List of Roman consuls
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This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period.
Background[]
Republican consuls[]
From the establishment of the Republic to the time of Augustus, the consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman state, and normally there were two of them, so that the executive power of the state was not vested in a single individual, as it had been under the kings.[1][2] As other ancient societies dated historical events according to the reigns of their kings, it became customary at Rome to date events by the names of the consuls in office when the events occurred, rather than (for instance) by counting the number of years since the foundation of the city, although that method could also be used.[2] If a consul died during his year of office, another was elected to replace him. Although his imperium was the same as his predecessor's, he was termed consul suffectus, in order to distinguish him from the consul ordinarius whom he replaced; but the eponymous magistrates for each year were normally the consules ordinarii.[1][2]
Because of this method of dating events, it was important to keep records of each year's eponymous magistrates. Many such lists have survived, either in the form of monumental inscriptions, conventionally referred to as fasti, or indirectly through the ancient historians, who had access to linen rolls recording the names of magistrates. Although these lists account for the entire period of the Republic, and most of Imperial times, there are discrepancies due to gaps and disagreements between different sources. Many of these no doubt arose as copying errors, especially those that involved the substitution of a familiar name for a less common one. Others may represent later attempts to edit the lists in order to explain deficiencies in the record, to reconcile conflicting traditions, or to ascribe particular actions or events to the time of a particular individual.[3]
Other magistrates included[]
Occasionally, the authority of the consuls was temporarily superseded by the appointment of a dictator, who held greater imperium than that of the consuls.[1] By tradition, these dictators laid down their office upon the completion of the task for which they were nominated, or after a maximum period of six months, and did not continue in office longer than the year for which the nominating consul had been elected.[4] However, in four years at the end of the fourth century BC, dictators are said to have continued in office in the year following their nomination, in place of consuls. Modern scholars are skeptical of these years, which might be due to later editing of the lists of magistrates in order to fill a gap.[5] All known dictators have been included in this table.
Two other types of magistrates are listed during the period of the Republic. In the year 451 BC, a board of ten men, known as decemviri, or decemvirs, was appointed in place of the consuls in order to draw up the tables of Roman law, in a sense establishing the Roman constitution. According to tradition, a second college of decemvirs was appointed for the next year, and these continued in office illegally into 449, until they were overthrown in a popular revolt, and the consulship was reinstated.[6][7]
Among the disputes which the decemvirs failed to resolve was the relationship between the patricians, Rome's hereditary aristocracy, and the plebeians, or common citizens. Although it has been argued that some of the consuls prior to the Decemvirate may have been plebeians, the office was definitely closed to them in the second half of the fifth century BC. To prevent open hostility between the two orders, the office of military tribune with consular power, or "consular tribune", was established. In place of patrician consuls, the people could elect a number of military tribunes, who might be either patrician or plebeian.[2][8]
According to Livy, this compromise held until 376 BC, when two of the tribunes of the plebs, Gaius Licinius Calvus Stolo and Lucius Sextius Lateranus, blocked the election of any magistrates for the following year, unless the senate would agree to place a law before the people opening the consulship to the plebeians, and effecting other important reforms. The senate refused, and the tribunes continued to prevent the election of magistrates for several years until the senate capitulated, and the lex Licinia Sextia was passed, leading to the election of the first plebeian consul in 367.[2][8][9] Other accounts of this event are inconsistent, and current scholarly opinion is that the duration of the period without magistrates may have been exaggerated, or even invented to fill a gap in the record; nevertheless Roman tradition unanimously holds that Licinius and Sextius were able to open the consulship to the plebeians.[10]
The consulship in imperial times[]
In Imperial times the consulship became the senior administrative office under the emperors, who frequently assumed the title of consul themselves, and appointed other consuls at will.[1] The consulship was often bestowed as a political favour, or a reward for faithful service. Because there could only be two consuls at once, the emperors frequently appointed several sets of suffecti sequentially in the course of a year; holding the consulship for an entire year became a special honour.[1][2] As the office lost much of its executive authority, and the number of consuls appointed for short and often irregular periods increased, surviving lists from Imperial times are often incomplete, and have been reconstructed from many sources, not always with much certainty. In many cases it is stated that a particular person had been consul, but the exact time cannot be firmly established.
As an institution, the consulship survived the abdication of the last emperor of the West, and for a time consuls continued to be appointed, one representing the Eastern Roman Empire, and the other the Western, even as the Western Empire dissolved as a political entity. The last consuls appointed represented only the Eastern Empire, until finally the title became the sole province of the Emperor, who might or might not assume it upon taking office.[1][2]
Chronology[]
For the early Republic, this article observes the Varronian chronology, established by the historian Marcus Terentius Varro, who calculated that Rome was founded in what is now called the year 753 BC (the founding of the city was traditionally observed on the Palilia, a festival occurring on April 21). This becomes the year 1 ab urbe condita, or AUC. The Republic was established in 245 AUC, or 509 BC. Although other ancient historians gave different years, Varro's chronology was the most widely accepted; it was used in the Fasti Capitolini, and its use by Censorinus brought it to the attention of Joseph Scaliger, who helped popularize its use in modern times.[11][12]
For Imperial times, the dates of the consules ordinarii are far more certain than those of the suffecti, who were not recorded with the same attention as the eponymous magistrates. Their identification and dating is far more controversial, and despite the efforts of generations of scholars, gaps in coverage remain. Known consules suffecti are shown with their known (or reconstructed) dates of tenure, which normally varied from two to six months — although one suffect consul, Rosius Regulus, is known to have held the fasces for a single day, October 31, AD 69.[13] Where neither consul is known or inferred for a portion of the year, their names are omitted for convenience; if one consul can be named, but his colleague is unknown, the unnamed colleague is listed as ignotus (unknown).
Consules prior and posterior[]
The consul named first in the lists was identified as consul prior, whereas the other was called consul posterior. The two consuls' authority was technically equal.[1] There is evidence that, during the late Republic, the consul elected with the most votes became the consul prior, and the consul elected first also may have been the first in the year to hold fasces (take precedence), but the evidence is not conclusive.[14][15] The surviving sources for the order of the consuls in the early Republic show some measure of conflict in just under half of the cases.[16] Lily Ross Taylor argues that the emperor Augustus falsified some of the records in order to give prominence to several families, and that the order of consuls as reported by the historian Livy is the most reliable.[17][18][19] Drummond disagrees: he argues that Livy himself switches the correct order at times for literary purposes, and that discrepant entries in the sources are most likely simply the result of negligence.[20] Although there is probably one 'correct' order for all the consuls of the republic, or at least one underlying tradition reporting it, no surviving source seems to be more reliable than another to a significant extent.[21][22]
When the emperor assumed the consulship, he was necessarily consul prior. This distinction continued until the fourth century AD, when the Empire was divided into a Western Roman Empire and an Eastern Roman Empire: the consuls who were appointed by the court in the Western Empire, which was sometimes at Rome, are commonly identified as the "Western consul", and those appointed by the court in the Eastern, usually Constantinople, the "Eastern consul". These designations were used until the end of the consulship in the sixth century.[23]
Other lists of consuls[]
For a list of consuls whose year of office is uncertain or entirely unknown (usually suffecti, although some of the ordinarii in the breakaway Gallic Empire also lack dates[24]), see the List of undated Roman consuls. For those individuals who were elected consul but never assumed the office due to death, disgrace, or any other reason, see List of Roman consuls designate.
Key[]
Latin terms[]
- Imperator (abbreviated Imp.) = literally "commander"; originally an honorary title bestowed upon a general by his soldiers, the term later became part of the style of the emperors, and the word "emperor" is derived from it.
- suffectus (abbreviated suff.) = a substitute elected or appointed in place of a magistrate who died or resigned. Information is not available for all consules suffecti, and some may not be listed.
- ignotus = unknown. All consuls who can be assigned to a particular date, at least tentatively, are included in this table. If neither consul for a given period is known, they are entirely omitted; if one is known, and the other is not, the unknown colleague is referred to as ignotus.
- sine collega = without colleague. On a few occasions before the dissolution of the Western Empire, only one consul was appointed.
- post consulatum = after the (preceding) consulship. Used for gaps when no consuls were appointed for a period following the end of another consulship, or at least none are known to have been appointed.
- inter alios = among others.
Abbreviations for praenomina[]
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Colors[]
- Consular tribunes
- Decemviri
- Dictators
- Emperor serving as consul
Sixth century BC (509–501)[]
Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates of the consuls between 509 and 81 BC are taken from Thomas Broughton's The Magistrates of the Roman Republic.
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 509 | L. Junius Brutus[25] | L. Tarquinius Collatinus |
| suff. | Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus | P. Valerius Poplicola |
| suff. | M. Horatius Pulvillus | |
| 508 | P. Valerius Poplicola II | T. Lucretius Tricipitinus |
| 507 | P. Valerius Poplicola III | M. Horatius Pulvillus II[26] |
| 506 | Sp. Larcius | T. Herminius Aquilinus[27] |
| 505 | M. Valerius Volusus | P. Postumius Tubertus |
| 504 | P. Valerius Poplicola IV | T. Lucretius Tricipitinus II |
| 503 | Agrippa Menenius Lanatus | P. Postumius Tubertus II |
| 502 | Opiter Verginius Tricostus | Sp. Cassius Vecellinus |
| 501 | Post. Cominius Auruncus | T. Larcius |
Fifth century BC (500–401)[]
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 500 | Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus | M'. Tullius Longus |
| 499 | T. Aebutius Helva | C. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus |
| 498 | Q. Cloelius Siculus | T. Larcius II |
| 497 | A. Sempronius Atratinus | M. Minucius Augurinus |
| 496 | A. Postumius Albus Regillensis | T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus |
| 495 | Ap. Claudius Sabinus Inregillensis | P. Servilius Priscus Structus |
| 494 | A. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus | T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus |
| 493 | Post. Cominius Auruncus II | Sp. Cassius Vecellinus II |
| 492 | T. Geganius Macerinus | P. Minucius Augurinus |
| 491 | M. Minucius Augurinus II | A. Sempronius Atratinus II |
| 490 | Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus | Sp. Larcius II[28] |
| 489 | C. Julius Iullus | P. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus |
| 488 | Sp. Nautius Rutilus | Sex. Furius |
| 487 | T. Sicinius (or Siccius) Sabinus | C. Aquillius Tuscus |
| 486 | Sp. Cassius Vecellinus III | Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus |
| 485 | Q. Fabius Vibulanus | Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis[29] |
| 484 | L. Aemilius Mamercus | K. Fabius Vibulanus |
| 483 | M. Fabius Vibulanus | L. Valerius Potitus |
| 482 | C. Julius Iullus | Q. Fabius Vibulanus II[30][31] |
| 481 | K. Fabius Vibulanus II | Sp. Furius Fusus |
| 480 | M. Fabius Vibulanus II | Cn. Manlius Cincinnatus |
| 479 | K. Fabius Vibulanus III | T. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus |
| 478 | L. Aemilius Mamercus II[32] | C. Servilius Structus Ahala[33] |
| suff. | (Opiter Verginius? E)squilinus[34] | |
| 477 | C. (or M.) Horatius Pulvillus | T. Menenius Lanatus |
| 476 | A. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus | Sp. (or C.) Servilius Structus |
| 475 | P. Valerius Poplicola | C. Nautius Rutilus |
| 474 | L. Furius Medullinus | A. Manlius Vulso |
| 473 | L. Aemilius Mamercus III | Vopiscus Julius Iullus[35] |
| 472 | L. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus | P. Furius Medullinus Fusus |
| 471 | Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus | T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus |
| 470 | L. Valerius Potitus II | Ti. Aemilius Mamercus |
| 469 | T. Numicius Priscus | A. Verginius Caeliomontanus |
| 468 | T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus II | Q. Servilius Priscus |
| 467 | Ti. Aemilius Mamercus II | Q. Fabius Vibulanus |
| 466 | Q. Servilius Priscus II | Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis |
| 465 | Q. Fabius Vibulanus II | T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus III |
| 464 | A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis | Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus |
| 463 | P. Servilius Priscus | L. Aebutius Helva |
| 462 | L. Lucretius Tricipitinus | T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus |
| 461 | P. Volumnius Amintinus Gallus | Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus |
| 460 | P. Valerius Poplicola II | C. Claudius Inregillensis Sabinus |
| suff. | L. Quinctius Cincinnatus | |
| 459 | Q. Fabius Vibulanus III | L. Cornelius Maluginensis Uritinus |
| 458 | C. Nautius Rutilus II | (...) Carve(ntanus?)[36] |
| suff. | L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus | |
| 457 | C. (or M.) Horatius Pulvillus II | Q. Minucius Esquilinus (or L. Postumius) |
| 456 | M. Valerius Maximus Lactuca[37] | Sp. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus |
| 455 | T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus | C. Veturius Cicurinus |
| 454 | Sp. Tarpeius Montanus Capitolinus | A. Aternius Varus Fontinalis |
| 453 | P. Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus | Sex. Quinctilius[38] |
| suff. | Sp. Furius (Medullinus Fusus II?)[39] | |
| 452 | T. Menenius Lanatus | P. Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus |
| 451 | Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus II[40] | T. Genucius (or Minucius) Augurinus |
| First Decemvirate | ||
| Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus | T. Genucius (or Minucius) Augurinus | |
| T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus[41] | C. Julius Iullus | |
| A. Manlius Vulso | Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus | |
| P. Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus | P. Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus | |
| T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus | Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis | |
| 450 | Second Decemvirate | |
| Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus II | M. Cornelius Maluginensis | |
| M.(?) Sergius Esquilinus | L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus | |
| Q. Fabius Vibulanus | Q. Poetelius | |
| T. Antonius Merenda | K. Duillius | |
| Sp. Oppius Cornicen | M'. Rabuleius | |
| 449 | L. Valerius Poplicola Potitus | M. Horatius Turrinus Barbatus[42] |
| 448 | Lars Herminius Coritinesanus | T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus |
| 447 | M. Geganius Macerinus | C. Julius Iullus |
| 446 | T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus IV | Agrippa Furius Fusus |
| 445 | M. Genucius Augurinus | C. Curiatius Philo |
| 444 | Consular tribunes | |
| A. Sempronius Atratinus | L. Atilius Luscus | |
| T. Cloelius Siculus | ||
| suff. | L. Papirius Mugillanus[43] | L. Sempronius Atratinus |
| 443 | M. Geganius Macerinus II | T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus V |
| 442 | M. Fabius Vibulanus | Post. Aebutius Helva Cornicen |
| 441 | C. Furius Pacilus Fusus | M'. Papirius Crassus |
| 440 | Proc. Geganius Macerinus | T. Menenius Lanatus II[44] |
| 439 | Agrippa Menenius Lanatus | T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus VI |
