingdom Brands Hatch British Grand Prix, 12 (1964, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986)

European Grand Prix, 2 (1983, 1985)

14
Switzerland Bremgarten (Bern) Swiss Grand Prix (1950–1954) 5
United States Caesars Palace (Las Vegas) Caesars Palace Grand Prix (1981–1982) 2
Spain Catalunya (Barcelona)* Spanish Grand Prix (1991–2021)* 31
France Charade (Clermont-Ferrand) French Grand Prix (1965, 1969, 1970, 1972) 4
United States Dallas Dallas Grand Prix (1984) 1
United States Detroit Detroit Grand Prix (1982–1988) 7
France Dijon-Prenois French Grand Prix, 5 (1974, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1984)

Swiss Grand Prix, 1 (1982)

6
United Kingdom Donington European Grand Prix (1993) 1
South Africa East London South African Grand Prix (1962–1963, 1965) 3
Portugal Estoril Portuguese Grand Prix (1984–1996) 13
Japan Fuji Japanese Grand Prix (1976–1977, 2007–2008) 4
India Greater Noida Indian Grand Prix (2011–2013) 3
Mexico Hermanos Rodríguez (Mexico City)* Mexican Grand Prix, 20 (1963–1970, 1986–1992, 2015–2019)

Mexico City Grand Prix, 1 (2021)*

21
Germany Hockenheim German Grand Prix (1970, 1977–1984, 1986–2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018–2019) 37
Hungary Hungaroring (Budapest)* Hungarian Grand Prix (1986–2021)* 36
Italy Imola* Italian Grand Prix, 1 (1980)

San Marino Grand Prix, 26 (1981–2006)

Emilia Romagna Grand Prix, 2 (2020–2021)*

29
United States Indianapolis Indianapolis 500, 11 (1950–1960)

United States Grand Prix, 8 (2000–2007)

19
Brazil Interlagos (São Paulo)* Brazilian Grand Prix, 37 (1973–1977, 1979–1980, 1990–2019)

São Paulo Grand Prix, 1 (2021)*

38
Turkey Istanbul* Turkish Grand Prix (2005–2011, 2020–2021)* 9
Brazil Jacarepaguá (Rio de Janeiro) Brazilian Grand Prix (1978, 1981–1989) 10
Spain Jarama Spanish Grand Prix (1968, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1976–1979, 1981) 9
Saudi Arabia Jeddah Corniche* Saudi Arabian Grand Prix (2021)* 1
Spain Jerez Spanish Grand Prix, 5 (1986–1990)

European Grand Prix, 2 (1994, 1997)

7
South Africa Kyalami South African Grand Prix (1967–1980, 1982–1985, 1992–1993) 20
France Le Mans Bugatti French Grand Prix (1967) 1
United States Long Beach United States Grand Prix West (1976–1983) 8
Qatar Lusail* Qatar Grand Prix (2021)* 1
France Magny-Cours French Grand Prix (1991–2008) 18
Singapore Marina Bay (Singapore) Singapore Grand Prix (2008–2019) 12
United States Miami International Autodromedouble-dagger Miami Grand Prix (2022)double-dagger 0
Portugal Monsanto Park (Lisbon) Portuguese Grand Prix (1959) 1
Monaco Monte Carlo* Monaco Grand Prix (1950, 1955–2019, 2021)* 67
Spain Montjuïc (Barcelona) Spanish Grand Prix (1969, 1971, 1973, 1975) 4
Canada Montréal Canadian Grand Prix (1978–1986, 1988–2008, 2010–2019) 40
Italy Monza* Italian Grand Prix (1950–1979, 1981–2021)* 71
Canada Mosport Park Canadian Grand Prix (1967, 1969, 1971–1974, 1976–1977) 8
Italy Mugello Tuscan Grand Prix (2020) 1
Belgium Nivelles Belgian Grand Prix (1972, 1974) 2
Germany Nürburgring German Grand Prix, 26 (1951–1954, 1956–1958, 1961–1969, 1971–1976, 1985, 2009, 2011, 2013)

European Grand Prix, 12 (1984, 1995–1996, 1999–2007)

Luxembourg Grand Prix, 2 (1997–1998)

Eifel Grand Prix, 1 (2020)

41
Argentina Oscar y Juan Gálvez (Buenos Aires) Argentine Grand Prix (1953–1958, 1960, 1972–1975, 1977–1981, 1995–1998) 20
France Paul Ricard (Le Castellet)* French Grand Prix (1971, 1973, 1975–1976, 1978, 1980, 1982–1983, 1985–1990, 2018–2019, 2021)* 17
Spain Pedralbes (Barcelona) Spanish Grand Prix (1951, 1954) 2
Italy Pescara Pescara Grand Prix (1957) 1
United States Phoenix United States Grand Prix (1989–1991) 3
France Reims French Grand Prix (1950, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1956, 1958–1961, 1963, 1966) 11
United States Riverside United States Grand Prix (1960) 1
France Rouen French Grand Prix (1952, 1957, 1962, 1964, 1968) 5
Canada Saint-Jovite (Mont-Tremblant) Canadian Grand Prix (1968, 1970) 2
Bahrain Sakhir* Bahrain Grand Prix, 17 (2004–2010, 2012–2021)*

Sakhir Grand Prix, 1 (2020)

18
United States Sebring United States Grand Prix (1959) 1
Malaysia Sepang (Kuala Lumpur) Malaysian Grand Prix (1999–2017) 19
China Shanghai Chinese Grand Prix (2004–2019) 16
United Kingdom Silverstone* British Grand Prix, 55 (1950–1954, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987–2021)*

70th Anniversary Grand Prix, 1 (2020)

