List of Lactarius species

The genus Lactarius has about 583 members worldwide.^[1] The type species is Lactarius torminosus. Probably the best known and most widely eaten is Lactarius deliciosus. A large number of species were split into the Lactifluus genus based on molecular phylogenetic evidence.

Key[]

Name	The binomial name of the Lactarius species. "#" indicates a species with a suggested English common name, listed further below.
Author	The author citation—the person who first described the species using an available scientific name, eventually combined with the one who placed it in Lactarius, and using standardized abbreviations.
Year	The year in which the species was named, or transferred to the genus Lactarius.
Classification	First is always the subgenus, then section, then (if the section is further subdivided), the subsection.
Distribution	The distribution of the species.

Species[]

Species name	Author	Year	Classification	Distribution
Lactarius abbotanus	K.Das & J.R.Sharma	2003	Piperites Piperites Scrobiculati	India
Lactarius acerrimus	Britzelm.	1893	Piperites Zonarii Zonarii	Europe
Lactarius acicularis	Van de Putte & Verbeken	2010	Lactifluus Dulces	Thailand
Lactarius acris	(Bolton) Gray	1821	Plinthogalus Plinthogali	Europe
Lactarius acrissimus	Verbeken & Van Rooij	2003		Benin
Lactarius acutus	R.Heim	1955		Guinea, French Guinea
Lactarius adhaerens	R.Heim	1938		Madagascar
Lactarius adscitus	Britzelm.	1885
Lactarius adustus	Rick	1938		Brazil
Lactarius affinis#	Peck	1873	Russularia Triviales	North America
Lactarius agglutinatus	Burl.	1908		North America
Lactarius alachuanus	Murrill	1938		North America
Lactarius albocarneus	Britzelm.	1895	Piperites Glutinosi Pallidini	Europe
Lactarius albolutescens	Thiers	1957		North America
	Singer	1948		North America
Lactarius alnicola#	A.H.Sm.	1960	Piperites Scrobiculati	North America
	Peck	1875		North America
	Verbeken & U.Eberhardt^[2]	2004	Plinthogali	Zambia
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	(Beeli) Buyck	1989		Africa
	Kytöv.	1984	Piperites Zonarii Scrobiculati	Europe
	Murrill	1941		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius argillaceifolius#	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979	Tristes Pseudomyxacium
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius aspideoides#	Kühner	1975	Piperites Aspideini
	(Fr.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Uvidi Aspideini	Europe
	Bon	1975		Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	J.Z.Ying	1991	Gerardii	China, Malaysia
	Peck	1889		North America
#	(Pers.) Gray	1821	Russularia Russularia	Europe
	Verbeken	1996		Africa
	Kytöv.	1984	Piperites Zonarii Scrobiculati	Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius austrovolemus	Hongo	1973		New Guinea
Lactarius azonites	(Bull.) Fr.	1838	Plinthogalus Plinthogali	Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Kühner & Romagn.	1954		Europe, North America
Lactarius baliophaeus	Pegler	1969	Nigrescentes	Africa
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979	Lactarius	North America
	Massee	1914	Gerardii	Asia, North America
Lactarius blennius#	(Fr.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Glutinosi Pyrogalini	Europe
		1941	Piperites Uvidi Uvidini	Europe
	Peck	1910		North America
	Murrill	1939		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius camphoratus#	(Bull.) Fr.	1838	Russularia Olentes	Europe
	A.H.Sm.	1960		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Hesler	1960		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius chelidonium	Peck	1872	Lactarius	North America
Lactarius chromospermus	Pegler	1982		Africa
Lactarius chrysorrheus#	Fr.	1838	Piperites Zonarii Croceini	Europe, North America
Lactarius cilicioides	(Fr.) Fr.	1838		Europe
	Stubbe & Verbeken	2008	Plinthogali	Malaysia
	Peck	1872		North America
	Fr.	1838	Piperites Glutinosi Pyrogalini	Europe
Lactarius cistophilus	Bon & Trimbach	1978		Europe
	Pouzar	1968	Piperites Zonarii Scrobiculati	Europe
	Grgur.	1997		Australia
	Methven	1985		North America
	Beardslee & Burl.	1940		North America
	Coker	1918		North America
	Peck	1905		North America
Lactarius controversus	Pers.	1800	Piperites Zonarii Zonarii	Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Stubbe & Verbeken	2008	Plinthogali	Malaysia
	Burl.	1908		North America
	Bon	1978	Russularia Tabidi	Europe
	Quél.	1886	Russularia Russularia	Europe
	Burl.	1908	Piperites Piperites Scrobiculati	North America
Lactarius deliciosus#	(L.) Gray	1821	Piperites Deliciosi/Dapetes	Northern hemisphere, Australia
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Verbeken & Stubbe	2008		Cameroon
Lactarius deterrimus#	Gröger	1968	Piperites Deliciosi/Dapetes	Europe
	Douanla-Meli	2009		Cameroon
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	(Pegler) Verbeken & U.Eberhardt^[2]	2004	Plinthogali	Zambia
	Kühner	1975	Piperites Glutinosi Aspideini	Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	A.H.Sm.	1960	Russularia Russularia	Europe, North America
	Thiers	1957		North America
	Thiers	1957		North America
	Verbeken & Stubbe	2014		Sri Lanka
	Verbeken & Stubbe	2014		Sri Lanka
Lactarius eucalypti	O.K.Mill. & R.N. Hilton	1987		Australia
	Kühner & Romagn.	1954	Piperites Zonarii Zonarii	Europe
	Verbeken&VandePutte	2014		Sri Lanka
Lactarius fallax#	A.H.Sm. & Hesler	1962	Plinthogalus Plinthogalus