| 438 | Consular tribunes | |
| Mam. Aemilius (Mamercinus?) | L. Quinctius Cincinnatus | |
| L. Julius Iullus[45] | ||
| 437 | M. Geganius Macerinus III | L. Sergius Fidenas |
| 436 | M. (or A.) Cornelius Maluginensis[46] | L. Papirius Crassus |
| 435 | C. Julius Iullus II | (L. or Proc.) Verginius Tricostus |
| 434 | Consular tribunes(?)[47] | |
| M. Manlius Capitolinus | Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus | |
| Ser. Cornelius Cossus | ||
| 433 | Consular tribunes | |
| M. Fabius Vibulanus | ||
| L. Sergius Fidenas | ||
| 432 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Pinarius Mamercinus | L. Furius Medullinus | |
| Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis | ||
| 431 | T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus | C. Julius Mento |
| 430 | C. (or L.) Papirius Crassus | L. Julius Iullus |
| 429 | Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus | L. Sergius Fidenas II |
| 428 | A. Cornelius Cossus | T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus II |
| 427 | C. Servilius Axilla[48] | L. Papirius Mugillanus |
| 426 | Consular tribunes[49] | |
| C. Furius Pacilus Fusus | T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus | |
| M. Postumius Albinus Regillensis | A. Cornelius Cossus | |
| 425 | Consular tribunes | |
| A. Sempronius Atratinus | L. Quinctius Cincinnatus II | |
| L. Furius Medullinus II | L. Horatius Barbatus[50] | |
| 424 | Consular tribunes | |
| Ap. Claudius Crassus | Sp. Nautius Rutilus | |
| L. Sergius Fidenas II | Sex. Julius Iullus | |
| 423 | C. Sempronius Atratinus | Q. Fabius Vibulanus |
| 422 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Manlius Capitolinus | Q. Antonius Merenda | |
| L. Papirius Mugillanus | ||
| 421 | N. (or Cn.) Fabius Vibulanus | T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus |
| 420 | Consular tribunes | |
| Quinctius Cincinnatus[51] | L. Furius Medullinus III | |
| M. Manlius Vulso | A. Sempronius Atratinus II | |
| 419 | Consular tribunes | |
| Agrippa Menenius Lanatus | P. Lucretius Tricipitinus | |
| Sp. Nautius Rutilus | C. Servilius Axilla | |
| 418 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Sergius Fidenas III | M. Papirius Mugillanus | |
| C. Servilius Axilla II | ||
| 417 | Consular tribunes | |
| P. Lucretius Tricipitinus II | Agrippa Menenius Lanatus II | |
| C. Servilius Axilla III | Sp. Veturius Crassus[52] | |
| 416 | Consular tribunes | |
| A. Sempronius Atratinus III | M. Papirius Mugillanus II | |
| Q. Fabius Vibulanus | Sp. Nautius Rutilus II | |
| 415 | Consular tribunes | |
| P. Cornelius Cossus | C. Valerius Potitus Volusus | |
| Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus | N. (or Cn.) Fabius Vibulanus | |
| 414 | Consular tribunes | |
| Cn. Cornelius Cossus | L. Valerius Potitus | |
| Q. Fabius Vibulanus II | P. Postumius Albinus Regillensis | |
| 413 | (A. or M.) Cornelius Cossus | L. Furius Medullinus |
| 412 | Q. Fabius Vibulanus (?)Ambustus (II?)[53] | C. Furius Pacilus |
| 411 | M. Papirius Mugillanus[54] | Sp. (or C.) Nautius Rutilus |
| 410 | M'. Aemilius Mamercinus | C. Valerius Potitus Volusus |
| 409 | Cn. Cornelius Cossus | L. Furius Medullinus II |
| 408 | Consular tribunes | |
| C. Julius Iullus | P. Cornelius Cossus | |
| C. Servilius Ahala | ||
| 407 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Furius Medullinus | C. Valerius Potitus Volusus II | |
| N. (or Cn.) Fabius Vibulanus II | C. Servilius Ahala II | |
| 406 | Consular tribunes | |
| P. Cornelius Rutilus Cossus | Cn. Cornelius Cossus | |
| N. (or Cn.) Fabius Ambustus | L. Valerius Potitus II | |
| 405 | Consular tribunes | |
| T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus | Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus II | |
| C. Julius Iullus II | A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus | |
| L. Furius Medullinus II | M'. Aemilius Mamercinus | |
| 404 | Consular tribunes | |
| C. Valerius Potitus Volusus III | M'. Sergius Fidenas | |
| P. Cornelius Maluginensis | Cn. Cornelius Cossus II | |
| K. Fabius Ambustus[55] | Sp. Nautius Rutilus III | |
| 403 | Consular tribunes | |
| M'. Aemilius Mamercinus II | L. Valerius Potitus III | |
| Ap. Claudius Crassus | M. Quinctilius Varus | |
| L. Julius Iullus | M. Furius Fusus | |
| 402 | Consular tribunes | |
| C. Servilius Ahala III | Q. Servilius Fidenas | |
| Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus | ||
| A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus II | M'. Sergius Fidenas II | |
| 401 | Consular tribunes[56] | |
| L. Valerius Potitus IV | M. Furius Camillus | |
| M'. Aemilius Mamercinus III | Cn. Cornelius Cossus III | |
| K. Fabius Ambustus II | L. Julius Iullus | |
Fourth century BC (400–301)[]
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 400 | Consular tribunes | |
| P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus | P. Manlius Vulso | |
| L. Titinius Pansa Saccus | P. Maelius Capitolinus | |
| Sp. Furius Medullinus | L. Publilius Philo Vulscus | |
| 399 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Atilius Priscus | ||
| M. Pomponius Rufus | C. Duillius Longus | |
| M. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus | Volero Publilius Philo | |
| 398 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Valerius Potitus V | M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus | |
| M. Furius Camillus II | L. Furius Medullinus III | |
| Q. Servilius Fidenas II | Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus II | |
| 397 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Julius Iullus II | L. Furius Medullinus IV | |
| L. Sergius Fidenas | A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis | |
| P. Cornelius Maluginensis | A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus III | |
| 396 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Titinius Pansa Saccus II | P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus II | |
| P. Maelius Capitolinus II | Q. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus | |
| II | L. Atilius Priscus II | |
| 395 | Consular tribunes | |
| P. Cornelius Cossus | P. Cornelius Scipio | |
| K. Fabius Ambustus III | L. Furius Medullinus V | |
| Q. Servilius Fidenas III | M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus II | |
| 394 | Consular tribunes | |
| M. Furius Camillus III | L. Furius Medullinus VI | |
| C. Aemilius Mamercinus | L. Valerius Poplicola | |
| Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis | P. Cornelius (Maluginensis or Scipio or Cossus) II | |
| 393 | L. Valerius Potitus (invalidated) | Cornelius Maluginensis (invalidated) |
| L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus | Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus | |
| 392 | L. Valerius Potitus II | M. Manlius Capitolinus |
| 391 | Consular tribunes[57] | |
| L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus | Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus | |
| L. Aemilius Mamercinus[58] | L. Furius Medullinus VII | |
| Agrippa Furius Fusus | C. Aemilius Mamercinus II | |
| 390 | Consular tribunes[59] | |
| Q. Fabius Ambustus | ||
| K. Fabius Ambustus IV | N. (or Cn.) Fabius Ambustus II | |
| Q. Servilius Fidenas IV | P. Cornelius Maluginensis II | |
| 389 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Valerius Poplicola II | L. Verginius Tricostus ( II?) | |
| P. Cornelius | A. Manlius Capitolinus | |
| L. Aemilius Mamercinus II | L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis | |
| (?) L. Papirius (Mugillanus?)[60] | (?) M. Furius | |
| 388 | Consular tribunes | |
| T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus | Q. Servilius Fidenas V | |
| L. Julius Iullus | L. Aquillius Corvus | |
| L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus II | Ser. Sulpicius Rufus | |
| 387 | Consular tribunes[61] | |
| L. Papirius Cursor | Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo | |
| L. Aemilius Mamercinus III | Licinus Menenius Lanatus | |
| L. Valerius Poplicola III | ||
| 386 | Consular tribunes | |
| M. Furius Camillus IV | Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis | |
| Q. Servilius Fidenas VI | L. Quinctius Cincinnatus | |
| L. Horatius Pulvillus | P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola | |
| 385 | Consular tribunes | |
| A. Manlius Capitolinus II | P. Cornelius | |
| T. Quinctius (Cincinnatus?) Capitolinus II | L. Quinctius Capitolinus | |
| L. Papirius Cursor II | Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo II | |
| 384 | Consular tribunes | |
| Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis II | P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola II | |
| M. Furius Camillus V | Ser. Sulpicius Rufus II | |
| C. (or L.) Papirius Crassus[62] | T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus (III?) | |
| 383 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Valerius Poplicola IV | A. Manlius Capitolinus IV | |
| Ser. Sulpicius Rufus III | L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus III | |
| L. Aemilius Mamercinus IV | M. Trebonius | |
| 382 | Consular tribunes | |
| Sp. Papirius Crassus | L. Papirius (Mugillanus?) | |
| Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis III | Q. Servilius Fidenas | |
| C. Sulpicius Camerinus | L. Aemilius Mamercinus V | |
| 381 | Consular tribunes | |
| M. Furius Camillus VI | A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis II | |
| L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis II | L. Furius Medullinus | |
| L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus IV | M. Fabius Ambustus | |
| 380 | Consular tribunes[63] | |
| L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola V | P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola III | |
| Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis IV | Licinus Menenius Lanatus II | |
| C. Sulpicius Peticus | L. Aemilius Mamercinus VI | |
| Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo III | Ti. Papirius Crassus | |
| L. Papirius Mugillanus II | ||
| 379 | Consular tribunes | |
| P. Manlius Capitolinus | Cn. Manlius Vulso | |
| L. Julius Iullus II | C. Sextilius | |
| M. Albinius | L. Antistius | |
| P. Trebonius[64] | C. Erenucius[64] | |
| 378 | Consular tribunes | |
| Sp. (or L.) Furius | Q. Servillius Fidenas II | |
| Licinus Menenius Lanatus III | P. Cloelius Siculus | |
| M. Horatius[65] | L. Geganius Macerinus[65] | |
| 377 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Aemilius Mamercinus | P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola IV | |
| C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus | Ser. Sulpicius (Rufus IV or Praetextatus) | |
| L. Quinctius Cincinnatus III | C. Quinctius Cincinnatus | |
| 376 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Papirius (Mugillanus?) III | Licinus Menenius Lanatus IV | |
| Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis V | Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus II | |
| 375 – 371 |
solitudo magistratuum According to Livy (6.35), the tribunes Gaius Licinius Stolo and Lucius Sextius introduced new laws known as the Lex Licinia Sextia, which provoked strong resistance from the patricians. Licinius Stolo and Sextius resorted to using the tribunican veto to prevent either consuls or consular tribunes from being elected. The actual length of this period is controversial, with primary sources stating it was one (Diodorus Siculus), five (Fasti Capitolini), or ten (Livy) years.[66] | |
| 370 | Consular tribunes | |
| L. Furius Medullinus II | A. Manlius Capitolinus V | |
| Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus III | Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis VI | |
| P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola V | C. Valerius Potitus | |
| 369 | Consular tribunes | |
| Q. Servilius Fidenas III | C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus II | |
| A. Cornelius Cossus | M. Cornelius Maluginensis | |
| Q. Quinctius (Cincinnatus?) | M. Fabius Ambustus II | |
| 368 | Consular tribunes | |
| T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus | Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis VII | |
| Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus IV | Sp. Servilius Structus | |
| L. Papirius Crassus | L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus | |
| 367 | Consular tribunes | |
| A. Cornelius Cossus II | M. Cornelius Maluginensis II | |
| M. Geganius Macerinus | P. Manlius Capitolinus II | |
| L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus II | P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola VI | |
| 366 | L. Aemilius Mamercinus | L. Sextius Sextinus Lateranus |
| 365 | L. Genucius Aventinensis | Q. Servilius Ahala |
| 364 | C. Sulpicius Peticus | [67] |
| 363 | Cn. Genucius Aventinensis | L. Aemilius Mamercinus II |
| 362 | Q. Servilius Ahala II | L. Genucius Aventinensis II |
| 361 | C. Licinius Stolo[67] | C. Sulpicius Peticus II |
| 360 | M. Fabius Ambustus | C. Poetelius Libo Visolus |
| 359 | M. Popillius Laenas | Cn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus |
| 358 | C. Fabius Ambustus | C. Plautius Proculus |
| 357 | C. Marcius Rutilus | Cn. Manlius Capitolinus (Imperiosus II?)[68] |
| 356 | M. Fabius Ambustus II | M. Popillius Laenas II |
| 355 | C. Sulpicius Peticus III | M. Valerius Poplicola |
| 354 | M. Fabius Ambustus III | T. Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus[69] |
| 353 | C. Sulpicius Peticus IV | M. Valerius Poplicola II |
| 352 | P. Valerius Poplicola | C. Marcius Rutilus II |
| 351 | C. Sulpicius Peticus V | T. (or C. or K.) Quinctius Poenus (II?)[70] |
| 350 | M. Popillius Laenas III | L. Cornelius Scipio |
| 349 | L. Furius Camillus[71] | Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis |
| 348 | M. Valerius Corvus | M. Popillius Laenas IV |
| 347 | C. Plautius Venno (or Venox) | T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus |
| 346 | M. Valerius Corvus II | C. Poetelius Libo Visolus II |
| 345 | M. Fabius Dorsuo | Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus |
| 344 | C. Marcius Rutilus III | T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus II |
| 343 | M. Valerius Corvus III | A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina |
| 342 | Q. Servilius Ahala III | C. Marcius Rutilus IV |
| 341 | C. Plautius Venno (or Venox) II | L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas |
| 340 | T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus III | P. Decius Mus |
| 339 | Ti. Aemilius Mamercinus | Q. Publilius Philo |
| 338 | L. Furius Camillus | C. Maenius |
| 337 | C. Sulpicius Longus | P. Aelius Paetus |
| 336 | L. Papirius Crassus | K. Duilius |
| 335 | M. Valerius Corvus IV | |
| 334 | Sp. Postumius Albinus (Caudinus) | T. Veturius Calvinus |
| 333 | Dictator: P. Cornelius Rufinus (fictitious year)[72] | |
| 332 | Cn. Domitius Calvinus | A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina II |
| 331 | C. Valerius Potitus | M. Claudius Marcellus |
| 330 | L. Papirius Crassus II | L. Plautius Venno (or Venox) |
| 329 | L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas II | C. Plautius Decianus |
| 328 | Plautius[73] | P. Cornelius ( or Scipio Barbatus) |
| 327 | Q. Publilius Philo II | |
| 326 | C. Poetelius Libo Visolus III | L. Papirius Cursor |
| 325 | L. Furius Camillus II | |
| 324 | Dictator: L. Papirius Cursor (fictitious year)[72] | |
| 323 | C. Sulpicius Longus II | Q. Aulius Cerretanus |
| 322 | Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus | L. Fulvius Curvus |
| 321 | T. Veturius Calvinus II | Sp. Postumius Albinus Caudinus II |
| 320 | Q. Publilius Philo III[74] | L. Papirius Cursor II |
| 319 | L. Papirius Cursor III | Q. Aulius Cerretanus II |
| 318 | M. Folius Flaccinator | L. Plautius Venno (or Venox) |
| 317 | C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus | Q. Aemilius Barbula |
| 316 | Sp. Nautius Rutilus | M. Popillius Laenas |
| 315 | L. Papirius Cursor IV | Q. Publilius Philo IV |
| 314 | M. Poetelius Libo | C. Sulpicius Longus III |
| 313 | L. Papirius Cursor V | C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus II |
| 312 | P. Decius Mus | |
| 311 | C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus III | Q. Aemilius Barbula II |
| 310 | Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus II | |
| 309 | Dictator: L. Papirius Cursor (fictitious year)[72] | |
| 308 | P. Decius Mus II | Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus III |
| 307 | Ap. Claudius Caecus[75] | L. Volumnius Flamma Violens |
| 306 | Q. Marcius Tremulus | P. Cornelius Arvina |
| 305 | L. Postumius Megellus | |
| suff. | M. Fulvius Curvus Paetinus | |
| 304 | P. Sempronius Sophus | |
| 303 | Ser. Cornelius Lentulus | |
| 302 | M. Aemilius Paullus | |
| 301 | Dictator: M. Valerius Maximus Corvus (fictitious year)[72] | |
Third century BC (300–201)[]
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 300 | M. Valerius Corvus V | Q. Appuleius Pansa |
| 299 | M. Fulvius Paetinus | T. Manlius Torquatus |
| suff. | M. Valerius Corvus VI | |
| 298 | L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus | Cn. Fulvius Maximus Centumalus |
| 297 | Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus IV | P. Decius Mus III |
| 296 | L. Volumnius Flamma Violens II | Ap. Claudius Caecus II |
| 295 | Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus V | P. Decius Mus IV |
| 294 | L. Postumius Megellus II | M. Atilius Regulus |
| 293 | Sp. Carvilius Maximus | |
| 292 | Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges | |
| 291 | L. Postumius Megellus III | |
| 290 | P. Cornelius Rufinus | M'. Curius Dentatus |
| 289 | II | |
| 288 | Q. Marcius Tremulus II | P. Cornelius Arvina II |
| 287 | M. Claudius Marcellus | C. Nautius Rutilus |
| 286 | M. Valerius Maximus (Potitus? III?) | C. Aelius Paetus |
| 285 | M. Aemilius Lepidus | |
| 284 | C. Servilius Tucca | L. Caecilius Metellus Denter |
