List of French forts in North America

The Citadelle of Quebec is a National Historic Site of Canada,^[1] and also forms part of the Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site of Canada.^[1] The fortress is located within the "Historic District of Old Québec", which was designated a World Heritage Site in 1985.^[2]

This is a list of forts in New France built by the French government or French chartered companies in what later became Canada, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States. They range from large European-type citadels like at Quebec City to tiny fur-trade posts.^[3]

Canada[]

The French forts in Canada were located from the Atlantic Ocean to as far west as the confluence of the North and South Saskatchewan rivers, and as far north as James Bay. Built between the 1640s and the 1750s, a few were captured from rival British fur trading companies like Hudson's Bay Company. The forts were located on waterways to provide transport of fur back east to Montreal or Quebec City. A few have survived or been re-built, but most are ruins or simply disappeared after abandonment.

Name^[4]^[5]	Date constructed c.	Location	Province
Fort Anne	1636	Annapolis Royal	Nova Scotia
Fort Bas de la Rivière	1750	Fort Alexander	Manitoba
Fort Boishébert	1749	Grand Bay	New Brunswick
Fort Beauséjour	1751	Aulac	New Brunswick
Fort Bourbon (West)	1741	Grand Rapids	Manitoba
Fort Bourbon (North)	1697	York Factory	Manitoba
Fort Charlesbourg Royal	1541–1543	Cap-Rouge	Quebec
Fort Chambly	1665	Chambly	Quebec
Citadelle of Quebec	1693	Quebec City	Quebec
Citadelle of Montreal	1690–1821	Montreal	Quebec
Fort Dauphin	1741	Winnipegosis	Manitoba
Fort de la Corne	1753	Fort à la Corne Provincial Forest	Saskatchewan
Fort de la Montagne	1685	Montreal	Quebec
Fort Douville	1720	Toronto	Ontario
Fort Dumoine	1730	Pontiac Regional County Municipality	Quebec
	1749	Trois-Rivières	Quebec
	1725	Kahnawake	Quebec
Fort Frontenac	1673	Kingston	Ontario
Fort Gaspareaux	1751	Port Elgin	New Brunswick
Fort Kaministiquia	1717	Thunder Bay	Ontario
	1669–1695	Lachine	Quebec
Fort Laprairie	1687	La Prairie	Quebec
Fort La Reine	1738	Portage la Prairie	Manitoba
Fort Le Jonquiere	1751	Saskatchewan River Forks (near Prince Albert)	Saskatchewan
Fortress of Louisbourg	1719	Louisbourg	Nova Scotia
Fort Maurepas	1733	Selkirk	Manitoba
Fort Menagoueche	1751	Saint John	New Brunswick
Fort Paskoya	1741	The Pas (on Cedar Lake)	Manitoba
Fort Plaisance	1662	Placentia	Newfoundland and Labrador
Fort Pointe-aux-Trembles	1670	Pointe-aux-Trembles	Quebec
	1605	Annapolis Royal	Nova Scotia
	1608	Quebec City	Quebec
Fort Richelieu	1641	near Sorel-Tracy	Quebec
Fort Rouge	1738	Winnipeg	Manitoba
Fort Rouillé	1750	Toronto	Ontario
Fort Royal (Newfoundland)	1687	Placentia	Newfoundland and Labrador
Fort Sainte Anne (Hudson Bay)	1670 (1686)	Fort Albany	Ontario
Fort Sainte Anne	1629–1641	Englishtown	Nova Scotia
	1660	Trois-Rivières	Quebec
Fort Saint Jacques	1686–1693 and 1697–1713	Waskaganish, Quebec (Fort Rupert)	Quebec
Fort Saint-Jean	1746	Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu	Quebec
Fort Saint Louis	1690–1713	Placentia	Newfoundland and Labrador
Fort St. Louis	1620–1834	Quebec	Quebec
Fort St. Louis	1623–1930	Cape Sable Island	Nova Scotia
Fort St. Louis	1670s (1686)	Moose Factory	Ontario
Fort St. Pierre	1731	Fort Frances (near mouth of the Rainy River meets with Rainy Lake)	Ontario
Fort Sainte Thérèse	1665	Carignan	Quebec
Fort Senneville	1671	Montreal	Quebec
Fort Témiscamingue	1679	Ville Marie	Quebec
Tadoussac Trading Post	1600	Tadoussac	Quebec
Fort Toronto	1750	Toronto	Ontario
Fort Ville-Marie	1642–1688	Montreal	Quebec
Port-la-Joye	1720	Charlottetown	Prince Edward Island

Saint Pierre and Miquelon[]

Name	Date constructed c.	Location	Communes of France	Image
Pointe aux Cannon Battery^[6]	1690	Saint Pierre Island	Saint-Pierre

United States[]

The French forts built in what is now the United States, were part of a series of forts built from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi delta; as far west as the Dakotas, as far east as Maine.