Lactarius fennoscandicus	Verbeken & Vesterh.	1998	Piperites Deliciosi/Dapetes	Europe
	Stubbe & Verbeken	2008	Plinthogali	Malaysia
	Boud.	1887	Piperites Uvidi Aspideini	Europe
	Kytöv.	2009		Finland
	Kytöv.	2009		Finland
	Stubbe & Verbeken	2008	Plinthogali	Borneo, Malaysia
Lactarius flexuosus	(Pers.) Gray	1821	Piperites Glutinosi Pyrogalini	Europe
	Beardslee & Burl.	1940		North America
	Boud.	1899	Piperites Glutinosi Pyrogalini	Europe
Lactarius fragilis	(Burl.) Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979	Russularia Thejogali
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius fuliginellus	A.H.Sm. & Hesler	1962		North America
Lactarius fuliginosus#	(Krapf) Fr.	1838	Plinthogalus Plinthogali	Europe
Lactarius fulvissimus#	Romagn.	1954	Russularia Russularia	Europe
	Stubbe & Verbeken	2008	Plinthogali	Malaysia
	Burl.	1945		North America
Lactarius fumosus#	Peck	1872	Plinthogalus Fumosi	North America
	Montoya, Bandala & Haug	2011	Gerardii	Mexico
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	V.L. Wells & Kempton	1974		North America
	Sumst.	1941		North America
Lactarius glyciosmus#	(Fr.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Colorati Coloratini	Europe, North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Peck	1873		North America
	Nobuj. Tanaka	1890		Asia
Lactarius helvus#	(Fr.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Colorati Coloratini	Europe, North America
#	Plowr.	1905	Russularia Russularia	Europe, North America
	Peck	1908		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Nuytinck & Verbeken	2006	Gerardii	Indonesia
	Korhonen & T. Ulvinen	1985	Piperites Glutinosi Trivialini	Europe
	(Fr.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Glutinosi Pallidini	Europe, North America
	Piltaver	1992		Slovenia
	M.X.Zhou & H.A.Wen	2008		Tibet
	Beardslee & Burl.	1940		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius indigo#	(Schwein.) Fr.	1838	Lactarius	North America, Asia, Central America
Lactarius kabansus	Pegler & Piearce	1980		Zambia
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	(Romagn.) ex	1960	Russularia Russularia	Europe
	O.K.Mill. & Laursen	1973	Russularia Russularia	Europe, North America
	Burl.	1908		North America
	Coker	1918		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		Europe, North America
	Kytöv.	1984	Piperites Zonarii Scrobiculati	Europe
	A.H.Sm. & Hesler	1962		North America
Lactarius lignyotus	Fr.	1855	Plinthogalus Plinthogali	Europe, North America
Lactarius lilacinus	(Lasch) Fr.	1838	Piperites Colorati Coloratini	Europe
	Beardslee & Burl.	1940		North America
Lactarius longipilus	Van de Putte, Le & Verbeken	2010	Lactifluus Dulces	Thailand
	Homola	1976		North America
	Burl.	1936		North America
	(Pers.) Gray	1821	Piperites Uvidi Uvidini	Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
^[a]	Peck	1896		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius maculatipes	Burl.	1942		North America
	Peck	1888		North America
	Murrill	1916		North America
Lactarius mammosus	Fr.	1838	Piperites Colorati Coloratini	Europe
Lactarius mairei	Malençon	1939	Piperites Piperites	Europe
	Methven	1985		North America
	Grgur.	1997		Australia
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Burl.	1907		North America
	(Fr.) Fr.	1838		Europe, North America
	(Hesler & A.H.Sm.) Montoya & Bandala	2003
	Thiers	1957		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Burl.	1908		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
#	Fr.	1838	Piperites Glutinosi Pallidini	Europe
	Peck	1890		North America
	J.Favre	1955	Piperites Glutinosi Trivialini	Europe
	A.H.Sm.	1983		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
#	Romagn.	1974	Russularia Tabidi	Europe, North America
	A.H.Sm.	1960		North America
	Hayisha	2006	Gerardii	China, Japan, Borneo
	(Peck) Burl.	1907		North America
	Hesler	1979		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Kytöv.	1984	Piperites Zonarii Scrobiculati	Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Romagn.	1974	Russularia Tabidi	Europe, South America
Lactarius pallescens	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979	Tristes Violaceo-Maculati	North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Stubbe & Verbeken	2008	Plinthogali	Malaysia
	Barge & C.L.Cripps	2016		North America
Lactarius pallidus#	Pers.	1797	Piperites Glutinosi Pallidini	Europe
	Peck	1885		North America
	Stubbe & Verbeken	2008	Plinthogali	Malaysia
Lactarius paradoxus	Beardslee & Burl.	1940	Lactarius	North America
	Malençon ex Basso	2009		Morocco
	Murrill	1940		North America
	A.H.Sm.	1960		North America
	Burl.	1908		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Fr.	1838	Plinthogalus Plinthogali	Europe
		1968	Piperites Glutinosi Pyrogalini	Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Verbeken & Stubbe	2014		Sri Lanka
Lactarius porninsis	Rolland	1889	Piperites Zonarii Zonarii	Europe
	Murrill	1943		North America
	Beardslee & Burl.	1940		North America
Lactarius psammicola	A.H.Sm.	1941		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	A.H.Sm.	1960		North America
	Beardslee & Burl.	1940		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius pseudomucidus	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Kühner	1975	Piperites Uvidi Uvidini	Europe
	Romagn.	1949	Plinthogalus Plinthogali	Europe