| 283 | P. Cornelius Dolabella | Cn. Domitius Calvinus Maximus |
| 282 | C. Fabricius Luscinus | Q. Aemilius Papus |
| 281 | L. Aemilius Barbula | Q. Marcius Philippus |
| 280 | P. Valerius Laevinus | Ti. Coruncanius |
| 279 | P. Sulpicius Saverrio | P. Decius Mus |
| 278 | C. Fabricius Luscinus II | Q. Aemilius Papus II |
| 277 | P. Cornelius Rufinus II | II |
| 276 | Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges II | |
| 275 | M'. Curius Dentatus II | |
| 274 | M'. Curius Dentatus III | Ser. Cornelius Merenda |
| 273 | II | |
| 272 | II | Sp. Carvilius Maximus II |
| 271 | ||
| 270 | II | |
| 269 | ||
| 268 | ||
| 267 | M. Atilius Regulus | L. Julius Libo |
| 266 | N. Fabius Pictor | |
| 265 | Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges | L. Mamilius Vitulus |
| 264 | Ap. Claudius Caudex | M. Fulvius Flaccus |
| 263 | M'. Valerius Maximus Mesalla | M'. Otacilius Crassus |
| 262 | L. Postumius Megellus | Q. Mamilius Vitulus |
| 261 | L. Valerius Flaccus | T. Otacilius Crassus |
| 260 | Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina | C. Duilius |
| 259 | L. Cornelius Scipio | C. Aquillius Florus |
| 258 | A. Atilius Caiatinus | C. Sulpicius Paterculus |
| 257 | C. Atilius Regulus | II |
| 256 | L. Manlius Vulso Longus | Q. Caedicius |
| suff. | M. Atilius Regulus II | |
| 255 | ||
| 254 | Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina II | A. Atilius Caiatinus II |
| 253 | ||
| 252 | C. Aurelius Cotta | |
| 251 | L. Caecilius Metellus | |
| 250 | C. Atilius Regulus II | L. Manlius Vulso Longus II |
| 249 | P. Claudius Pulcher | |
| 248 | C. Aurelius Cotta II | II |
| 247 | L. Caecilius Metellus II | |
| 246 | M'. Otacilius Crassus II | M. Fabius Licinus |
| 245 | M. Fabius Buteo | C. Atilius Bulbus |
| 244 | A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus | II |
| 243 | C. Sulpicius Galus | |
| 242 | C. Lutatius Catulus | A. Postumius Albinus |
| 241 | A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus II | |
| 240 | C. Claudius Centho | |
| 239 | Q. Valerius Falto | |
| 238 | Ti. Sempronius Gracchus | P. Valerius Falto |
| 237 | Q. Fulvius Flaccus | |
| 236 | ||
| 235 | T. Manlius Torquatus | C. Atilius Bulbus II |
| 234 | L. Postumius Albinus | Sp. Carvilius Maximus Ruga |
| 233 | Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus | M'. Pomponius Matho |
| 232 | M. Aemilius Lepidus | M. Publicius Malleolus |
| 231 | ||
| 230 | M. Aemilius Barbula | M. Junius Pera |
| 229 | L. Postumius Albinus II | Cn. Fulvius Centumalus |
| 228 | Sp. Carvilius Maximus Ruga II | Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus II |
| 227 | P. Valerius Flaccus | M. Atilius Regulus |
| 226 | M. Valerius Messalla | L. Apustius Fullo |
| 225 | L. Aemilius Papus | C. Atilius Regulus |
| 224 | T. Manlius Torquatus II | Q. Fulvius Flaccus II |
| 223 | C. Flaminius | P. Furius Philus |
| 222 | M. Claudius Marcellus[76] | Cn. Cornelius Scipio Calvus |
| 221 | P. Cornelius Scipio Asina | M. Minucius Rufus |
| 220 | M. Valerius Laevinus (invalidated) | Q. Mucius Scaevola (invalidated) |
| C. Lutatius Catulus | L. Veturius Philo | |
| 219 | L. Aemilius Paullus | M. Livius Salinator |
| 218 | P. Cornelius Scipio | Ti. Sempronius Longus |
| 217 | Cn. Servilius Geminus | C. Flaminius II |
| suff. | M. Atilius Regulus II | |
| 216 | C. Terentius Varro | L. Aemilius Paullus II |
| 215 | L. Postumius Albinus III (killed before taking office) | Ti. Sempronius Gracchus |
| suff. | M. Claudius Marcellus II (invalidated) | |
| suff. | Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus III | |
| 214 | Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus IV | M. Claudius Marcellus III |
| 213 | Q. Fabius Maximus | Ti. Sempronius Gracchus II |
| 212 | Q. Fulvius Flaccus III | Ap. Claudius Pulcher |
| 211 | Cn. Fulvius Centumalus Maximus | P. Sulpicius Galba Maximus |
| 210 | M. Claudius Marcellus IV | M. Valerius Laevinus II |
| 209 | Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus V | Q. Fulvius Flaccus IV |
| 208 | M. Claudius Marcellus V | |
| 207 | C. Claudius Nero | M. Livius Salinator II |
| 206 | L. Veturius Philo | Q. Caecilius Metellus |
| 205 | P. Cornelius Scipio (Africanus) | P. Licinius Crassus Dives |
| 204 | M. Cornelius Cethegus | P. Sempronius Tuditanus |
| 203 | Cn. Servilius Caepio | C. Servilius Geminus |
| 202 | M. Servilius Pulex Geminus | Ti. Claudius Nero |
| 201 | Cn. Cornelius Lentulus | P. Aelius Paetus |
Second century BC (200–101)[]
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 200 | P. Sulpicius Galba Maximus II | |
| 199 | L. Cornelius Lentulus | P. Villius Tappulus |
| 198 | T. Quinctius Flamininus | Sex. Aelius Paetus Catus |
| 197 | C. Cornelius Cethegus | Q. Minucius Rufus |
| 196 | L. Furius Purpureo | M. Claudius Marcellus |
| 195 | L. Valerius Flaccus | M. Porcius Cato |
| 194 | P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus II | Ti. Sempronius Longus |
| 193 | L. Cornelius Merula | Q. Minucius Thermus |
| 192 | L. Quinctius Flamininus | Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus |
| 191 | P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica | M'. Acilius Glabrio |
| 190 | L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus | C. Laelius |
| 189 | M. Fulvius Nobilior | Cn. Manlius Vulso |
| 188 | M. Valerius Messalla | C. Livius Salinator |
| 187 | M. Aemilius Lepidus | C. Flaminius |
| 186 | Sp. Postumius Albinus | Q. Marcius Philippus |
| 185 | Ap. Claudius Pulcher | |
| 184 | P. Claudius Pulcher | |
| 183 | M. Claudius Marcellus | |
| 182 | L. Aemilius Paullus (Macedonicus) | |
| 181 | P. Cornelius Cethegus | M. Baebius Tamphilus |
| 180 | A. Postumius Albinus Luscus | C. Calpurnius Piso |
| suff. | ||
| 179 | Q. Fulvius Flaccus | L. Manlius Acidinus Fulvianus |
| 178 | A. Manlius Vulso | |
| 177 | C. Claudius Pulcher | Ti. Sempronius Gracchus |
| 176 | ||
| suff. | C. Valerius Laevinus | |
| 175 | P. Mucius Scaevola | M. Aemilius Lepidus II |
| 174 | Sp. Postumius Albinus Paullulus | Q. Mucius Scaevola |
| 173 | L. Postumius Albinus | M. Popillius Laenas |
| 172 | C. Popillius Laenas | P. Aelius Ligus |
| 171 | P. Licinius Crassus | C. Cassius Longinus |
| 170 | A. Hostilius Mancinus | A. Atilius Serranus |
| 169 | Q. Marcius Philippus II | Cn. Servilius Caepio |
| 168 | L. Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus II | |
| 167 | Q. Aelius Paetus | |
| 166 | M. Claudius Marcellus | |
| 165 | T. Manlius Torquatus | Cn. Octavius |
| 164 | A. Manlius Torquatus | Q. Cassius Longinus |
| 163 | Ti. Sempronius Gracchus II | |
| 162 | P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum | C. Marcius Figulus |
| suff. | Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus | |
| 161 | M. Valerius Messalla | |
| 160 | L. Anicius Gallus | M. Cornelius Cethegus |
| 159 | M. Fulvius Nobilior | |
| 158 | M. Aemilius Lepidus | C. Popillius Laenas II |
| 157 | Sex. Julius Caesar | L. Aurelius Orestes |
| 156 | C. Marcius Figulus II | |
| 155 | P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum II | M. Claudius Marcellus II |
| 154 | L. Postumius Albinus | |
| suff. | ||
| 153 | Q. Fulvius Nobilior[77] | T. Annius Luscus |
| 152 | M. Claudius Marcellus III | L. Valerius Flaccus |
| 151 | L. Licinius Lucullus | A. Postumius Albinus |
| 150 | M'. Acilius Balbus | |
| 149 | L. Marcius Censorinus | M'. Manilius |
| 148 | Sp. Postumius Albinus Magnus | L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus |
| 147 | P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus | C. Livius Drusus |
| 146 | Cn. Cornelius Lentulus | L. Mummius Achaicus |
| 145 | Q. Fabius Maximus Aemilianus | L. Hostilius Mancinus |
| 144 | Ser. Sulpicius Galba | L. Aurelius Cotta |
| 143 | Ap. Claudius Pulcher | Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus |
| 142 | L. Caecilius Metellus Calvus | Q. Fabius Maximus Servilianus |
| 141 | Q. Pompeius | |
| 140 | C. Laelius Sapiens | Q. Servilius Caepio |
| 139 | ||
| 138 | P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio | D. Junius Brutus (Callaicus) |
| 137 | M. Aemilius Lepidus Porcina | C. Hostilius Mancinus |
| 136 | L. Furius Philus | |
| 135 | Ser. Fulvius Flaccus | |
| 134 | P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus II | C. Fulvius Flaccus |
| 133 | P. Mucius Scaevola | L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi |
| 132 | P. Popillius Laenas | P. Rupilius |
| 131 | P. Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus | L. Valerius Flaccus |
| 130 | L. Cornelius Lentulus | M. Perperna |
| suff. | Ap. Claudius Pulcher | |
| 129 | C. Sempronius Tuditanus | M'. Aquillius |
| 128 | T. Annius Rufus | |
| 127 | L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla | L. Cornelius Cinna |
| 126 | M. Aemilius Lepidus | L. Aurelius Orestes |
| 125 | M. Plautius Hypsaeus | M. Fulvius Flaccus |
| 124 | C. Cassius Longinus | C. Sextius Calvinus |
| 123 | Q. Caecilius Metellus (Balearicus) | T. Quinctius Flamininus |
| 122 | Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus | C. Fannius |
| 121 | L. Opimius | Q. Fabius Maximus (Allobrogicus) |
| 120 | P. Manilius | C. Papirius Carbo |
| 119 | L. Caecilius Metellus (Delmaticus) | L. Aurelius Cotta |
| 118 | M. Porcius Cato | Q. Marcius Rex |
| 117 | L. Caecilius Metellus Diadematus | Q. Mucius Scaevola (Augur) |
| 116 | C. Licinius Geta | Q. Fabius Maximus Eburnus |
| 115 | M. Aemilius Scaurus | M. Caecilius Metellus |
| 114 | M'. Acilius Balbus | C. Porcius Cato |
| 113 | C. Caecilius Metellus Caprarius | Cn. Papirius Carbo |
| 112 | M. Livius Drusus | L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus |
| 111 | P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica | L. Calpurnius Bestia |
| 110 | Sp. Postumius Albinus | |
| 109 | Q. Caecilius Metellus (Numidicus) | M. Junius Silanus |
| 108 | Ser. Sulpicius Galba | Hortensius (invalidated) |
| suff. | M. Aurelius Scaurus | |
| 107 | L. Cassius Longinus | C. Marius |
| 106 | Q. Servilius Caepio | C. Atilius Serranus |
| 105 | P. Rutilius Rufus | Cn. Mallius Maximus |
| 104 | C. Marius II | C. Flavius Fimbria |
| 103 | C. Marius III | L. Aurelius Orestes |
| 102 | C. Marius IV | Q. Lutatius Catulus |
| 101 | C. Marius V | M'. Aquillius |
First century BC (100–1)[]
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 100 | C. Marius VI | L. Valerius Flaccus |
| 99[78] | M. Antonius | A. Postumius Albinus |
| 98 | Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos | T. Didius |
| 97 | Cn. Cornelius Lentulus | P. Licinius Crassus |
| 96 | Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus | C. Cassius Longinus |
| 95 | L. Licinius Crassus | Q. Mucius Scaevola (Pontifex) |
| 94 | C. Coelius Caldus | L. Domitius Ahenobarbus |
| 93 | C. Valerius Flaccus | M. Herennius |
| 92 | C. Claudius Pulcher | M. Perperna |
| 91 | L. Marcius Philippus | Sex. Julius Caesar |
| 90 | L. Julius Caesar | P. Rutilius Lupus |
| 89 | Cn. Pompeius Strabo | L. Porcius Cato |
| 88 | L. Cornelius Sulla | Q. Pompeius Rufus |
| 87 | Cn. Octavius | L. Cornelius Cinna |
| suff. | L. Cornelius Merula | |
| 86 | L. Cornelius Cinna II | C. Marius VII |
| suff. | L. Valerius Flaccus | |
| 85 | L. Cornelius Cinna III | Cn. Papirius Carbo |
| 84 | Cn. Papirius Carbo II | L. Cornelius Cinna IV |
| 83 | L. Cornelius Scipio Asiagenes (Asiaticus) | C. Norbanus |
| 82 | C. Marius | Cn. Papirius Carbo III |
| 81 | M. Tullius Decula | Cn. Cornelius Dolabella |
| 80 | L. Cornelius Sulla Felix II | Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius |
| 79 | P. Servilius Vatia (Isauricus) | Ap. Claudius Pulcher |
| 78 | M. Aemilius Lepidus | Q. Lutatius Catulus |
| 77 | D. Junius Brutus | Mam. Aemilius Lepidus Livianus |
| 76 | Cn. Octavius | C. Scribonius Curio |
| 75 | L. Octavius | C. Aurelius Cotta |
| 74 | L. Licinius Lucullus | M. Aurelius Cotta |
| 73 | M. Terentius Varro Lucullus | C. Cassius Longinus |
| 72 | L. Gellius | Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus |
| 71 | P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura | Cn. Aufidius Orestes |
| 70 | Cn. Pompeius Magnus | M. Licinius Crassus |
| 69 | Q. Hortensius Hortalus | Q. Caecilius Metellus (Creticus) |
| 68 | L. Caecilius Metellus | Q. Marcius Rex |
| suff. | (Servilius) Vatia (died before taking office) | |
| 67 | C. Calpurnius Piso | M'. Acilius Glabrio |
| 66 | M'. Aemilius Lepidus | L. Volcacius Tullus |
| 65 | P. Cornelius Sulla (invalidated) | P. Autronius Paetus (invalidated) |
| suff. | L. Aurelius Cotta | L. Manlius Torquatus |
| 64 | L. Julius Caesar | (?) Minucius Thermus[79] |
| C. Marcius Figulus | ||
| 63 | M. Tullius Cicero | C. Antonius Hybrida |
| 62 | D. Junius Silanus | L. Licinius Murena |
| 61 | M. Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus | M. Valerius Messalla Niger |
| 60[80] | L. Afranius | Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer |
| 59 | C. Julius Caesar | M. Calpurnius Bibulus |
| 58 | L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus | A. Gabinius |
| 57 | P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther | Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos |
| 56 | Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus | L. Marcius Philippus |
| 55 | Cn. Pompeius Magnus II | M. Licinius Crassus II |
| 54 | L. Domitius Ahenobarbus | Ap. Claudius Pulcher |
| 53 | Cn. Domitius Calvinus | M. Valerius Messalla Rufus |
| 52 | Cn. Pompeius Magnus III | Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio (from 1 September) |
| 51 | Ser. Sulpicius Rufus | M. Claudius Marcellus |
| 50 | L. Aemilius Paullus | C. Claudius Marcellus |
| 49 | C. Claudius Marcellus | L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus |
| 48 | C. Julius Caesar II | P. Servilius Isauricus |
| 47 | Q. Fufius Calenus | P. Vatinius |
| 46 | C. Julius Caesar III | M. Aemilius Lepidus |
| 45 | C. Julius Caesar IV | sine collega |
| suff. | Q. Fabius Maximus (from 1 October) | C. Trebonius (from 1 October) |
| suff. | C. Caninius Rebilus (31 December) | |
| 44 | C. Julius Caesar V | M. Antonius |
| suff. | P. Cornelius Dolabella | |
| 43[81] | C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus | A. Hirtius |
| suff. | C. Julius Caesar (Octavianus) | Q. Pedius |
| suff. | C. Carrinas | P. Ventidius |
| 42 | M. Aemilius Lepidus II | L. Munatius Plancus |
| 41 | L. Antonius Pietas | P. Servilius Isauricus II |
| 40 | Cn. Domitius Calvinus II | C. Asinius Pollio |
| suff. | L. Cornelius Balbus | P. Canidius Crassus |
| 39[82] | L. Marcius Censorinus | C. Calvisius Sabinus |
| suff. | C. Cocceius Balbus (after 2 October) | P. Alfenus Varus (after 2 October) |
| 38[82] | Ap. Claudius Pulcher | C. Norbanus Flaccus |
| suff. | L. Cornelius Lentulus (from 1 July) | L. Marcius Philippus (from 1 September) |
| 37 | M. (Vipsanius) Agrippa | L. Caninius Gallus |
| suff. | T. Statilius Taurus | |
| 36[83] | L. Gellius Poplicola | M. Cocceius Nerva |
| suff. | L. Nonius Asprenas (from 1 September) | Q. Marcius Rufus[84] (from 1 July) |
| 35[82] | L. Cornificius | Sex. Pompeius |
| suff. | P. Cornelius Dolabella (from 1 September) | T. Peducaeus (from 1 July) |
| 34[85] | M. Antonius II (1 January only) | L. Scribonius Libo |
| suff. | L. Sempronius Atratinus | |
| suff. | Paullus Aemilius Lepidus (from 1 July) | C. Memmius (from 1 July) |
| suff. | M. Herennius Picens (from September or November) | |
| 33[85] | Imp. Caesar II (1 January only) | L. Volcacius Tullus |
| suff. | L. Autronius Paetus | |
| suff. | L. Flavius (1 May – before October) | C. Fonteius Capito (1 May – before October) |
| suff. | M. Acilius Glabrio (1 July – before October)
| |
| suff. | L. Vinicius (from 1 September)
| |
| suff. | Q. Laronius (from 1 October)
| |
| 32 | Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus | C. Sosius |
| suff. | L. Cornelius (Balbus? Cinna?)[86] | M. Valerius Messalla |
| 31 | M. Antonius III (in the east only) | Imp. Caesar III |
| suff. | M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus (from 1 January) | |
| suff. | M. Titius (from 1 May) | |
| suff. | Cn. Pompeius (from 1 October) | |
| 30[87] | Imp. Caesar IV | M. Licinius Crassus |
| suff. | C. Antistius Vetus (from 1 July) | |
| suff. | M. Tullius Cicero (from 1 September) | |
| suff. | L. Saenius | |
| 29 | Imp. Caesar V | Sex. Appuleius |
| suff. | Potitus Valerius Messalla | |
| 28 | Imp. Caesar VI | M. Agrippa II |
| 27 | Imp. Caesar Augustus VII | M. Agrippa III |
| 26 | Imp. Caesar Augustus VIII | T. Statilius Taurus II |
| 25 | Imp. Caesar Augustus IX | M. Junius Silanus |
| 24 | Imp. Caesar Augustus X | C. Norbanus Flaccus |
| 23 | Imp. Caesar Augustus XI | A. Terentius Varro Murena (abdicated)[88] |
| suff. | L. Sestius Albanianus Quirinalis (from 1 July)[89] | Cn. Calpurnius Piso |
| 22 | M. Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus | L. Arruntius |
| 21 | M. Lollius | Q. Aemilius Lepidus |
| 20 | M. Appuleius | P. Silius Nerva |
| 19 | C. Sentius Saturninus | Q. Lucretius Vespillo (after 1 August)[90] |
| suff. | M. Vinicius (after 1 August) | |
| 18 | P. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus | Cn. Cornelius Lentulus |
| 17 | C. Furnius | C. Junius Silanus |
| 16 | L. Domitius Ahenobarbus | P. Cornelius Scipio |
| suff. | L. Tarius Rufus | |
| 15 | M. Livius Drusus Libo | L. Calpurnius Piso |
| 14 | M. Licinius Crassus Frugi | Cn. Cornelius Lentulus (Augur) |
| 13 | Ti. Claudius Nero | P. Quinctilius Varus |
| 12[91] | M. Valerius Messalla Appianus | P. Sulpicius Quirinius |
| suff. | C. Valgius Rufus (by 6 March) | |
| suff. | C. Caninius Rebilus (after 29 August) | L. Volusius Saturninus (after 29 August) |
| 11 | Q. Aelius Tubero | Paullus Fabius Maximus |
| 10 | Africanus Fabius Maximus | Iullus Antonius |
| 9 | Nero Claudius Drusus | T. Quinctius Crispinus Sulpicianus |
| 8 | C. Marcius Censorinus | C. Asinius Gallus |
| 7 | Ti. Claudius Nero II | Cn. Calpurnius Piso |
| 6 | D. Laelius Balbus | C. Antistius Vetus |
| 5[92] | Imp. Caesar Augustus XII | L. Cornelius Sulla |