Name^[4]^[5]	Date constructed c.	Location	State
Arkansas Post	1686	Arkansas County	Arkansas
Fort des Alibamons	1717	Wetumpka	Alabama
Fort Assumption	1739	Memphis	Tennessee
Fort de la Balise	1722	Plaquemines Parish	Louisiana
Fort Beauharnois	1727	Goodhue County	Minnesota
Fort De La Boulaye (Fort Bayougoula, Fort Iberville, Fort Louisiana)	1700	Phoenix, Plaquemines Parish	Louisiana
Fort de Buade	1683	St. Ignace	Michigan
Fort Carillon	1754–57	Ticonderoga	New York
Fort Caroline	1564	Jacksonville	Florida
Fort de Cavagnal	1744	Missouri River between Kansas City and Fort Leavenworth	Kansas
Fort Charles	1562	Beaufort	South Carolina
Fort de Chartres	1720	Randolph County	Illinois
Fort Condé de la Mobille	1723	Mobile	Alabama
Fort Conti	1679	Youngstown	New York
Fort Crèvecoeur	1680	Creve Coeur	Illinois
Fort Denonville	1687	Youngstown	New York
Fort Ponchartrain du Détroit	1701	Detroit	Michigan
Fort Détour à l'Anglais	1722	Belle Chase	Louisiana
Fort Duquesne	1750	Morrison County	Minnesota
Fort Duquesne	1754	Pittsburgh	Pennsylvania
Fort Dubreuil (Côte des Allemands)	1740	Destrehan	Louisiana
Fort St. Jean	1708	New Orleans	Louisiana
Fort Kaskaskia	1759	Kaskaskia	Illinois
Fort de La Présentation	1671	Ogdensburg	New York
Fort Le Boeuf	1753	Waterford	Pennsylvania
Fort Lévis	1759	Ogdensburg	New York
Fort Louis de la Louisiane	1702	Le Moyne	Alabama
Fort Machault	1754	Franklin	Pennsylvania
Fort Massac	1757	Massac County	Illinois
Fort Maurepas	1699	Ocean Springs	Mississippi
Fort Miami (Indiana)	1715	Fort Wayne	Indiana
Fort Miami (Michigan)	1679	St. Joseph	Michigan
Fort Michilimackinac	1715	Mackinaw City	Michigan
Fort des Natchitoches	1714	Natchitoches	Louisiana
Fort Niagara	1678	Youngstown	New York
Fort Orleans	1723	Brunswick	Missouri
Fort Ouiatenon	1717	West Lafayette	Indiana
Fort Pentagouet	1638	Castine	Maine
Fort St. Philip	1761	Buras-Triumph	Louisiana
Fort Pimiteoui	1691	Peoria	Illinois
Fort Presque Isle	1753	Erie	Pennsylvania
Fort Prudhomme	1682	Memphis	Tennessee
Fort Rosalie	1716	Natchez	Mississippi
Fort Ste. Anne	1666	Isle La Motte	Vermont
Fort St. Charles	1732	Lake of the Woods County	Minnesota
Fort St. Frédéric	1729–1757	Crown Point	New York
Fort St. Joseph	1691	Niles	Michigan
Fort St. Leon	1749	Belle Chase	Louisiana
Fort Saint Louis	1685	Inez	Texas
Fort St. Louis-Le Rocher	1682	North Utica	Illinois
Fort St. Marie	1746	English Turn	Louisiana
Fort Sandoské	1745	Sandusky Bay	Ohio
Fort de Tombecbé	1735–37	Epes	Alabama
Fort Toulouse	1717	Wetumpka	Alabama
Fort Vincennes	1731–32	Vincennes	Indiana

References[]

^ ^a ^b Québec Citadel. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
^ "Historic District of Old Québec". World Heritage Convention. UNESCO. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
^ Rene Chartrand (2013). French Fortresses in North America 1535–1763: Quebec, Montreal, Louisbourg and New Orleans. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-0317-7.
^ ^a ^b Rene Chartrand (2013). The Forts of New France in Northeast America 1600–1763. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-0318-4.
^ ^a ^b René Chartrand (2010). The Forts of New France: The Great Lakes, the Plains and the Gulf Coast, 1600-1763. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-504-3.
^ "Landmarks and monuments Saint-Pierre and Miquelon". Archived from the original on 2010-07-25. Retrieved 2010-07-08.

[CRHP-1] Québec Citadel. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 16 September 2011.

[2] "Historic District of Old Québec". World Heritage Convention. UNESCO. Retrieved 16 September 2011.

[Chartrand2013b-3] Rene Chartrand (2013). French Fortresses in North America 1535–1763: Quebec, Montreal, Louisbourg and New Orleans. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-0317-7.

[Chartrand2013-4] Rene Chartrand (2013). The Forts of New France in Northeast America 1600–1763. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-0318-4.

[Chartrand2010-5] René Chartrand (2010). The Forts of New France: The Great Lakes, the Plains and the Gulf Coast, 1600-1763. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-504-3.

[6] "Landmarks and monuments Saint-Pierre and Miquelon". Archived from the original on 2010-07-25. Retrieved 2010-07-08.

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List of French forts in North America

Contents

Canada[]

Saint Pierre and Miquelon[]

United States[]

See also[]

References[]