Lactarius pubescens	(Gillet) & Kuntze	1949		Europe, America
Lactarius pyrogalus#	(Bull.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Glutinosi Pyrogalini	Europe, North America
Lactarius pubescens#	Fr.	1838	Piperites Piperites	Europe, North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius quercuum	Singer	1963		Bolivia
Lactarius quieticolor	Romagn.	1958	Piperites Deliciosi/Dapetes	Europe
Lactarius quietus#	(Fr.) Fr.	1838	Russularia Russularia	Europe, North America
Lactarius repraesentaneus#	Britzelm.	1885	Piperites Uvidi Aspideini	Europe, North America
Lactarius resimus	(Fr.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Zonarii Scrobiculati	Europe, North America
	Peck	1906		North America
	Methven	1985		North America
	Bon	1979	Plinthogalus Plinthogali	Europe
	() Britzelm.	1885	Piperites Glutinosi Pyrogalini	Europe
	Heilm.-Claus.	1998	Russularia Olentes	Europe
Lactarius rubidus#	(Hesler & A.H.Sm.) Methven	1997		North America
Lactarius rubrilacteus#	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979	Lactarius	North America
	, Saylor & Thiers^[4]	2003	Dapetes	USA
	Fr.	1863	Russularia Tabidi	Europe
	R.Heim	1938		Madagascar
Lactarius rufulus#	Peck	1907	Russularia Thejogali	North America
Lactarius rufus#	(Scop.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Colorati Rufini	Europe, North America
	Romagn.	1957	Plinthogalus Plinthogali	Europe, North America
Lactarius rupestris	Wartchow	2010		Brazil
	Kühner	1975	Piperites Uvidi Aspideini	Europe
	Kühner	1975	Piperites Uvidi Aspideini	Europe, America
Lactarius salmoneus	Peck	1898	Lactarius	North America
Lactarius salmonicolor	R.Heim & Leclair	1953	Lactarius	Europe, North America
Lactarius sanguifluus	() Fr.	1838	Piperites Deliciosi/Dapetes	Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Verbeken & Stubbe	2014		Sri Lanka
Lactarius scoticus	Berk. & Broome	1879	Piperites Piperites	Europe
Lactarius scrobiculatus	(Scop.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Zonarii Scrobiculati	Europe, North America
Lactarius semisanguifluus	R.Heim & Leclair	1950	Piperites Deliciosi/Dapetes	Europe
#	(DC.) Fr.	1838	Russularia Olentes	Europe
	Stubbe & Verbeken	2014		Sri Lanka
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	(J.E.Lange) Romagn.	1957		North America
	(Fr.) Neuhoff	1956	Russularia Russularia	Europe
#	Quél.	1880	Piperites Piperites	Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius subbaliophaeus	Maba & Yorou	2014	Nigrescentes	Togo, Africa
	Kühner	1975	Piperites Glutinosi Trivialini	Europe
	Grgur.	1997		Australia
Lactarius subdulcis#	(Pers.) Gray	1821	Russularia Russularia	Europe
Lactarius subflammeus#	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979	Russularia Russularia	North America
	& E. Horak	2000		India, China, Papua New Guinea, Japan?
	Murrill	1948		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius subumbonatus		1845	Russularia Olentes	Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Coker	1918		North America
	Peck	1878	Lactarius	North America
Lactarius subserifluus	Longyear	1902		North America
	A.H.Sm.	1960		North America
	Muriill	1939		North America
		1960		North America
Lactarius subtorminosus	Coker	1918		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius subvelutinus	Peck	1904		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1960		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Peck	1905		North America
		1956	Piperites Glutinosi Pyrogalini	Europe
Lactarius tabidus#	Fr.	1838	Russularia Tabidi	Europe
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius tesquorum	Malençon	1979		Morocco, Mediterranean Europe
	(A.H.Sm. & Hesler) Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius theiogalus	(Bull.)	1821		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius thyinos	A.H.Sm.	1960		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius torminosulus	Knudsen & T.Borgen	1996	Piperites Piperites	Europe
Lactarius torminosus#	(Schaeff.) Pers.	1797	Piperites Piperites	Europe, North America
Lactarius trivialis	(Fr.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Glutinosi Trivialini	Europe, North America
	Kytöv.	1984	Piperites Zonarii Scrobiculati	Europe
Lactarius turpis#	(Weinm.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Atroviridi	Europe, North America
	Verbeken & Stubbe	2008		Cameroon
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	(Weinm.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Glutinosi Trivialini	Europe
Lactarius uvidus	(Weinm.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Uvidi Uvidini	Europe, North Africa, North America
	Stubbe & Verbeken	2008	Plinthogali	Malaysia
Lactarius vietus#	(Fr.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Glutinosi Pyrogalini	Europe, North America
Lactarius villosus	Clem.	1896		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
Lactarius vinaceorufescens	A.H.Sm.	1960		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
^[5]				Europe
	() Fr.	1839	Piperites Uvidi Uvidini	Europe
Lactarius vitellinus	Van de Putte & Verbeken	2010	Lactifluus Dulces	Thailand
	Murrill	1940		North America
Lactarius xanthogalactus#	Peck	1907		North America
	Singer	1945		North America
	Hesler & A.H.Sm.	1979		North America
	Kühner & Romagn.	1954	Piperites Zonarii Zonarii	Europe
Lactarius zonarius	(Bull.) Fr.	1838	Piperites Zonarii Zonarii	Europe, North America