| suff. | Q. Haterius (after 11 April) | L. Vinicius (after 11 April) |
| suff. | C. Sulpicius Galba (by 13 August) | |
| 4 | C. Calvisius Sabinus | L. Passienus Rufus |
| suff. | C. Caelius | Galus Sulpicius (after 1 July)[93] |
| 3 | L. Cornelius Lentulus | M. Valerius Messalla Messallinus |
| 2[93] | Imp. Caesar Augustus XIII | M. Plautius Silvanus |
| suff. | C. Fufius Geminus (by 18 September) | L. Caninius Gallus (by 1 August) |
| suff. | Q. Fabricius (by 1 December) | |
| 1 | Cossus Cornelius Lentulus (Gaetulicus) | L. Calpurnius Piso (Augur) |
| suff. | A. Plautius | A. Caecina Severus |
First century (1–100)[]
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1[94] | C. Caesar | L. Aemilius Paullus |
| Jul. | M. Herennius Picens | |
| 2 | P. Vinicius | P. Alfenus Varus |
| Jul. | P. Cornelius Lentulus Scipio | T. Quinctius Crispinus Valerianus |
| 3 | L. Aelius Lamia | M. Servilius |
| Jul. | P. Silius | L. Volusius Saturninus |
| 4 | Sex. Aelius Catus | C. Sentius Saturninus |
| Jul. | Cn. Sentius Saturninus | C. Clodius Licinus |
| 5 | L. Valerius Messalla Volesus | Cn. Cornelius Cinna Magnus |
| Jul. | C. Vibius Postumus | C. Ateius Capito |
| 6 | M. Aemilius Lepidus | L. Arruntius |
| Jul. | L. Nonius Asprenas | |
| 7 | Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus Silanus | A. Licinius Nerva Silianus |
| Jul. | ||
| 8 | M. Furius Camillus | Sex. Nonius Quinctilianus |
| Jul. | L. Apronius | A. Vibius Habitus |
| 9 | C. Poppaeus Sabinus | Q. Sulpicius Camerinus |
| Jul. | M. Papius Mutilus | Q. Poppaeus Secundus |
| 10 | P. Cornelius Dolabella | C. Junius Silanus |
| Jul. | Ser. Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis | Q. Junius Blaesus |
| 11 | M'. Aemilius Lepidus | T. Statilius Taurus |
| Jul. | L. Cassius Longinus | |
| 12 | Germanicus Julius Caesar | |
| Jul. | C. Visellius Varro | |
| 13[95] | C. Silius | L. Munatius Plancus |
| suff. | A. Caecina Largus | |
| 14[96] | Sex. Pompeius | Sex. Appuleius |
| 15 | Drusus Julius Caesar | C. Norbanus Flaccus |
| Jul. | M. Junius Silanus | |
| 16 | Sisenna Statilius Taurus | L. Scribonius Libo |
| Jul. | C. Vibius Rufus | C. Pomponius Graecinus |
| 17 | L. Pomponius Flaccus | C. Caelius Rufus |
| suff. | C. Vibius Marsus | L. Voluseius Proculus |
| 18 | Ti. Caesar Augustus III (January) | Germanicus Julius Caesar II (January–April) |
| suff. | L. Seius Tubero (February–July) | Livineius Regulus (May–July) |
| suff. | C. Rubellius Blandus (August–December) | M. Vipstanus Gallus |
| 19 | M. Junius Silanus Torquatus | L. Norbanus Balbus |
| Jul. | P. Petronius | |
| 20 | M. Aurelius Cotta Maximus Messalinus | |
| 21 | Ti. Caesar Augustus IV | Drusus Julius Caesar II |
| suff. | Mam. Aemilius Scaurus | Cn. Tremellius |
| 22 | D. Haterius Agrippa | |
| 23 | C. Asinius Pollio | C. Antistius Vetus |
| suff. | C. Stertinius Maximus | |
| 24 | Ser. Cornelius Cethegus | L. Visellius Varro |
| Jul. | C. Calpurnius Aviola | P. Cornelius Lentulus Scipio |
| 25 | Cossus Cornelius Lentulus | M. Asinius Agrippa |
| Sep. | C. Petronius | |
| 26 | Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus | C. Calvisius Sabinus |
| suff. | Q. Junius Blaesus | L. Antistius Vetus |
| 27 | L. Calpurnius Piso | M. Licinius Crassus Frugi |
| suff. | P. Cornelius Lentulus | C. Sallustius Passienus Crispus |
| 28 | Ap. Junius Silanus | P. Silius Nerva |
| suff. | L. Junius Silanus | C. Vellaeus Tutor |
| 29 | C. Fufius Geminus | L. Rubellius Geminus |
| Jul. | A. Plautius | L. Nonius Asprenas |
| 30 | L. Cassius Longinus | M. Vinicius |
| Jul. | L. Naevius Surdinus | C. Cassius Longinus |
| 31[97] | Ti. Caesar Augustus V | L. Aelius Sejanus |
| 9 May | Faustus Cornelius Sulla | Sex. Tedius Valerius Catullus |
| Jul. | L. Fulcinius Trio | |
| Oct. | P. Memmius Regulus | |
| 32 | Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus | L. Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus |
| Jul. | A. Vitellius | |
| 33 | L. Livius Ocella Sulpicius Galba | L. Cornelius Sulla Felix |
| Jul. | L. Salvius Otho | C. Octavius Laenas |
| 34 | Paullus Fabius Persicus | L. Vitellius |
| Jul. | Q. Marcius Barea Soranus | T. Rustius Nummius Gallus |
| 35 | C. Cestius Gallus | M. Servilius Nonianus |
| Jul. | D. Valerius Asiaticus | A. Gabinius Secundus |
| 36 | Sex. Papinius Allenius | Q. Plautius |
| Jul. | C. Vettius Rufus[98] | M. Porcius Cato |
| 37[99] | Cn. Acerronius Proculus | C. Petronius Pontius Nigrinus |
| 1 Jul. | C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus | Ti. Claudius Nero Germanicus |
| 1 Sep. | A. Caecina Paetus | C. Caninius Rebilus |
| 38 | M. Aquila Julianus | P. Nonius Asprenas Calpurnius Serranus |
| 1 Jul. | Ser. Asinius Celer | Sex. Nonius Quinctilianus |
| 39 | C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus II | L. Apronius Caesianus |
| Feb. | Q. Sanquinius Maximus | |
| 1 Jul. | Cn. Domitius Corbulo | unidentified |
| suff. | Cn. Domitius Afer | A. Didius Gallus (2 September–December) |
| 40 | C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus III | without colleague |
| id. Jan. | C. Laecanius Bassus | Q. Terentius Culleo |
| 41[100] | C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV (January) | Cn. Sentius Saturninus (January–June) |
| suff. | Q. Pomponius Secundus (February–June) | |
| 1 Jul. | unidentified | unidentified |
| suff. | Q. Futius Lusius Saturninus (September–October) | M. Seius Varanus |
| suff. | Q. Ostorius Scapula[101] (November–December) | P. Suillius Rufus |
| 42 | Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus II | C. Caecina Largus |
| Mar. | C. Cestius Gallus | |
| Sep.? | Cornelius Lupus | |
| 43[102] | Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus III | L. Vitellius II |
| Mar. | Sex. Palpellius Hister | L. Pedanius Secundus |
| Aug.? | A. Gabinius Secundus | unidentified |
| Oct. | Q. Curtius Rufus | Sp. Oppius |
| 44[103] | C. Sallustius Passienus Crispus II | T. Statilius Taurus |
| suff. | P. Calvisius Sabinus Pomponius Secundus | |
| suff. | (?) T. Axius | (?) T. Mussidius Pollianus |
| 45 | M. Vinicius II | T. Statilius Taurus Corvinus |
| 1 Mar. | Ti. Plautius Silvanus Aelianus[104] | |
| Jul.? | M. Pompeius Silvanus Staberius Flavianus | A. Antonius Rufus |
| Dec.? | (?) P. Fabius Firmanus | (?) L. Tampius Flavianus |
| 46 | D. Valerius Asiaticus II (January–February) | M. Junius Silanus (January–December) |
| suff. | Camerinus Antistius Vetus (early March)[105] | |
| suff. | Q. Sulpicius Camerinus (early March – June) | |
| suff. | D. Laelius Balbus (July–August) | |
| suff. | C. Terentius Tullius Geminus (September–December) | |
| 47[106] | Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV | L. Vitellius III |
| 1 Mar. | C. Calpetanus Rantius Sedatus | M. Hordeonius Flaccus |
| 1 Jul. | Cn. Hosidius Geta | T. Flavius Sabinus |
| 1 Sep. | L. Vagellius | |
| 1 Nov. | C. Volasenna Severus | |
| 48[107] | A. Vitellius | L. Vipstanus Poplicola |
| 1 Jul. | L. Vitellius | Messalla Vipstanus Gallus |
| 49 | Q. Veranius | C. Pompeius Longinus Gallus |
| suff. | L. Mammius Pollio | Q. Allius Maximus |
| 50 | C. Antistius Vetus II | M. Suillius Nerullinus |
| suff. | Q. Futius | P. Calvisius |
| 51[108] | Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus V | Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus |
| Sep.? | L. Calventius Vetus Carminius | |
| Nov. | T. Flavius Vespasianus | |
| 52[108] | Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix | L. Salvius Otho Titianus |
| Jul. | Q. Marcius Barea Soranus | |
| Nov.? | L. Salvidienus Rufus Salvianus | |
| 53 | D. Junius Silanus Torquatus | Q. Haterius Antoninus |
| suff. | Q. Caecina Primus | P. Trebonius |
| suff. | P. Calvisius Ruso | |
| 54 | M'. Acilius Aviola | M. Asinius Marcellus |
| Jul.? | M. Junius Silanus | A. Pompeius Paulinus |
| Sep.? | Vellaeus Tutor | |
| 55[109] | Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus | L. Antistius Vetus |
| 1 Mar. | N. Cestius | |
| 1 May | P. Cornelius Dolabella | L. Annaeus Seneca |
| 1 Jul. | M. Trebellius Maximus | |
| 1 Sep. | T. (or P.?) Palfurius | |
| 1 Nov. | Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus | T. Curtilius Mancia |
| 56 | P. Cornelius Scipio | |
| 1 Jul. | L. Junius Gallio Annaeanus | T. Cutius Ciltus |
| 1 Sep. | P. Sulpicius Scribonius Rufus | P. Sulpicius Scribonius Proculus |
| 1 Nov. | L. Duvius Avitus | P. Clodius Thrasea Paetus |
| 57 | Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus II | L. Calpurnius Piso |
| 1 Jul. | L. Caesius Martialis | |
| 58 | Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus III | M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus |
| 1 May | C. Fonteius Agrippa | |
| 1 Jul. | A. Paconius Sabinus | A. Petronius Lurco |
| 59 | C. Vipstanus Apronianus | C. Fonteius Capito |
| 1 Jul. | T. Sextius Africanus | M. Ostorius Scapula |
| 60 | Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV | Cossus Cornelius Lentulus |
| 1 Jul. | C. Velleius Paterculus[110] | M. Manilius Vopiscus |
| 61 | P. Petronius Turpilianus | L. Junius Caesennius Paetus |
| 1 Jul. | Cn. Pedanius Fuscus Salinator | L. Velleius Paterculus |
| 62 | P. Marius | Lucius Afinius Gallus |
| Jul.? | Q. Manlius Tarquitius Saturninus | P. Petronius Niger |
| Sep.? | T. Clodius Eprius Marcellus | C. Junius Marullus |
| 63 | C. Memmius Regulus | L. Verginius Rufus |
| suff. | unidentified[111] | unidentified |
| 64 | C. Laecanius Bassus | M. Licinius Crassus Frugi |
| suff. | unidentified | unidentified |
| 65 | A. Licinius Nerva Silianus | M. Julius Vestinus Atticus (killed) |
| suff. | P. Pasidienus Firmus (attested 17 Jun.) | |
| suff. | C. Pomponius Pius (attested 13 Aug.) | C. Anicius Cerialis (attested 13 Aug.) |
| 66 | C. Luccius Telesinus | C. Suetonius Paullinus |
| Jul. | M. Annius Afrinus | C. Paccius Africanus |
| Sep. | M. Arruntius Aquila | M. Vettius Bolanus |
| 67 | L. Julius Rufus | Fonteius Capito |
| suff. | L. Aurelius Priscus | |
| Jul. | Ap. Annius Gallus | L. Verulanus Severus |
| 68 | Ti. Catius Asconius Silius Italicus | P. Galerius Trachalus |
| suff. | Imp. Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus V (Apr.–Jun.) | C. Luccius Telesinus II (from May?) |
| suff. | C. Bellicus Natalis | P. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus |
| 69[112] | Ser. Galba Imp. Caesar Augustus II (until 15 Jan.) | T. Vinius (Rufinus?) (until 15 Jan.) |
| suff. | M. Otho Caesar Augustus (15 January–28 February) | L. Salvius Otho Titianus II |
| suff. | L. Verginius Rufus II (March) | L. Pompeius Vopiscus |
| suff. | Cn. Arulenus Caelius Sabinus (April–June) | T. Flavius Sabinus |
| suff. | Cn. Arrius Antoninus (July–August) | A. Marius Celsus |
| suff. | Fabius Valens (September–October) | A. Caecina Alienus (September–30 October) |
| suff. | Rosius Regulus (31 October) | |
| suff. | Cn. Caecilius Simplex (November−December) | C. Quinctius Atticus |
| 70[113] | Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus II | T. Caesar Vespasianus |
| suff. | C. Licinius Mucianus II (Apr.?) | unidentified |
| suff. | M. Ulpius Traianus (May?) | unidentified |
| suff. | (…)ne(…) | unidentified |
| Nov.? | L. Annius Bassus | C. Laecanius Bassus Caecina Paetus |
| 71 | Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus III | M. Cocceius Nerva |
| Apr.? | Caesar Domitianus | Cn. Pedius Cascus |
| May? | C. Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus | |
| Jul.? | L. Flavius Fimbria | C. Atilius Barbarus |
| 1 Nov. | Cn. Pompeius Collega | Q. Julius Cordus |
| 72 | Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus IV | T. Caesar Vespasianus II |
| suff. | C. Licinius Mucianus III (attested 29 May) | T. Flavius Sabinus II (attested 29 May) |
| suff. | Q. Julius Cordinus C. Rutilius Gallicus | unidentified |
| suff.[114] | Sex. Marcius Priscus (attested 30 Dec.) | Cn. Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula (attested 30 Dec.) |
| 73 | Caesar Domitianus II | L. Valerius Catullus Messallinus |
| 1 May | M. Arrecinus Clemens | (…)m(…) |
| suff.[115] | unidentified | unidentified |
| 74 | Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus V | T. Caesar Vespasianus III |
| id. Jan. | Ti. Plautius Silvanus Aelianus II | |
| id. Mar. | L. Junius Q. Vibius Crispus II | |
| id. May | Q. Petillius Cerialis Caesius Rufus II | T. Clodius Eprius Marcellus II |
| 1 Jul. | (…)on(…)[116] | unidentified |
| Sep.? | C. Pomponius | L. Manlius Patruinus |
| 75 | Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VI | T. Caesar Vespasianus IV |
| suff. | Caesar Domitianus III (attested 12 Mar. / 28 Apr.) | L. Pasidienus Firmus (attested 12 Mar. / 28 Apr.) |
| 76 | Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VII | T. Caesar Vespasianus V |
| suff. | Caesar Domitianus IV | unidentified |
| suff.[117] | (?) L. Tampius Flavianus II | (?) M. Pompeius Silvanus Staberius Flavianus II |
| suff. | Galeo Tettienus Petronianus (attested 2 Dec.) | M. Fulvius Gillo (attested 2 Dec.) |
| 77[118] | Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VIII | T. Caesar Vespasianus VI |
| suff. | Caesar Domitianus V | unidentified |
| Sep.? | (?) L. Pompeius Vopiscus C. Arruntius Catellius Celer | (?) M. Arruntius Aquila |
| Nov.? | Cn. Julius Agricola | unidentified |
| 78 | D. Junius Novius Priscus | L. Ceionius Commodus |
| May.? | (Q. Articuleius?) Paetus | Sex. Vitulasius Nepos |
| Sep.? | Q. Corellius Rufus | L. Funisulanus Vettonianus |
| 79 | Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus IX | T. Caesar Vespasianus VII |
| suff. | Caesar Domitianus VI | unidentified |
| 1 Mar. | L. Junius Caesennius Paetus (attested until 29 May) | P. Calvisius Ruso[119] |
| suff. | T. Rubrius Aelius Nepos (attested 8 Sep.) | M. Arrius Flaccus |
| 80[120] | Imp. T. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VIII | Caesar Domitianus VII |
| id. Jan. | A. Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento II | L. Aelius Plautius Lamia Aelianus |
| Mar.? | Q. Aurelius Pactumeius Fronto | |
| May? | C. Marius Marcellus Octavius P. Cluvius Rufus | |
| 1 Jul. | unidentified | Q. Pompeius Trio |
| Sep.? | L. Acilius Strabo | Sex. Neranius Capito |
| Nov.? | M. Tittius Frugi | M. Vinicius Julius Rufus[121] |
| 81 | L. Flavius Silva Nonius Bassus | M. Asinius Pollio Verrucosus |
| Mar.? | M. Roscius Coelius | C. Julius Juvenalis |
| May? | L. Julius Vettius Paullus | T. Junius Montanus |
| 1 Jul. | C. Scoedius Natta Pinarianus | T. Tettienus Serenus |
| Sep.? | M. Petronius Umbrinus | L. Carminius Lusitanicus |
| 1 Nov. | L. Turpilius Dexter | M. Maecius Rufus |
| 82 | Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus VIII | T. Flavius Sabinus |
| Feb.? | (? Servaeus In)noc(ens) | L. Salvius Otho Cocceianus |
| Mar.? | (…)an(us) | M'. Acilius Aviola |
| Apr.? | (M. Mettius? Mo)dest(us)[122] | unidentified |
| May? | unidentified | unidentified |
| Jul.? | P. Valerius Patruinus | L. Antonius Saturninus |
| Sep.? | M. Larcius Magnus Pompeius Silo | T. Aurelius Quietus |
| Nov.? | unidentified | unidentified |
| 83 | Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus IX | Q. Petillius Rufus II |
| Feb.? | A. Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento III | L. Junius Q. Vibius Crispus III |
| Mar.? | (?) M. Arrecinus Clemens II[123] | (?) L. Baebius Honoratus |
| May? | L. Tettius Julianus | Terentius Strabo Erucius Homullus |
| Sep.? | L. Calventius Sex. Carminius Vetus | M. Cornelius Nigrinus Curiatius Maternus |
| Nov.? | unidentified | unidentified |
| 84 | Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus X | C. Oppius Sabinus |
| suff. | (?) C. Fisius Sabinus (attested 24 Apr.) | (?) M. Annius Messalla (attested 24 Apr.) |
| Jul.? | unidentified | L. Julius Ursus |
| Sep.? | C. Tullius Capito Pomponianus Plotius Firmus | C. Cornelius Gallicanus |
| Nov.? | unidentified | (P. Glitius? G)allus[124] |
| 85 | Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XI | T. Aurelius Fulvus II |
| Mar.? | Q. Julius Cordinus C. Rutilius Gallicus II | L. Valerius Catullus Messallinus II |
| May? | L. Aelius Oculatus | Q. Gavius Atticus |
| Jul.? | P. Herennius Pollio | M. Annius Herennius Pollio |
| Sep.? | D. Aburius Bassus | Q. Julius Balbus |
| Nov.? | C. Salvius Liberalis Nonius Bassus | Cornelius Orestes[125] |
| 86 | Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XII | Ser. Cornelius Dolabella Petronianus |
| id. Jan. | C. Secius Campanus | |
| Mar.? | unidentified | Q. Vibius Secundus |
| 1 May | Sex. Octavius Fronto | Ti. Julius Candidus Marius Celsus |
| 1 Sep. | A. Bucius Lappius Maximus | C. Octavius Tidius Tossianus L. Javolenus Priscus |
| 87 | Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XIII | L. Volusius Saturninus |
| id. Jan. | C. Calpurnius Piso Crassus Frugi Licinianus | |
| 1 May | C. Bellicus Natalis P. Gavidius Tebanianus[126] | C. Ducenius Proculus |
| 1 Sep. | C. Cilnius Proculus | L. Neratius Priscus |
| 88 | Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XIV | L. Minicius Rufus |
| id. Jan. | D. Plotius Grypus | |
| 1 May | Q. Ninnius Hasta | (L. Scribonius?) Libo (Rupilius?) Frugi |
| 1 Sep. | M'. Otacilius Catulus | Sex. Julius Sparsus |
| 89 | T. Aurelius Fulvus | M. Asinius Atratinus |
| 1 May | P. Sallustius Blaesus | M. Peducaeus Saenianus |
| 1 Sep. | A. Vicirius Proculus | M'. Laberius Maximus |
| 90 | Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XV | M. Cocceius Nerva II |
| id. Jan. | L. Cornelius Pusio Annius Messalla | |
| 1 Mar. | L. Antistius Rusticus | Ser. Julius Servianus |
| 1 May | Q. Accaeus Rufus | C. Caristanius Fronto |
| 1 Jul. | P. Baebius Italicus | C. Aquilius Proculus |
| 1 Sep. | L. Albius Pullaienus Pollio | Cn. Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula Pompeius Longinus |
| 1 Nov. | M. Tullius Cerialis | Cn. Pompeius Catullinus |
| 91 | M'. Acilius Glabrio | M. Ulpius Trajanus |
| 1 May | Cn. Minicius Faustinus | P. Valerius Marinus |
| 1 Sep. | Q. Valerius Vegetus | P. Metilius Sabinus Nepos |
| 92 | Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XVI | Q. Volusius Saturninus |