56
Russia Sochi* Russian Grand Prix (2014–2021)* 8
Belgium Spa-Francorchamps* Belgian Grand Prix (1950–1956, 1958, 1960–1968, 1970, 1983, 1985–2002, 2004–2005, 2007–2021)* 54
Austria Spielberg (Österreichring/A1-Ring/Red Bull Ring)* Austrian Grand Prix, 33 (1970–1987, 1997–2003, 2014–2021)*

Styrian Grand Prix, 2 (2020–2021)*

35
Japan Suzuka Japanese Grand Prix (1987–2006, 2009–2019) 31
Spain Valencia European Grand Prix (2008–2012) 5
United States Watkins Glen United States Grand Prix (1961–1980) 20
United Arab Emirates Yas Marina (Abu Dhabi)* Abu Dhabi Grand Prix (2009–2021)* 13
South Korea Yeongam Korean Grand Prix (2010–2013) 4
Netherlands Zandvoort* Dutch Grand Prix (1952–1953, 1955, 1958–1971, 1973–1985, 2021)* 31
Austria Zeltweg Austrian Grand Prix (1964) 1
Belgium Zolder Belgian Grand Prix (1973, 1975–1982, 1984) 10

Milestone races[]

Multiples of 100[]

Formula One Grands Prix by multiples of 100[17][18][22]
Race Season Grand Prix Circuit Winner
Driver Constructor
100 1961 West Germany German Nürburgring  Stirling Moss (GBR)  Lotus-Climax (GBR)
200 1971 Monaco Monaco Monte Carlo  Jackie Stewart (GBR)  Tyrrell-Ford (GBR)
300 1978 South Africa South African Kyalami  Ronnie Peterson (SWE)  Lotus-Ford (GBR)
400 1984 Austria Austrian Spielberg  Niki Lauda (AUT)  McLaren-TAG (GBR)
500 1990 Australia Australian Adelaide  Nelson Piquet (BRA)  Benetton-Ford (GBR)
600 1997 Argentina Argentine Buenos Aires  Jacques Villeneuve (CAN)  Williams-Renault (GBR)
700 2003 Brazil Brazilian Interlagos  Giancarlo Fisichella (ITA)  Jordan-Ford (IRL)
800 2008 Singapore Singapore Marina Bay  Fernando Alonso (ESP)  Renault (FRA)
900 2014 Bahrain Bahrain Sakhir  Lewis Hamilton (GBR)  Mercedes (GER)
1000 2019 China Chinese Shanghai  Lewis Hamilton (GBR)  Mercedes (GER)

Notes[]

  1. ^ The primary reason for the reduction of Grand Prix distance throughout the history of Formula One was to accommodate television preferring shorter races with more on-track activity.[13]
  2. ^ The 70th Anniversary Grand Prix was held in the United Kingdom.[26]
  3. ^ The Abu Dhabi Grand Prix was held in the United Arab Emirates.[27]
  4. ^ The 1999 Argentine Grand Prix was on the provisional 1999 schedule but it was cancelled as a consequence of the failure to reach a financial agreement.[28]
  5. ^ The 2011 Bahrain Grand Prix was cancelled as a result of the Bahraini uprising of 2011.[29]
  6. ^ The Caesars Palace Grand Prix was held in the United States.[30]
  7. ^ The Dallas Grand Prix was held in the United States.[31]
  8. ^ The Detroit Grand Prix was held in the United States.[31]
  9. ^ The Eifel Grand Prix was held in Germany.[32]
  10. ^ The Emilia Romagna Grand Prix was held in Italy.[33]
  11. ^ The European Grand Prix was held in Germany (12 times), in Spain (7 times), in the United Kingdom (3 times), and in Azerbaijan (once).[18][34]
  12. ^ The Indianapolis 500 was not a "Grand Prix" but was included as a round of the World Championship from 1950 to 1960.[23] The race was held in the United States.[31]
  13. ^ The Luxembourg Grand Prix was held in Germany.[35]
  14. ^ The Mexico City Grand Prix was held in Mexico.[36]
  15. ^ The Miami Grand Prix was held in the United States.[37]
  16. ^ The Pacific Grand Prix was held in Japan.[38]
  17. ^ The Pescara Grand Prix, also known as Coppa Acerbo, was held in Pescara, in Italy.[39]
  18. ^ The Sakhir Grand Prix was held in Bahrain.[40]
  19. ^ The San Marino Grand Prix was held in Italy.[33]
  20. ^ The São Paulo Grand Prix was held in Brazil.[41]
  21. ^ The 1981 South African Grand Prix was not part of the World Championship due to the dispute of the FISA–FOCA war.[42]
  22. ^ The championship status of the 1980 Spanish Grand Prix was withdrawn due to the dispute of the FISA–FOCA war.[43]
  23. ^ The Styrian Grand Prix was held in Austria.[44]
  24. ^ As a result of a loss of local interest due to the deaths of Gunnar Nilsson and Ronnie Peterson in 1978, the 1979 Swedish Grand Prix was cancelled.[45] Since then, no Formula One Grand Prix has been held in Sweden.[46]
  25. ^ After the 1955 Le Mans disaster, the Swiss government banned motor racing in its territory.[47]
  26. ^ The 1982 Swiss Grand Prix was held in Dijon, in France.[48]
  27. ^ The Tuscan Grand Prix was held in Italy.[49]

References[]

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  44. ^ Medland, Chris (12 July 2020). "2020 F1 Styrian Grand Prix report: Hamilton in command ahead of midfield drama". Motor Sport. Archived from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  45. ^ "Swedish Race Cancelled". Democrat and Chronicle. 27 May 1979. p. 3D. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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