English names[]

L. affinis: Kindred milkcap
L. alnicola: Golden milkcap
L. argillaceifolius: Vulgar milkcap
L. aspideoides: Bright yellow milkcap
: Orange milkcap
L. blennius: Beech milkcap
L. camphoratus: Curry milkcap
L. chrysorrheus: Yellowdrop milkcap
L. corrugis: Corrugated-cap milky
L. deceptivus: Deceiving milkcap
L. deliciosus: Saffron milkcap
L. deterrimus: False saffron milkcap
L. fallax: Velvety milk cap
L. fragilis: Candy milkcap
L. fuliginosus: Sooty milkcap
L. fulvissimus: Tawny milkcap
L. fumosus: Smoky milkcap
L. glyciosmus: Coconut milkcap
L. helvus: Fenugreek milkcap
: Liver milkcap
L. indigo: Indigo milkcap
: Pine milkcap
: Alder milkcap
L. pallidus: Pale milkcap
L. piperatus: Peppery milkcap
L. pyrogalus: Fiery milkcap
: Bearded milkcap
L. quietus: Oakbug milkcap
L. representaneus: Northern bearded milkcap, northern milkcap, purple-staining milkcap, yellow-bearded milkcap
L. rubidus: Candy milkcap
L. rubrilacteus: Bleeding milkcap
L. rufulus: Rufus (rufous) Candy milkcap
L. rufus: Rufous milkcap
: Watery milkcap
: Lilacscale milkcap
L. subdulcis: Mild milkcap
L. subflammeus: Orange milkcap
L. tabidus: Birch milkcap
L. torminosus: Woolly milkcap
L. turpis: Ugly milkcap
L. vellereus: Fleecy milkcap
L. vietus: Grey milkcap
L. volemus: Weeping milk cap, voluminous-latex milky
L. xanthogalactus: Pepper milkcap