| id. Jan. | L. Venuleius Montanus Apronianus | |
| 1 May | L. Stertinius Avitus | Ti. Julius Celsus Polemaeanus |
| 1 Sep. | C. Julius Silanus | Q. Junius Arulenus Rusticus |
| 93 | Sex. Pompeius Collega | Q. Peducaeus Priscinus |
| 1 May | T. Avidius Quietus | Sex. Lusianus Proculus |
| 1 Sep. | C. Cornelius Rarus Sextius Na(so?) | (? Tuccius Ceria)lis |
| 94 | T. Sextius Magius Lateranus | |
| 1 May | M. Lollius Paullinus D. Valerius Asiaticus Saturninus | C. Antius A. Julius Quadratus |
| 1 Sep. | L. Silius Decianus | T. Pomponius Bassus |
| 95 | Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XVII | T. Flavius Clemens |
| id. Jan. | L. Neratius Marcellus | |
| 1 May | A. Bucius Lappius Maximus II | P. Ducenius Verus |
| 1 Sep. | Q. Pomponius Rufus | L. Baebius Tullus |
| 96 | C. Manlius Valens | C. Antistius Vetus |
| 1 May | Q. Fabius Postuminus | T. Prifernius Paetus |
| 1 Sep. | Ti. Catius Caesius Fronto | M. Calpurnius (…)cus |
| 97 | Imp. Nerva Caesar Augustus III | L. Verginius Rufus III |
| Mar.? | Cn. Arrius Antoninus II | (C.?) Calpurnius Piso |
| May? | M. Annius Verus | L. Neratius Priscus |
| Jul.? | L. Domitius Apollinaris | Sex. Hermentidius Campanus |
| Sep.? | L. Pomponius Maternus | Q. Glitius Atilius Agricola |
| Nov.? | P. Cornelius Tacitus | (?) M. Ostorius Scapula[127] |
| 98[128] | Imp. Nerva Caesar Augustus IV | Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus II |
| id. Jan. | Cn. Domitius Afer Curvius Tullus II | |
| 1 Feb. | Sex. Julius Frontinus II | |
| 1 Mar. | L. Julius Ursus II | |
| 1 Apr. | T. Vestricius Spurinna II | |
| 1 May | C. Pomponius Pius | |
| 1 Jul. | A. Vicirius Martialis | L. Maecius Postumus |
| 1 Sep. | C. Pomponius Rufus Acilius [Pri]scus Coelius Sparsus | Cn. Pompeius Ferox Licinianus |
| 1 Nov. | Q. Fulvius Gillo Bittius Proculus | P. Julius Lupus |
| 99[129] | A. Cornelius Palma Frontonianus | Q. Sosius Senecio |
| suff. | P. Sulpicius Lucretius Barba (from 1 Apr. or 1 May) | Senecio Memmius Afer (from 1 Apr. or 1 May)[130] |
| suff. | Q. Fabius Barbarus Valerius Magnus Julianus | A. Caecilius Faustinus |
| suff. | Ti. Julius Ferox[131] | unidentified |
| 100[132] | Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus III | Sex. Julius Frontinus III |
| id. Jan. | L. Julius Ursus III | |
| Mar. | M. Marcius Macer | C. Cilnius Proculus |
| May | L. Herennius Saturninus | Pomponius Mamilianus |
| Jul. | Q. Acutius Nerva | L. Fabius Tuscus |
| Sep. | C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus | C. Julius Cornutus Tertullus |
| Nov. | L. Roscius Aelianus Maecius Celer | Ti. Claudius Sacerdos Julianus |
Second century (101–200)[]
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 101[133] | Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus IV (January) | Q. Articuleius Paetus II (January–March) |
| suff. | Sex. Attius Suburanus Aemilianus (February–March) | |
| suff. | C. Sertorius Brocchus Q. Servaeus Innocens (April–May) | M. Maecius Celer |
| suff. | [...]us Proculus (sometime between May and October) | ignotus |
| suff.[134] | L. Arruntius Stella (attested October) | L. Julius Marinus Caecilius Simplex |
| 102 | L. Julius Ursus Servianus II (January–April) | L. Licinius Sura II (January–February) |
| suff. | L. Fabius Justus (March–April) | |
| suff.[135] | T. Didius Secundus (May–August) | L. Publilius Celsus |
| suff. | L. Antonius Albus (September–December) | M. Junius Homullus |
| 103 | Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus V (January) | M'. Laberius Maximus II (January–March) |
| suff. | Q. Glitius Atilius Agricola II (January–March) | |
| suff. | P. Metilius Nepos (April–June) | Q. Baebius Macer |
| suff. | [? M. Flavius Ap]er[136] (July–September) | C. Trebonius Proculus Mettius Modestus |
| suff. | (A?)nnius Mela (October–December) | P. Calpurnius Macer Caulius Rufus |
| 104 | Sex. Attius Suburanus Aemilianus II | M. Asinius Marcellus |
| suff.[137] | Sex. Subrius Dexter Cornelius Priscus | Cn. C[---]ius Paullus Caesonianus |
| 105 | Ti. Julius Candidus Marius Celsus II (January–March) | C. Antius A. Julius Quadratus II |
| suff. | C. Julius Quadratus Bassus (May–August) | Cn. Afranius Dexter (May–15 July) |
| suff. | Q. Caelius Honoratus (July–August) | |
| suff. | M. Vitorius Marcellus (September–December) | C. Caecilius Strabo |
| 106 | L. Ceionius Commodus | Sex. Vettulenus Civica Cerialis |
| suff. | L. Minicius Natalis | Q. Licinius Silvanus Granianus Quadronius Proculus |
| 107 | L. Licinius Sura III (January–February or April)[138] | Q. Sosius Senecio II |
| suff. | Acilius Rufus[139] (March–April) | |
| suff. | C. Minicius Fundanus (May–August) | C. Vettennius Severus |
| suff. | C. Julius Longinus (September–December) | C. Valerius Paullinus |
| 108 | Ap. Annius Trebonius Gallus (January–?) | M. Appius Bradua |
| suff. | P. Aelius Hadrianus (attested 22 June) | M. Trebatius Priscus |
| suff.[140] | Q. Pompeius Falco (attested 27 July) | M. Titius Lustricus Bruttianus |
| 109 | A. Cornelius Palma Frontonianus II (January–February) | (January–April) |
| suff. | L. Annius Largus (March–April) | |
| suff. | Cn. Antonius Fuscus (May–August) | C. Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappus |
| suff. | C. Aburnius Valens (September–December) | C. Julius Proculus |
| 110 | M. Peducaeus Priscinus (January–March) | Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus |
| suff. | C. Avidius Nigrinus (April–June) | Ti. Julius Aquila Polemaeanus |
| suff. | L. Catilius Severus Julianus Claudius Reginus (July–September) | C. Erucianus Silo |
| suff. | A. Larcius Priscus (October–December) | Sex. Marcius Honoratus |
| 111 | C. Calpurnius Piso (January–April) | M. Vettius Bolanus |
| suff. | T. Avidius Quietus (May–August) | |
| suff. | L. Octavius Crassus (September–December) | P. Coelius Apollinaris |
| 112 | Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus VI (January) | T. Sextius Cornelius Africanus (January–March) |
| suff. | [M. ?] Licinius Ruso (January–March) | |
| suff. | (April–June) | L. Mummius Niger Q. Valerius Vegetus |
| suff. | P. Stertinius Quartus (July–September) | T. Julius Maximus Manlianus Brocchus Servilianus |
| suff. | C. Claudius Severus (October–December) | T. Settidius Firmus |
| 113 | L. Publilius Celsus II (January) | (January–April) |
| suff. | Ser. Cornelius Dolabella Metilianus Pompeius Marcellus (February–April) | |
| suff. | L. Stertinius Noricus (May–August) | L. Fadius Rufinus |
| suff. | Cn. Cornelius Urbicus (September–December) | T. Sempronius Rufus |
| 114 | Q. Ninnius Hasta (January–April) | P. Manilius Vopiscus Vicinillianus |
| suff. | C. Clodius Nummus (May–August) | L. Caesennius Sospes[141] |
| suff. | L. Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus (September–December) | M. Messius Rusticus[142] |
| 115 | L. Vipstanus Messalla (January–April) | M. Pedo Vergilianus (January) |
| suff. | T. Statilius Maximus Severus Hadrianus (February–April) | |
| suff. | L. Julius Frugi (May–August) | P. Juventius Celsus T. Aufidius Hoenius Severianus |
| suff. | M. Pompeius Macrinus Neos Theophanes (September–December) | T. Vibius Varus |
| 116[143] | L. Fundanius Lamia Aelianus (January–March) | |
| suff. | Ti. Julius Secundus (April–June) | M. Egnatius Marcellinus |
| suff. | D. Terentius Gentianus (July–September) | L. Co[...][144] |
| suff. | L. Statius Aquila (October–December) | C. Julius Alexander Berenicianus |
| 117 | (January–? March) | |
| suff. | L. Cossonius Gallus (attested 16 August) | P. Afranius Flavianus |
| suff. | ignotus (attested 8 September) | Cn. Minicius Faustinus |
| 118[145] | Imp. Caesar Trajanus Hadrianus Augustus II (January–June) | Cn. Pedanius Fuscus Salinator (January–February) |
| suff. | Bellicius Tebanianus (March) | |
| suff. | C. Ummidius Quadratus (attested May) | |
| suff. | L. Pomponius Bassus (attested 9 July and 31 August) | T. Sabinius Barbarus |
| 119[146] | Imp. Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus III (January–April) | P. Dasumius Rusticus (January–February) |
| suff. | A. Platorius Nepos (March–April) | |
| suff. | M. Paccius Silvanus Q. Coredius Gallus Gargilius Antiquus (May–June) | Q. Vibius Gallus |
| suff. | C. Herennius Capella (November–December) | L. Coelius Rufus |
| 120[147] | L. Catilius Severus Julianus Claudius Reginus II | T. Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus |
| suff. | C. Quinctius Certus Poblicius Marcellus (May–June) | T. Rutilius Propinquus |
| suff. | C. Arminius Gallus[148] (attested 19 October) | C. Atilius Serranus |
| 121 | M. Annius Verus II (January–February) | |
| suff. | M. Herennius Faustus (March–April) | Q. Pomponius Marcellus |
| suff. | T. Pomponius Antistianus Funisulanus Vettonianus (May–June) | L. Pomponius Silvanus |
| suff. | M. Statorius Secundus (July–August) | L. Sempronius Merula Auspicatus |
| 122[145] | M'. Acilius Aviola | L. Corellius Neratius Pansa |
| suff. | Ti. Julius Candidus Capito (attested 17 July) | L. Vitrasius Flamininus |
| suff. | C. Trebius Maximus (attested 18 November) | T. Calestrius Tiro Orbius Speratus |
| 123[149] | Q. Articuleius Paetinus | L. Venuleius Apronianus Octavius Priscus |
| suff. | T. Prifernius Geminus (attested 16 June) | P. Metilius Secundus |
| suff. | T. Salvius Rufinus Minicius Opimianus (attested 10 August) | Cn. Sentius Aburnianus |
| 124[150] | M'. Acilius Glabrio (January–April) | C. Bellicius Flaccus Torquatus Tebanianus |
| suff. | A. Larcius Macedo (May–August) | P. Ducenius Verres |
| suff. | C. Julius Gallus (September–December) | C. Valerius Severus |
| 125 | M. Lollius Paulinus D. Valerius Asiaticus Saturninus II | L. Titius Epidius Aquilinus |
| suff. | Q. Vetina Verus[151] (attested 1 June) | P. Lucius Cosconianus |
| 126 | M. Annius Verus III (January–February) | C. Eggius Ambibulus |
| suff. | L. Valerius Propinquus (From 1 March) | |
| suff. | L. Cuspius Camerinus (attested 1 July) | C. Saenius Severus |
| 127 | T. Atilius Rufus Titianus (January–March) | M. Gavius Squilla Gallicanus |
| suff. | P. Tullius Varro (April) | [D.?] Junius Paetus |
| suff. | Q. Tineius Rufus (May–September) | M. Licinius Celer Nepos |
| suff. | L. Aemilius Juncus (October–December) | Sex. Julius Severus |
| 128 | L. Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas II (January) | M. Annius Libo (January–March) |
| suff. | L. Caesennius Antoninus (February–March) | |
| suff. | M. Junius Mettius Rufus (April–June) | Q. Pomponius Maternus |
| suff. | L. Valerius Flaccus (July–September) | M. [Junius Homullus ?][152] |
| suff. | A. Egrilius Plarianus (October–December) | Q. [Planius Sardus Varius Ambibulus ?][153] |
| 129 | P. Juventius Celsus T. Aufidius Hoenius Severianus II (January – after 22 March) | L. Neratius Marcellus II (January–? February) |
| suff. | Q. Julius Balbus (attested 22 March) | |
| 130 | (January–February) | |
| suff. | Cassius Agrippa (or Agrippinus) (attested 19 March) | Ti. Claudius Quartinus |
| 131[154] | Sergius Octavius Laenas Pontianus (January–April) | M. Antonius Rufinus |
| suff. | L. Fabius Gallus (May–August) | Q. Fabius Julianus |
| 132 | C. Junius Serius Augurinus (January–April) | C. Trebius Sergianus |
| suff. | C. Acilius Priscus (September–December) | A. Cassius Arrianus |
| 133 | M. Antonius Hiberus (January–April) | P. Mummius Sisenna |
| suff. | Q. Flavius Tertullus (May–August) | Q. Junius Rusticus |
| suff. | Ti. Claudius Atticus Herodes (September–December) | P. Sufenas Verus |
| 134 | L. Julius Ursus Servianus III (January–March) | T. Vibius Varus (January–April) |
| suff. | T. Haterius Nepos (attested 2 April) | |
| suff. | P. Licinius Pansa (attested September–December) | L. Attius Macro |
| 135 | L. Tutilius Lupercus Pontianus (January–April) | P. Calpurnius Atilianus (Atticus Rufus?) |
| suff. | M. Cutius Priscus Messius Rusticus Aemilius Papus Arrius Proculus Julius Celsus (May–August) |
L. Burbuleius Optatus Ligarianus |
| suff. | P. Rutilius Fabianus (September–December) | Cn. Papirius Aelianus Aemilius Tuscillus |
| 136[155] | L. Ceionius Commodus | Sex. Vettulenus Civica Pompeianus |
| 137 | L. Aelius Caesar II | P. Coelius Balbinus Vibullius Pius |
| 138[156] | Kanus Junius Niger | C. Pomponius Camerinus |
| 1 Apr. | M. Vindius Verus | P. Pactumeius Clemens |
| 1 Jul. | unidentified | unidentified |
| 1 Oct. | P. Cassius Secundus | M. Nonius Mucianus |
| 139 | Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius II | C. Bruttius Praesens L. Fulvius Rusticus II |
| May? | unidentified | unidentified |
| Jul.? | L. Minicius Natalis Quadronius Verus | L. Claudius Proculus |
| Sep.? | unidentified | [C. Julius? S]capula |
| 1 Nov. | M. Ceccius Justinus | C. Julius Bassus |
| 140 | Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius III | M. Aelius Aurelius Verus Caesar |
| 1 May | Q. Antonius Isauricus | L. Aurelius Flaccus |
| suff. | Julius Crassipes (between June and October) | unidentified |
| 1 Nov. | M. Barbius Aemilianus | T. Flavius Julianus |
| 141 | T. Hoenius Severus | M. Peducaeus Stloga Priscinus |
| 1 Mar. | unidentified | unidentified |
| 1 May | C. Julius Pisibanus | [Larcius?] Lepidus |
| 1 Jul. | unidentified | unidentified |
| 1 Sep. | T. Caesernius Statianus | unidentified |
| 1 Nov. | L. Annius Fabianus | unidentified |
| 142 | L. Cuspius Pactumeius Rufinus | L. Statius Quadratus |
| 1 Apr. | L. Granius Castus | Ti. Junius Julianus |
| 1 Jul. | M. Cornelius Fronto | C. Laberius Priscus |
| 1 Sep. | L. Tusidius Campester | Q. Cornelius Senecio Annianus |
| 1 Nov. | [Sulpicius?] Julianus | [Ti. Julius? Castus] |
| 143 | C. Bellicus Flaccus Torquatus | L. Vibullius Hipparchus Ti. Claudius Atticus Herodes |
| 1 Apr. | unidentified | unidentified |
| 1 Jul. | Q. Junius Calamus | M. Valerius Junianus |
| 1 Oct. | unidentified | unidentified |
| 144 | L. Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus | T. Statilius Maximus |
| 1 Mar. | L. Aemilius Carus | Q. Egrilius Plarianus |
| Jul.? | unidentified | Q. Laberius Licinianus |
| 1 Oct. | L. Marcius Celer M. Calpurnius Longus | D. Velius Fidus |
| 145 | Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius IV | M. Aurelius Caesar II |
| Mar.? | L. Plautius Lamia Silvanus | L. Poblicola Priscus |
| 1 May | Cn. Arrius Cornelius Proculus | D. Junius [Paetus?] |
| 1 Jul. | Q. Mustius Priscus | M. Pontius Laelianus |
| 1 Sep. | L. Petronius Sabinus | C. Vicrius Rufus |
| 1 Nov. | C. Fadius Rufus | P. Vicrius |
| 146 | Sex. Erucius Clarus II | Cn. Claudius Severus Arabianus |
| Mar. | Q. Licinius Modestinus (Sex.?) Attius Labeo | |
| 1 May | P. Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus | T. Prifernius Paetus Rosianus Nonius Agricola C. Labeo Tettius Geminus |
| 1 Jul. | Cn. Terentius Homullus Iunior | L. Aurelius Gallus |
| 1 Sep. | Q. Voconius Saxa Fidus | C. Annianus Verus |
| 1 Nov. | L. Aemilius Longus | Q. Cornelius Proculus |
| 147 | C. Ulpius Pacatus Prastina Messalinus | L. Annius Largus |
| 1 Apr. | A. Claudius Charax | Q. Fuficius Cornutus |
| 1 Jul. | Cupressenus Gallus | Q. Cornelius Quadratus |
| 1 Oct. | Sex. Cocceius Severianus Honorinus | Ti. Licinius Cassius Cassianus |
| suff. | C. Popilius Carus Pedo | |
| 148 | L. Octavius Cornelius P. Salvius Julianus Aemilianus | C. Bellicus Calpurnius Torquatus |
| 1 Apr. | Satyrius Firmus | C. Salvius Capito |
| 1 Jul. | L. Coelius Festus | P. Orfidius Senecio |
| Oct.? | C. Fabius Agrippinus | M. Antonius Zeno |
| 149 | L. Sergius Salvidienus Scipio Orfitus[157] | Q. Pompeius Sosius Priscus |
| Jul.? | Q. Passienus Licinus | C. Julius Avitus |
| 150 | M. Gavius Squilla Gallicanus | Sex. Carminius Vetus |
| Apr.? | […]mus | C. La[berius Priscus?] |
| Jul.? | M. Cassius Apollinaris | M. Petronius Mamertinus |
| Oct. | C. Curtius Justus | C. Julius Julianus[158] |
| 151 | ||
| Jul.? | M. Cominius Secundus | L. Attidius Cornelianus |
| 152 | M'. Acilius Glabrio Cn. Cornelius Severus | M. Valerius Homullus |
| 1 Apr. | P. Sufenas [Verus?] | L. Dasumius Tullius Tuscus |
| 1 Jul. | C. Novius Priscus | L. Julius Romulus |
| 1 Oct. | P. Cluvius Maximus Paulinus | M. Servilius Silanus |
| 153 | L. Fulvius Rusticus C. Bruttius Praesens | A. Junius Rufinus |
| 1 Apr. | [? Sex. Caecilius / C. Julius Max]imus | M. Pontius Sabinus |
| 1 Jul. | P. Septimius Aper | M. Sedatius Severianus Julius Acer Metilius Nepos Rufinus Ti. Rutilianus Censor |
| 1 Oct. | C. Cattius Marcellus | Q. Petiedius Gallus |
| 154 | L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus | T. Sextius Lateranus |
| 1 Apr. | [Prifernius?] Paetus | M. Nonius Macrinus |
| 1 Jul. | [? M. Valerius Etrus]cus (?) | L. [Aemilius Iuncus?] |
| 1 Sep. | Ti. Claudius Julianus | Sex. Calpurnius Agricola |
| 1 Nov. | C. Julius Statius Severus | T. Junius Severus |
| 155 | C. Julius Severus | M. Junius Rufinus Sabinianus |
| Apr.? | C. Aufidius Victorinus | M. Gavius [Appalius Maximus?] |
| Nov. | Antius Pollio | Minicius Opimianus |
| Dec. | [D. Rupilius?] Severus | L. Julius T. Statilius Severus |
| 156 | C. Serius Augurinus | |
| Mar.? | A. Avillius Urinatius Quadratus | Strabo Aemilianus |
| Nov.? | Q. Canusius Praenestinus | C. Lusius Sparsus |
| 157 | M. Vettulenus Civica Barbarus | M. Metilius Aquillius Regulus Nepos Volusius Torquatus Fronto |
| 1 Apr. | L. Roscius Aelianus | Cn. Papirius Aelianus |
| Jul.? | C. Julius Commodus Orfitianus | C. Caelius Secundus |
| Oct.? | Q. V[…]su[…]clus[159] | Q. […]inus |
| 158 | Sex. Sulpicius Tertullus | Q. Tineius Sacerdos Clemens |
| Jul.? | M. Servilius Fabianus Maximus | Q. Iallius Bassus |
| Sep.? | Q. Pomponius Musa | L. Cassius Juvenalis |
| 159 | Plautius Quintillus | M. Statius Priscus Licinius Italicus |
| 1 Apr. | M. Pisibanius Lepidus | L. Matuccius Fuscinus |
| 1 Jul. | P. Cornelius Dexter | unidentified |
| 1 Oct. | A. Curtius Crispinus | unidentified |
| 160 | Ap. Annius Atilius Bradua | T. Clodius Vibius Varus |
| 1 Mar. | A. Platorius Nepos Calpurnianus | M. Postumius Festus |
| May? | [C. Septimius? S]everus | […] Flavus |
| Jul.? | C. Prastina Pacatus | M. Censorius Paullus |
| Oct.? | Ti. Oclatius Severus | [Q.?] Ninnius Hastianus |
| suff. | [… N]ovius Sabinianus (attested 18 December) | |
| 161 | M. Aurelius Caesar III | L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus II |
| suff. | M. Annius Libo (attested 8 Feb. – 26 Apr.) | Q. Camurius Numisius Junior |
| Oct.? | (?) Julius Geminus Capellianus | T. Flavius Boethus |
| 162[160] | Q. Junius Rusticus II | L. Titius Plautius Aquilinus |
| suff.[161] | (attested 23 August) | Ti. Claudius Pompeianus |
| suff. | D. Fonteius Frontinianus L. Stertinius Rufus | ignotus |
| suff. | M. Insteius Bithynicus | ignotus |
| 163 | A. Junius Pastor L. Caesennius Sospes | |
| 164 | M. Pompeius Macrinus | P. Juventius Celsus |
| suff. | Ti. Haterius Saturninus (attested 19 and 21 July) | Q. Caecilius Avitus |
| 165 | M. Gavius Orfitus | L. Arrius Pudens |
| 166 | Q. Servilius Pudens | L. Fufidius Pollio |
| suff. | M. Vibius Liberalis (attested 23 March) | P. Martius Verus |
| 167 | Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Verus Augustus III | M. Ummidius Quadratus |
| suff. | Q. Caecilius Dentilianus (attested 5 May) | M. Antonius Pallas |
| 168 | L. Venuleius Apronianus Octavius Priscus II | L. Sergius Paullus II |
| suff. | Q. Tullius Maximus[162] | ignotus |
| 169 | Q. Pompeius Senecio Sosius Priscus | P. Coelius Apollinaris |
| 170 | M. Gavius Cornelius Cethegus | |
| suff. | T. Hoenius Severus | ignotus |
| 171 | T. Statilius Severus | L. Alfidius Herennianus |
| 172 | Ser. Calpurnius Scipio Orfitus | Sex. Quintilius Maximus |
| suff. | C. Modius Justus | ignotus |
| 173 | Cn. Claudius Severus II | Ti. Claudius Pompeianus II |
| 174 | Q. Volusius Flaccus Cornelianus | |
| suff. | M. Aemilius Macer Saturninus | ignotus |
| 175 | L. Calpurnius Piso | P. Salvius Julianus |
| suff. | P. Helvius Pertinax | M. Didius Severus Julianus |
| 176 | T. Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio II | M. Flavius Aper II |
| 177 | L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Caesar | M. Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus |
| 178 | Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus | D. Velius Rufus (Julianus?) |
| 179 | Imp. Caesar L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus II | P. Martius Verus II |
| suff.[163] | T. Flavius Claudianus (attested 21 March) | L. Aemilius Iuncus |
| suff.[164] | M'. Acilius Faustinus (attested 1 April) | L. Julius Proculianus |
| 180 | L. Fulvius Rusticus C. Bruttius Praesens II | Sex. Quintilius Condianus |
| 181[165] | Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Commodus Augustus III | L. Antistius Burrus |
| 182 | M. Petronius Sura Mamertinus | Q. Tineius Rufus |
| suff. | (?) Aurelianus (attested 15 May) | (L. Attidius?) Cornelianus |
| 183 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus IV | C. Aufidius Victorinus II |
| suff. | L. Tutilius Pontianus Gentianus (attested 8 February) | ignotus |
| suff. | M. Herennius Secundus (attested 13 and 20 May) | M. Egnatius Postumus |
| suff. | T. Pactumeius Magnus (after 20 May) | L. Septimius Flaccus |
| 184 | Cn. Papirius Aelianus | |
| suff. | C. Octavius Vindex (attested 18 May) | Cassius Apronianus[166] |
| 185 | Triarius Maternus Lascivius | Ti. Claudius M. Ap. Atilius Bradua Regillus Atticus |
| 186 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus V | II |
| suff. | L. Novius Rufus (attested 25 May) | L. Annius Ravus[167] |
| suff. | C. Sabucius Maior Caecilianus (attested 24 and 27 November) | Valerius Senecio |
| 187 | L. Bruttius Quintius Crispinus | L. Roscius Aelianus Paculus |
| 188 | P. Seius Fuscianus II | M. Servilius Silanus II |
| 189 | Dulius Silanus | Q. Servilius Silanus |
| suff. | Severus (attested 27 May) | Vitellius |
| 190 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus VI | M. Petronius Sura Septimianus |
| suff. | L. Septimius Severus (May–?) | Apuleius Rufinus[168] |
| 191 | Popilius Pedo Apronianus | M. Valerius Bradua Mauricus |
| 192 | Imp. Caesar L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus VII | P. Helvius Pertinax II |
| 193[169] | Q. Pompeius Sosius Falco | C. Julius Erucius Clarus Vibianus |
| suff. | Q. Tineius Sacerdos (March) | P. Julius Scapula Priscus |
| suff. | M. Silius Messala (May) | ignotus |
| suff. | L. Julius Messala Rutilianus (July) | C. Aemilius Severus Cantabrinus |
| suff. | L. Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus[170] | |
| 194 | Imp. Caesar L. Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus II | D. Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar II |
| suff. | C. Gabinius Barbarus Pompeianus | ignotus |
| 195 | P. Julius Scapula Tertullus Priscus | Q. Tineius Clemens |
| 196 | C. Domitius Dexter II | L. Valerius Messalla Thrasea Priscus |
| 197 | T. Sextius Magius Lateranus | Cuspius Rufinus[171] |
| 198 | P. Martius Sergius Saturninus | L. Aurelius Gallus |
| suff. | Q. Anicius Faustus[172] | ignotus |
| 199 | P. Cornelius Anullinus II | M. Aufidius Fronto |
| 200 | Ti. Claudius Severus Proculus | C. Aufidius Victorinus |
Third century (201–300)[]
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 201 | L. Annius Fabianus | M. Nonius Arrius Mucianus |
| 202 | Imp. Caesar L. Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus III | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus |
| suff.[173] | T. Murrenius Severus | C. Cassius Regallianus |
| 203 | C. Fulvius Plautianus | P. Septimius Geta II |
| 204 | L. Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus II | M. Annius Flavius Libo |
| suff. | L. Pomponius Liberalis[174] | ignotus |
| 205 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus II | P. Septimius Geta Caesar |
| 206 | M. Nummius Umbrius Primus Senecio Albinus | L. Fulvius Gavius Numisius Petronius Aemilianus |
| suff.[175] | P. Tullius Marsus (attested 10 December) | M. Caelius Faustinus |
| 207 | L. Annius Maximus[176] | C. Septimius Severus Aper |
| 208 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus III | P. Septimius Geta Caesar II |
| 209 | L. Aurelius Commodus Pompeianus | Q. Hedius Lollianus Plautius Avitus |
| 210 | M'. Acilius Faustinus | A. Triarius Rufinus |
| 211 | Hedius Lollianus Terentius Gentianus | Pomponius Bassus |
| 212 | II | C. Julius Camilius Asper |
| suff. | (Cn. Claudius ?) Severus (May–June) | (Ti. Claudius ?) Pompeianus |
| 213 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus IV | D. Caelius Calvinus Balbinus II |
| 214 | L. Valerius Messalla | C. Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus |
| 215 | Q. Maecius Laetus II | M. Munatius Sulla Cerialis |
| 216 | P. Catius Sabinus II | P. Cornelius Anullinus |
| 217 | C. Bruttius Praesens | T. Messius Extricatus II |
| 218 | Imp. Caesar M. Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus II | M. Oclatinius Adventus |
| suff. | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (from 8 June) | |
| 219 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus II | Q. Tineius Sacerdos II |
| 220 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus III | P. Valerius Comazon |
| 221 | C. Vettius Gratus Sabinianus | M. Flavius Vitellius Seleucus |
| 222 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus IV | M. Aurelius Alexander Caesar |
| 223 | L. Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus II | L. Roscius Aelianus Paculus Salvius Julianus |
| 224 | Ap. Claudius Julianus II | C. Bruttius Crispinus |
| 225 | Ti. Manilius Fuscus II | Ser. Calpurnius Domitius Dexter |
| 226 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus II | C. Aufidius Marcellus II |
| 227 | M. Nummius Senecio Albinus | M. Laelius Fulvius Maximus Aemilianus |
| 228 | Q. Aiacius Modestus Crescentianus II | M. Pomponius Maecius Probus |
| 229 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus III | Cassius Dio II |
| 230 | L. Virius Agricola | Sex. Catius Clementinus Priscillianus |
| 231 | L. Ti. Claudius Pompeianus | T. Flavius Sallustius Paelignianus |
| 232 | L. Marius Maximus | |
| 233 | L. Valerius Maximus Acilius Priscillianus | Cn. Cornelius Paternus |
| 234 | M. Clodius Pupienus Maximus II | M. Munatius Sulla Urbanus[177] |
| 235 | Cn. Claudius Severus | L. Ti. Claudius Quintianus |
| 236[178] | Imp. Caesar C. Julius Verus Maximinus Augustus | M. Pupienus Africanus Maximus |
| 237 | L. Marius Perpetuus | L. Mummius Felix Cornelianus |
| 238 | [? L.] Fulvius Pius | Pontius Proculus Pontianus |
| 239 | Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Augustus | M'. Acilius Aviola |
| 240 | C. Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus II | L. Ragonius Venustus |
| 241 | Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Augustus II | Clodius Pompeianus |
| 242 | C. Vettius Gratus Atticus Sabinianus | |
| 243 | L. Annius Arrianus | C. Cervonius Papus |
| 244 | Ti. Pollienus Armenius Peregrinus | Fulvius Aemilianus |
| 245 | Imp. Caesar M. Julius Philippus Augustus | C. Maesius Titianus |
| 246 | C. Bruttius Praesens | C. Allius Albinus[179] |
| 247 | Imp. Caesar M. Julius Philippus Augustus II | M. Julius Severus Philippus Caesar |
| 248 | Imp. Caesar M. Julius Philippus Augustus III | Imp. Caesar M. Julius Severus Philippus Augustus II |
| 249 | L. Fulvius Gavius Numisius Aemilianus II | L. Naevius Aquilinus |
| 250 | Imp. Caesar C. Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius Augustus II | Vettius Gratus |
| 251 | Imp. Caesar C. Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius Augustus III | Q. Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius Caesar |
| 252 | Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus Augustus II | Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Volusianus Augustus |
| 253 | Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Volusianus Augustus II | L. Valerius Poplicola Balbinus Maximus |
| 254 | Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus II | Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus |
| 255 | Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus III | Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus II |
| 256 | L. Valerius Maximus . . . Acilius Priscillianus II | M. Acilius Glabrio |
| 257 | Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus IV | Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus III |
| 258 | M. Nummius Tuscus | Mummius Bassus |
| 259 | (Nummius) Aemilianus (Dexter) | Pomponius Bassus |
| 260 | P. Cornelius Saecularis II | C. Junius Donatus II |
| Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus II (Gaul) | Honoratianus (Gaul)[180] | |
| 261 | Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus IV | L. Petronius Taurus Volusianus |
| Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus III (Gaul) | ||
| Imp. Caesar Fulvius Macrianus Augustus II (East) | Imp. Caesar Fulvius Quietus Augustus (East) | |
| 262 | Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus V | Nummius Faustianus |
| 263 | M. Nummius Albinus II | Dexter (Maximus?) |
| 264 | Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus VI | Saturninus |
| 265 | Licinius Valerianus II | Lucillus |
| 266 | Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus VII | Sabinillus |
| 267 | Ovinius C. Julius Aquilius Paternus | Arcesilaus |
| Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus IV (Gaul) | M. Piavonius Victorinus (Gaul) | |
| 268 | Aspasius Paternus II | P. Licinius Egnatius Marinianus |
| Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus V (Gaul) | ||
| 269 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Claudius Augustus | Paternus |
| Imp. Caesar M. Piavonius Victorinus II (Gaul) | Sanctus (Gaul) | |
| 270 | Flavius Antiochianus II | Virius Orfitus |
| Imp. Caesar M. Piavonius Victorinus II (Gaul) | ||
| 271 | Imp. Caesar L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus | Pomponius Bassus II |
| Imp. Caesar C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus Augustus (Gaul) | ||
| 272 | T. Flavius Postumius Quietus | Junius Veldumnianus |
| Imp. Caesar C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus Augustus II (Gaul) | ||
| 273 | A. Caecina Tacitus or M. Claudius Tacitus[181][182] | Julius Placidianus |
| Imp. Caesar C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus Augustus III (Gaul) | ||
| 274 | Imp. Caesar L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus II | Capitolinus |
| 275 | Imp. Caesar L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus III | (Aurelius?) Marcellinus[183] |
| 276 | Imp. Caesar M. Claudius Tacitus Augustus II | (Fulvius?) Aemilianus |
| 277 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus | (L. Julius?)[184] Paulinus |
| 278 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus II | Virius Lupus |
| 279 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus III | Nonius Paternus II |
| 280 | (L. Valerius?) Messalla | (Vettius?) Gratus |
| 281 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus IV | Junius Tiberianus |
| 282 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus V | Victorinus |
| 283 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carus Augustus II | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus |
| 284 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus II | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Numerianus Augustus |
| suff. | Imp. Caesar C. Valerius Diocletianus Augustus (November–December) | (?) L. Caesonius Ovinius Rufinus Manilius Bassus II (November–December) |
| 285 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus III (West) | T. Claudius Aurelius Aristobulus |
| Imp. Caesar C. Valerius Diocletianus Augustus II (East)[185] | ||
| 286 | M. Junius Maximus II | Vettius Aquilinus |
| 287 | Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus III | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus |
| 288 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus II | Pomponius Januarianus |
| suff. | ... a | ... ivianus[186] |
| Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius II (Britain) | ||
| 289 | M. Magrius Bassus (January–June)[187] | L. Ragonius Quintianus (January–June) |
| suff. | M. Umbrius Primus (July–August) | T. Flavius Coelianus (July–August) |
| suff. | Ceionius Proculus (September–October) | Helvius Clemens (September–October) |
| suff. | Flavius Decimus (November–December) | ... ninius Maximus (November–December) |
| Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius III (Britain) | ||
| 290 | Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus IV | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus III |
| Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius IV (Britain) | ||
| 291 | C. Junius Tiberianus II | Cassius Dio |
| 292 | Afranius Hannibalianus | Julius Asclepiodotus |
| 293 | Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus V | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus IV |
| 294 | Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar | C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar |
| 295 | Nummius Tuscus | C. Annius Anullinus |
| 296 | Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus VI | Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar II |
| 297 | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus V | C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar II |
| 298 | Anicius Faustus II | Virius Gallus |
| 299 | Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus VII | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VI |
| 300 | Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar III | C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar III |
Fourth century (301–395)[]
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 301 | T. Flavius Postumius Titianus II | Virius Nepotianus |
| 302 | Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar IV | C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar IV |
| 303 | Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus VIII | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VII |
| 304 | Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus IX | Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VIII |
| 305 | Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar V | C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar V |
| 306 | Flavius Valerius Constantius Augustus VI | C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VI |
| 307 | (a) Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus | Galerius Valerius Maximinus Caesar |
| (b) M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus IX | Flavius Valerius Constantinus Caesar | |
| (c) C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VII (until Apr.) | Galerius Valerius Maximinus Caesar (until Apr.) | |
| 308 | (a) C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus X | C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VII |
| (b) M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus X[188] | ||
| (c) M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus (from Apr.) | Valerius Romulus (from Apr.) | |
| 309 | (a) Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus | Flavius Valerius Constantinus Caesar[189] |
| (b) Post consulatum Diocletiani Augusti X et Maximiani Augusti VII | ||
| (c) M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus II | Valerius Romulus II | |
| 310 | (a) Tatius Andronicus | Pompeius Probus |
| (b) M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus III | without colleague | |
| 311 | (a) C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VIII | Galerius Valerius Maximinus Augustus II |
| (b) C. Ceionius Rufius Volusianus (from Sep.) | Rufinus[190] (from Sep.) | |
| 312 | (a) Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus II | Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus II |
| (b) M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus IV | without colleague | |
| 313 | Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus III | Galerius Valerius Maximinus Augustus III |
| Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus III (from c. August) | ||