References[]

Footnotes

^ Edible^[3]

Citations

^ Lee, Hyun; Wissitrassameewong, Komsit; Smythe, Jim; Myung Soo, Park; Verbeken, Annemieke; Eimes, John; Lim, Young Woon (2019-05-10). "Taxonomic revision of the genus Lactarius (Russulales, Basidiomycota) in Korea". Fungal Diversity. 95: 275–335. doi:10.1007/s13225-019-00425-6. S2CID 149443885. Retrieved 2020-10-07. To date, 583 Lactarius species have been recorded globally
^ ^a ^b Eberhardt U, Verbeken A (2004). "Sequestrate Lactarius species from tropical Africa: L. angiocarpus sp. nov. and L. dolichocaulis comb. nov". Mycological Research. 108 (9): 1042–52. doi:10.1017/s0953756204000784. PMID 15506016.
^ Phillips 2010, p. 106.
^ Desjardin DE. (2003). "A unique ballistosporic hypogeous sequestrate Lactarius from California". Mycologia. 95 (1): 148–55. doi:10.2307/3761974. JSTOR 3761974. PMID 21156601.
^ Nuytinck J, Verbeken A (2003). "Lactarius sanguifluus versus Lactarius vinosus: molecular and morphological analyses". Mycological Progress. 2 (3): 227–34. doi:10.1007/s11557-006-0060-5. S2CID 19535296.

Sources[]

Bessette AR, Bessette AE, Harris DB (2009). Milk Mushrooms of North America: A Field Guide to the Genus Lactarius. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-3229-0.
Heilmann-Clausen J, Verbeken A, Vesterholt J (1998). The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe. 2. Mundelstrup, Denmark: Svampetryk (Danish Mycological Society). ISBN 87-983581-4-6.
Hesler LR, Smith AH (1979). North American Species of Lactarius. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08440-2.
Phillips, Roger (2010) [2005]. Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
"Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK" (PDF). British Mycological Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16.

[4] Edible^[3]

[2019Korea-1] Lee, Hyun; Wissitrassameewong, Komsit; Smythe, Jim; Myung Soo, Park; Verbeken, Annemieke; Eimes, John; Lim, Young Woon (2019-05-10). "Taxonomic revision of the genus Lactarius (Russulales, Basidiomycota) in Korea". Fungal Diversity. 95: 275–335. doi:10.1007/s13225-019-00425-6. S2CID 149443885. Retrieved 2020-10-07. To date, 583 Lactarius species have been recorded globally

[Eberhardt2004-2] Eberhardt U, Verbeken A (2004). "Sequestrate Lactarius species from tropical Africa: L. angiocarpus sp. nov. and L. dolichocaulis comb. nov". Mycological Research. 108 (9): 1042–52. doi:10.1017/s0953756204000784. PMID 15506016.

[FOOTNOTEPhillips2010106-3] Phillips 2010, p. 106.

[Desjardin2003-5] Desjardin DE. (2003). "A unique ballistosporic hypogeous sequestrate Lactarius from California". Mycologia. 95 (1): 148–55. doi:10.2307/3761974. JSTOR 3761974. PMID 21156601.

[6] Nuytinck J, Verbeken A (2003). "Lactarius sanguifluus versus Lactarius vinosus: molecular and morphological analyses". Mycological Progress. 2 (3): 227–34. doi:10.1007/s11557-006-0060-5. S2CID 19535296.

[1]

[2]

[a]

[4]

[5]

[3]