| 314 | C. Ceionius Rufius Volusianus (II) | Petronius Annianus |
| 315 | Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus IV | Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus IV |
| 316 | C. Vettius Cossinius Rufinus | |
| 317 | Ovinius Gallicanus | Caesonius Bassus (from February) |
| 318 | Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus V | Flavius Julius Crispus Caesar |
| 319 | Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus V | Valerius Licinianus Licinius Caesar |
| 320 | Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus VI | Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar |
| 321 | (a) Flavius Julius Crispus Caesar II | Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar II |
| (b) Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus VI | Valerius Licinianus Licinius Caesar II | |
| 322 | (a) Petronius Probianus | Amnius Anicius Julianus |
| (b) Post consulatum Licinii Augusti VI et Licinii Caesaris II | ||
| 323 | (a) Acilius Severus | Vettius Rufinus[191] |
| (b) II post consulatum Licinii Augusti VI et Licinii Caesaris II | ||
| 324 | Flavius Julius Crispus Caesar III | Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar III |
| 325 | Valerius Proculus (January–May)[192] | Sex. Anicius Paulinus |
| suff. | Julius Julianus (May–December)[193] | |
| 326 | Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus VII | Flavius Julius Constantius Caesar |
| 327 | Flavius Constantius | Valerius Maximus |
| 328 | Flavius Januarinus | Vettius Justus |
| 329 | Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus VIII | Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar IV |
| 330 | Flavius Gallicanus | Aurelius Valerius Symmachus Tullianus |
| 331 | Junius Bassus | Flavius Ablabius |
| 332 | ||
| 333 | Flavius Dalmatius | Domitius Zenofilus |
| 334 | Flavius Optatus | Amnius M'. Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Paulinus |
| 335 | Julius Constantius | Ceionius Rufius Albinus |
| 336 | Virius Nepotianus | |
| 337 | ||
| 338 | Flavius Ursus | Flavius Polemius |
| 339 | Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus II | Flavius Julius Constans Augustus |
| 340 | Septimius Acindynus | L. Aradius Valerius Proculus |
| 341 | Antonius Marcellinus | Petronius Probinus |
| 342 | Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus III | Flavius Julius Constans Augustus II |
| 343 | M. Maecius Memmius Furius Baburius Caecilianus Placidus | Flavius Romulus |
| 344 | Flavius Bonosus (West, until April/May) | |
| Julius Sallustius (East, all year. West, after April/May) | ||
| 345 | Flavius Amantius | |
| 346 | Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus IV | Flavius Julius Constans Augustus III |
| 347 | Vulcacius Rufinus | Flavius Eusebius |
| 348 | Flavius Philippus | Flavius Salia |
| 349 | Ulpius Limenius | Aconius Catullinus |
| 350 | Flavius Sergius | Flavius Nigrinianus |
| 351 | West: Flavius Magnus Magnentius Augustus | Gaiso |
| East: post consulatum Sergii et Nigriniani | ||
| 352 | West: Magnus Decentius Caesar | Paulus |
| East: Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus V | Flavius Claudius Constantius Caesar | |
| 353 | Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus VI | Flavius Claudius Constantius Caesar II |
| 354 | Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus VII | Flavius Claudius Constantius Caesar III |
| 355 | Flavius Arbitio | Q. Flavius Maesius Egnatius Lollianus |
| 356 | Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus VIII | Flavius Claudius Julianus Caesar |
| 357 | Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus IX | Flavius Claudius Julianus Caesar II |
| 358 | Censorius Datianus | Neratius Cerealis |
| 359 | Flavius Eusebius | Flavius Hypatius |
| 360 | Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus X | Flavius Claudius Julianus Caesar III |
| 361 | Flavius Taurus | Flavius Florentius |
| 362 | Claudius Mamertinus | Flavius Nevitta |
| 363 | Flavius Claudius Julianus Augustus IV | Flavius Sallustius |
| 364 | Flavius Jovianus Augustus | Varronianus |
| 365 | Flavius Valentinianus Augustus | Flavius Valens Augustus |
| 366 | Flavius Gratianus | Dagalaifus |
| 367 | Flavius Lupicinus | Flavius Jovinus |
| 368 | Flavius Valentinianus Augustus II | Flavius Valens Augustus II |
| 369 | Valentinianus Galates | Flavius Victor |
| 370 | Flavius Valentinianus Augustus III | Flavius Valens Augustus III |
| 371 | Flavius Gratianus Augustus II | Sex. Claudius Petronius Probus |
| 372 | Domitius Modestus | Flavius Arintheus |
| 373 | Flavius Valentinianus Augustus IV | Flavius Valens Augustus IV |
| 374 | Flavius Gratianus Augustus III | Flavius Equitius |
| 375 | post consulatum Gratiani Augusti III et Equitii | |
| 376 | Flavius Valens Augustus V | Flavius Valentinianus (junior) Augustus |
| 377 | Flavius Gratianus Augustus IV | Flavius Merobaudes |
| 378 | Flavius Valens Augustus VI | Flavius Valentinianus Augustus II |
| 379 | Decimius Magnus Ausonius | Q. Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius |
| 380 | Flavius Gratianus Augustus V | Flavius Theodosius Augustus |
| 381 | Flavius Syagrius (western consul) | (eastern consul) |
| 382 | Claudius Antonius | Afranius Syagrius |
| 383 | Flavius Merobaudes II | Flavius Saturninus |
| 384 | East: Flavius Ricomer | Flavius Clearchus |
| West: Magnus Maximus Augustus | ||
| 385 | Flavius Arcadius Augustus | Flavius Bauto |
| 386 | Flavius Honorius | Flavius Euodius |
| 387 | Flavius Valentinianus Augustus III | Eutropius |
| 388 | West: Magnus Maximus Augustus II | without colleague |
| East: Flavius Theodosius Augustus II | Maternus Cynegius | |
| 389 | Flavius Timasius | Flavius Promotus |
| 390 | Flavius Valentinianus Augustus IV | Flavius Neoterius |
| 391 | Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus | Q. Aurelius Symmachus |
| 392 | Flavius Arcadius Augustus II | Flavius Rufinus |
| 393 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus III | West: Flavius Eugenius Augustus |
| East: Flavius Abundantius | ||
| 394 | West: Virius Nicomachus Flavianus | without colleague |
| East: Flavius Arcadius Augustus III | Flavius Honorius Augustus II | |
| 395 | Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius | Anicius Probinus |
Until the fall of the Western Empire (396–480)[]
In 395, the Roman Empire was divided into a Western Roman Empire and an Eastern Roman Empire. The separate courts often appointed a consul each. Western consuls continued to be appointed after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476.
| Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| 396 | Flavius Arcadius Augustus IV | Flavius Honorius Augustus III |
| 397 | Flavius Caesarius | Nonius Atticus |
| 398 | Flavius Honorius Augustus IV | Flavius Eutychianus |
| 399 | Flavius Mallius Theodorus (West) | Eutropius (East only) |
| 400 | Flavius Stilicho | Aurelianus (East only) |
| 401 | Flavius Fravitta | |
| 402 | Flavius Arcadius Augustus V | Flavius Honorius Augustus V |
| 403 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus | Flavius Rumoridus |
| 404 | Flavius Honorius Augustus VI | Aristaenetus (East only) |
| 405 | Flavius Stilicho II | Flavius Anthemius (East only) |
| 406 | Flavius Arcadius Augustus VI | Anicius Petronius Probus |
| 407 | Flavius Honorius Augustus VII | Flavius Theodosius Augustus II |
| 408 | Anicius Auchenius Bassus | Flavius Philippus |
| 409 | Flavius Honorius Augustus VIII | Flavius Theodosius Augustus III |
| Flavius Claudius Constantinus Augustus (Britain/Gaul) | ||
| 410 | Varanes | sine collega |
| Tertullus (recognized by Priscus Attalus and Alaric) | ||
| 411 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus IV | sine collega |
| 412 | Flavius Honorius Augustus IX | Flavius Theodosius Augustus V |
| 413 | Heraclianus | Flavius Lucius |
| 414 | Flavius Constantius | Flavius Constans |
| 415 | Flavius Honorius Augustus X | Flavius Theodosius Augustus VI |
| 416 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus VII | Junius Quartus Palladius |
| 417 | Flavius Honorius Augustus XI | Flavius Constantius II |
| 418 | Flavius Honorius Augustus XII | Flavius Theodosius Augustus VIII |
| 419 | Flavius Monaxius | Flavius Plinta |
| 420 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus IX | Flavius Constantius III |
| 421 | Flavius Agricola (West) | Flavius Eustathius (East) |
| 422 | Flavius Honorius Augustus XIII | Flavius Theodosius Augustus X |
| 423 | Flavius Avitus Marinianus (West) | Flavius Asclepiodotus (East) |
| 424 | Flavius Castinus (West only) | Victor (East only) |
| 425 | West: Johannes Augustus | |
| East: Flavius Theodosius Augustus XI | Placidus Valentinianus Caesar | |
| 426 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus XII | Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus II |
| 427 | Flavius Hierius | Flavius Ardabur |
| 428 | Flavius Felix | Flavius Taurus |
| 429 | Flavius Florentius | |
| 430 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus XIII | Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus III |
| 431 | Anicius Auchenius Bassus (West) | Flavius Antiochus (East) |
| 432 | Flavius Aetius (West) | Flavius Valerius (East) |
| 433 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus XIV | Petronius Maximus |
| 434 | Flavius Ardabur Aspar (West) | Flavius Areobindus (East) |
| 435 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus XV | Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus IV |
| 436 | Flavius Anthemius Isidorus | Flavius Senator |
| 437 | Flavius Aetius II | Flavius Sigisvultus |
| 438 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus XVI | Anicius Acilius Glabrio Faustus |
| 439 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus XVII | Festus |
| 440 | Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus V | Flavius Anatolius |
| 441 | Flavius Taurus Seleucus Cyrus | sine collega |
| 442 | (West) | (East) |
| 443 | Petronius Maximus II | Flavius Paterius |
| 444 | Flavius Theodosius Augustus XVIII | Caecina Decius Aginatius Albinus |
| 445 | Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus VI | Flavius Nomus |
| 446 | Flavius Aetius III | Q. Aurelius Symmachus |
| 447 | Flavius Calepius (West) | Flavius Ardabur (junior) (East) |
| 448 | (West) | Flavius Zeno (East) |
| 449 | Flavius Astyrius (West) | Flavius Flor(entius?) Romanus Protogenes (East) |
| 450 | Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus VII | Gennadius Avienus |
| 451 | Marcianus Augustus (East only) | (West only) |
| 452 | Flavius Bassus Herculanus (West only) | Flavius Sporacius (East only) |
| 453 | Flavius Opilio (West) | (East only) |
| 454 | Flavius Studius | |
| 455 | Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus VIII | Procopius Anthemius |
| 456 | West: Eparchius Avitus Augustus | sine collega |
| East: | Johannes | |
| 457 | Flavius Constantinus | Flavius Rufus |
| 458 | Leo Augustus | Julius Valerius Majorianus Augustus (West only) |
| 459 | Flavius Ricimer (West only) | Flavius Patricius (East only) |
| 460 | Flavius Magnus (West) | Flavius Apollonius (East) |
| 461 | Flavius Severinus (West) | Flavius Dagalaifus (East) |
| 462 | Leo Augustus II (East only) | Libius Severus Augustus (West only) |
| 463 | Caecina Decius Basilius (West only) | Flavius Antoninus Messala Vivianus (East only) |
| 464 | Flavius Rusticius | Anicius Olybrius |
| 465 | Flavius Hermenericus (West) | Flavius Basiliscus (East) |
| 466 | Leo Augustus III | Tatianus (?) |
| 467 | Flavius Pusaeus | Flavius Johannes |
| 468 | Procopius Anthemius Augustus II | sine collega |
| 469 | Flavius Marcianus (West) | Flavius Zeno (East) |
| 470 | Messius Phoebus Severus (West) | Flavius Jordanes (East) |
| 471 | Leo Augustus IV | Caelius Aconius Probianus |
| 472 | Rufius Postumius Festus (West) | Flavius Marcianus (East)[194] |
| 473 | Leo Augustus V | sine collega |
| 474 | Leo (junior) Augustus | sine collega |
| 475 | Flavius Zeno Augustus II | sine collega |
| 476 | Flavius Basiliscus Augustus II | Flavius Armatus |
| 477 | post consulatum Basilisci Augusti II et Armati | post consulatum Basilisci Augusti II et Armati |
| 478 | Illus | sine collega |
| 479 | Flavius Zeno Augustus III | sine collega |
| 480 | Caecina Decius Maximus Basilius[195] | sine collega |
After the fall of the Western Empire (481–541)[]
| Year | Eastern consul | Western consul |
|---|---|---|
| 481 | sine collega | Rufius Achilius Maecius Placidus |
| 482 | Flavius Appalius Illus Trocundes | Severinus |
| 483 | post consulatum Trocundi | Anicius Acilius Aginantius Faustus |
| 484 | Flavius Theodericus | Decius Marius Venantius Basilius |
| 485 | post consulatum Theoderici | Q. Aurelius Memmius Symmachus |
| 486 | Flavius Longinus | Caecina Mavortius Basilius Decius |
| 487 | post consulatum Longini | Nar. Manlius Boëthius |
| 488 | II post consulatum Longini | Claudius Julius Ecclesius Dynamius |
| Rufius Achilius Sividius | ||
| 489 | Flavius Eusebius | Petronius Probinus |
| 490 | Flavius Longinus II | Anicius Probus Faustus |
| 491 | sine collega | Flavius Olybrius |
| 492 | Flavius Anastasius Augustus | Flavius Rufus (eastern) |
| 493 | Flavius Eusebius II | Caecina Decius Faustus Albinus |
| 494 | post consulatum Eusebii II | Turcius Rufius Apronianus Asterius |
| Flavius Praesidius | ||
| 495 | sine collega | Flavius Viator[196] |
| 496 | Flavius Paulus | post consulatum Viatoris |
| 497 | Flavius Anastasius Augustus II | II post consulatum Viatoris |
| 498 | Johannes Scytha | Flavius Paulinus |
| 499 | Johannes qui et Gibbus | post consulatum Paulini |
| 500 | Flavius Patricius | II post consulatum Paulini |
| Flavius Hypatius | ||
| 501 | Flavius Pompeius | Flavius Avienus |
| 502 | Flavius Probus | Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus |
| 503 | Flavius Dexicrates | Flavius Volusianus |
| 504 | sine collega | Rufius Petronius Nicomachus Cethegus |
| 505 | Flavius Sabinianus | Flavius Theodorus |
| 506 | Flavius Areobindus Dagalaifus Areobindus | Ennodius Messala |
| 507 | Flavius Anastasius Augustus III | Venantius |
| 508 | Flavius Celer | Basilius Venantius |
| 509 | sine collega | Flavius Inportunus |
| 510 | sine collega | Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius |
| 511 | Arcadius Placidus Magnus Felix | |
| 512 | Flavius Paulus | post consulatum Felicis |
| Flavius Moschianus | ||
| 513 | Flavius Probus | |
| 514 | sine collega | Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator |
| 515 | Procopius Anthemius | Flavius Florentius |
| 516 | sine collega | Flavius Petrus |
| 517 | Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus Pompeius Anastasius | Flavius Agapitus |
| 518 | Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Moschianus Probus Magnus | post consulatum Agapiti |
| 519 | Flavius Justinus Augustus | Eutharicus Cillica |
| 520 | Flavius Vitalianus | Flavius Rusticius |
| 521 | Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus | [197] |
| 522 | Flavius Symmachus (western) | Flavius Boethius |
| 523 | sine collega | Flavius Maximus |
| 524 | Flavius Justinus Augustus II | Venantius Opilio |
| 525 | Flavius Probus | |
| 526 | sine collega | Flavius Olybrius |
| 527 | sine collega | Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius |
| 528 | Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus II | post consulatum Mavortii |
| 529 | sine collega | Flavius Decius |
| 530 | Flavius Lampadius (western) | Rufius Gennadius Probus Orestes |
| 531 | post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis | |
| 532 | II post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis | |
| 533 | Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus III | III post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis |
| 534 | Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus IV | Flavius Paulinus |
| 535 | Flavius Belisarius | post consulatum Paulini |
| 536 | post consulatum Belisarii | |
| 537 | II post consulatum Belisarii | |
| 538 | Flavius Marianus Michaelius Gabrielius Archangelus Ioannes[198] | sine collega |
| 539 | Flavius Strategius Apion Strategius Apion | post consulatum Ioannis |
| 540 | Flavius Mar. Petrus Theodorus Valentinus Rusticius Boraides Germanus Justinus | sine collega |
| 541 | Anicius Faustus Albinus Basilius | sine collega |
Roman consuls of the East alone (541–887)[]
During the reign of Justinian I (527–565), the position of consul altered in two significant ways. From 535, there was no longer a Roman consul chosen in the West. In 541, the separate office of Roman consul was abolished.[199] When used thereafter, the office was with few exceptions used as part of the imperial title. The office was finally abolished as part of the Basilika reforms of Leo VI the Wise in 887.[200] The late antiquity practice of granting honorary consulships eventually evolved into the Byzantine court dignity of hypatos (the Greek translation of the Latin consul), which survived until the 12th century.[201]
- 566: Flavius Justinus Augustus[202]
- 568: Flavius Justinus Augustus II
- 579: Flavius Tiberius Constantinus Augustus
- 583: Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus
- 603: Flavius Phocas Augustus
- 611: Flavius Heraclius Augustus
- 613: Flavius Heraclius novus Constantinus Augustus
- 639: Flavius Constantinus Heraclius Augustus
- 642: Flavius Constantinus Augustus
- 656: Theodosius & Paulus[203]
- 668: Flavius Constantinus Augustus
- 686: Flavius Justinianus Augustus[204][205]
- 699: Tiberius Augustus
- 711: Filepicus Augustus[206]
- 714: Anastasius Augustus
- 718: Leo Augustus
- 742: Constantinus Augustus
- 776: Leo Augustus
- 782: Constantinus Augustus
- 803: Nicephorus Augustus
- 814: Leo Augustus
- 821: Michael Augustus
- 830: Theophilus Augustus
- 843: Michael Augustus
- 867: Basilius Augustus
- 887: Leo Augustus
Endnotes[]
- ^ a b c d e f g "Consules", in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Consul" in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities.
- ^ Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. xi, xii.
- ^ "Dictator" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
- ^ Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. xi, xii, 141, 148, 149, 163, 171.
- ^ Livy, History of Rome, iii. 32 ff.
- ^ "Decemviri" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
- ^ a b "Tribunus" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
- ^ Livy, History of Rome, vi. 42, vii. 1.
- ^ Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. 108–114.
- ^ Anthony Grafton and Noel Swerdlow, "Technical Chronology and Astrological History in Varro, Censorinus, and Others", Classical Quarterly, N.S. 35 (1985), p. 454-65
- ^ Lendering, Jona (2008). "Varronian Chronology". Livius.Org.
- ^ Tacitus, Historiae, 3.37
- ^ Taylor & Broughton, pp. 3–14.
- ^ Drummond 1978, pp. 81–86.
- ^ Drummond 1978, p. 80.
- ^ Taylor & Broughton 1949, p. 9.
- ^ Taylor 1951, p. 78.
- ^ Taylor & Broughton 1968, p. 166.
- ^ Drummond 1978, pp. 97–99, 106.
- ^ Drummond 1978, pp. 81–82, 106.
- ^ Pina Polo 2011, p. 197.
- ^ Roger S. Bagnall, et alia, Consuls of the later Roman Empire, Philological Monographs #36 (Atlanta: American Philological Association, 1987), pp. 13-18
- ^ The fasti for the Gallic consuls under Postumus are incomplete, with the names of some ordinary consuls known, but not the year they served — see Martindale et al., Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire (1971), p. 1041.
- ^ Livy (2.8.5) and Dionysius of Halicarnassus (iv.1.2, iv.12.3, iv.19.2) assign 5 consuls to the first year of the Republic, an amount not repeated for a single year until imperial times. Polybius (3.22.1), probably following an older and more reliable tradition, names only Brutus and Horatius. Beloch 1926, pp. 9–10. Ogilvie 1965, p. 254.
- ^ These consuls are omitted by Livy, perhaps due to confusion with the consuls of 506 BC. Broughton 1951, pp. 6–7.
- ^ Livy (2.15.1), against other sources, names P. Lucretius and P. Valerius Poplicola III. P. Lucretius may have been corrupted from Larcius, or perhaps inserted due to confusion with T. Lucretius, Poplicola's colleague in 508 and 504 BC. Broughton 1951, pp. 6–7.
- ^ The consuls of 490 and 489 BC are omitted by Livy.
- ^ Drummond 1978, p. 103; Taylor 1951, p. 79 (note 18).
- ^ The consuls of 482 BC are omitted by Diodorus (11. 41, 48).
- ^ Drummond 1978, p. 104; Taylor 1951, p. 79 (note 18).
- ^ The consuls probably entered office on 1 August, which was the official entry date until the Decemvirate was established in 451. From 509 to 479 BC, the date was probably 1 September. Ogilvie 1965, pp. 404–405.
- ^ His name is garbled in the sources, with variations such as C. Sergius (Dionysius 9.16.1) and C. Cornelius Lentulus (Diodorus 11.52.1). Broughton 1951, pp. 25–26 (and note 1). Ridley 1980, pp. 268–269.
- ^ Only known from the Fasti Capitolini. The missing name may be Opiter Verginius, which Livy (2.54.3) gives for L. Aemilius's colleague in 473 BC, or perhaps C. Sergius. Broughton 1951, p. 26.
- ^ Livy (2.54.3) suggests Opiter Verginius as an alternative to Vopiscus Julius, but this may be a confusion with the year 478, when the other consul was also L. Aemilius. Ogilvie 1965, p. 371.
- ^ The stone inscription of the Fasti Capitolini has for this year Carve[ntanus] or Carve[tus], a rare name attested for no other consul in history. Two late Roman records have (Sempronius) Atratinus. The literary sources omit him and show his substitute, L. Minucius, holding office for the entire year. See the discussion in Broughton 1951, pp. 39, 40 (note 1); Ogilvie 1965, pp. 438, 615; Ridley 1980, pp. 271, 288.
- ^ Diodorus (12.3.1) inserts a new pair of consuls, L. Quinctius Cincinnatus and M. Fabius Vibulanus, between the colleges of 457 and 456.
- ^ Taylor 1951, pp. 74, 78 (n. 8).
- ^ Only mentioned by Dionysius (10.53.3). Broughton 1951, p. 44. Ridley 1980, p. 271.
- ^ Ancient sources disagree on whether Claudius and Genucius became decemvirs while consuls-elect or if they assumed the consulship and abdicated. Ridley 1980, p. 271.
- ^ Broughton 1951, pp. 45, 46 (n. 3); Ogilvie 1965, p. 456.
- ^ The consuls probably entered office on 13 December. This was the official date until 402. Ogilvie 1965, pp. 405, 463.
- ^ These consuls were said to be absent from the annals, but named in the linen rolls and in a treaty with Ardea. In another tradition, they became Rome's first pair of censors the following year. Authorities have variously eliminated either the consuls or the consular tribunes, attempted to fit both into 444 BC, or assigned the colleges to consecutive years. Frier 1975, pp. 79–80, 89–90.
- ^ Ogilvie 1965, p. 552.
- ^ Diodorus (12.38.1) calls him Gaius, but Ogilvie 1965, p. 557, rejects it in favor of Lucius which is given by Livy (4.16.8). Broughton 1951, pp. 57–58.
- ^ Drummond 1978, p. 96 (note 68).
- ^ Another tradition omits Cornelius and has Manlius and Sulpicius holding office as consuls. On the other hand, Licinius Macer (Livy 4.23.1–3) states that the consuls of 435, Julius and Verginius, continued in office this year. Of the three possibilities, the latter is held to be the least likely. Broughton 1951, pp. 61–62. Ogilvie 1965, p. 571.
- ^ Diodorus Siculus (12.77.1) inserts the pair L. Quinctius (Cincinnatus?) and A. Sempronius (Atratinus?) between the consuls of 428 and 427 BC, perhaps misplacing them from the college of 425. Ogilvie 1965, pp. 566, 584.
- ^ Drummond 1978, p. 88.
- ^ Authenticity doubted. Broughton 1951, p. 67.
- ^ L. Quinctius Cincinnatus III (Livy 4.44.1) or T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus II. Broughton 1951, pp. 70, 71.
- ^ Ogilvie 1965, p. 606.
- ^ Possibly identical with Q. Fabius Vibulanus, consul in 423. Broughton 1951, p. 76. Ogilvie 1965, p. 613.
- ^ Livy (4.52.4) has here Papirius Atratinus, following Licinius Macer who attributed this reading to the linen rolls. Other sources show it was Papirius Mugillanus. The surname Atratinus was only used by the Sempronii, and so the college of 411 may been three consular tribunes, Papirius, Sempronius and Nautius. Ogilvie 1965, pp. 613–614.
- ^ Livy (4.61.4) instead has Gaius Fabius Ambustus, and treats him as a different person than the tribune of 401, 395 and 390 BC. Broughton 1951, p. 81. Ogilvie 1965, p. 624.
- ^ Entered office on 1 October after the preceding college resigned. Broughton 1951, p. 83. Ogilvie 1965, p. 405.
- ^ Entered office on 1 July. Broughton 1951, p. 92. Ogilvie 1965, p. 405.
- ^ Livy (5.32.1) calls him M. Aemilius Mamercinus, indicating he is a different person than the four-time consular tribune of 389 BC forward.
- ^ Drummond 1978, pp. 88, 92.
- ^ Drummond 1980, p. 66 (note 40), 71
- ^ Diodorus Siculus (XV.24.1) states that there were six consular tribunes this year, but Livy only lists five; Attilio Degrassi suggests either L. Cornelius or A. Manlius for the sixth member of this college; Broughton, based on the evidence of the Fasti Capitolini, suggests A. Manlius Capitolinus. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 100 n. 1)
- ^ Gaius in Livy (6.18.1), Lucius in Diodorus (15.36.1). Drummond 1980, p. 71 (note 71).
- ^ These are the nine consular tribunes the Fasti Capitolini lists for this year. Livy names only six (omitting C. Sulpicius Peticus, L. Aemilius Mamercinus, and Ti. Papirius Crassus), and Diodorus Siculus eight (omitting L. Papirius Mugillanus). Broughton notes, "Clearly Fast. Cap. has the most seriously interpolated tradition." (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1 p. 106 n. 1)
- ^ a b These two consular tribunes are only known from Diodorus Siculus (XV.51.1). Broughton suggests "Erenucius" may be a corruption of "Genucius" or "Minucius". (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 106 n. 1)
- ^ a b These two consular tribunes are only known from Livy (6.31.1)
- ^ Modern scholarly consensus is that the fasti for the fourth century was discovered to be missing several sets of eponymous magistrates, and explained this gap by stating elections were blocked by these two tribunes. See the discussions of T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome (London: Routeledge, 1995), pp. 399-402; and Forsythe, Critical History of Early Rome, pp. 368-70
- ^ a b The Fasti Capitolini states C. Licinius Calvus was consul in 364 BC and C. Lincinius Stolo in 361 BC, but Livy reverses these two.
- ^ Drummond 1989, p. 639.
- ^ Livy (7.18.10) notes that in some sources M. Popillius Laenas III appears instead of Quinctius, though this is probably a confusion with the year 356 BC, when M. Fabius Ambustus was also consul. Drummond 1980, p. 70 (note 66).
- ^ Broughton 1951, p. 127; Drummond 1989, p. 639.
- ^ Diodorus (16.59) reports instead this year's consuls were M. Aemilius and T. Quinctius (Poenus Capitolinus III?). Drummond 1989, p. 639.
- ^ a b c d The "dictator years" (333, 324, 309 and 301 BC) were fabricated to lengthen the documented interval to earlier historical events, in order to account for deficiencies and gaps in Roman chronology. The dictator years did not exist in Roman history: the conventional year 334 BC was followed by the year 332, and so on. Cornell 1995, pp. 399–400.
- ^ The sources are conflicted:
- ^ Taylor 1951, p. 78 (note 7).
- ^ Livy (9.44) notes that the consuls of 307 and 306 BC were skipped in 's history.
- ^ Entered office on 15 March. R.M. Ogilvie, A Commentary on Livy Books 1–5, p. 405.
- ^ Entered office on 1 January. R.M. Ogilvie, A Commentary on Livy Books 1–5, p. 405.
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 99 to 1 BC are taken from Broughton 1952.
- ^ Either Thermus's election was invalidated or he is identical to Figulus, having changed his name by adoption. E.W. Gray, "The Consular Elections held in 65 B.C.", Antichthon 13 (1979), pp. 56–65, doi:10.1017/S0066477400002665.
- ^ Taylor & Broughton 1968, p. 172; Drummond 1978, p. 100.
- ^ Tansey 2018, pp. 209, 212, 237.
- ^ a b c Bodel 1995, p. 285.
- ^ Bodel 1995, p. 280.
- ^ Umberto Soldovieri: Un inedito cinerario plumbeo e Q. MARCIUS RUFUS, cos. suff. 36 a.C. In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (ZPE), 217 (2021), S. 235f.
- ^ a b Bodel 1995, p. 287.
- ^ Ernest Weinrib, The Spaniards in Rome (1990), pp. 180, 309–311
- ^ Consuls from 30 to 1 BC are taken from Cooley 2012, pp. 457–458.
- ^ Tansey 2018, pp. 238 (note 72), 243 (note 102).
- ^ Phillips 1997, p. 106.
- ^ Augustus was apparently intended to be the colleague of Saturninus, but never took office. Saturninus held office alone until Vespillo and Vinicius succeeded him after 1 August and by 12 October. Phillips 1997, p. 107.
- ^ Phillips 1997, p. 107.
- ^ Phillips 1997, pp. 107–108.
- ^ a b Phillips 1997, p. 108.
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from AD 1 through AD 12 are taken from Ronald Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), pp. 455–458
- ^ The consuls of this year are taken from Diana Gorostidi Pi, "Sui consoli dell'anno 13 d.C.: Nuovi dati dai fasti consulares Tusculani", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 189 (2014), pg 265–275
- ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 14–36 are taken from Alison E. Cooley, The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy (Cambridge: University Press, 2012), pp.458-460
- ^ Bodel 1995, p. 296.
- ^ First proposed by Hans-Georg Pflaum, and accepted by Ladislaus Vidman (Fasti Ostienses, 2nd edition, p. 68); Cooley offers as a possible alternative A. Didius Gallus although she also puts him in the last nundinium of 39. Gallivan 1979, p. 66.
- ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 37–40 are taken from Gallivan 1979, pp. 66–69.
- ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 41-54 are taken from Cooley 2012, pp. 460–462.
- ^ M. Christol and S. Demougin, "Notes de prosopographie équestre", in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 57 (1984), pp. 171-8.
- ^ Camodeca 2002, p. 235; Cooley 2012, p. 461.
- ^ Suffect consuls for July–December Gallivan placed in 44 Camodeca moved to 47 ("Novità sui fasti consolari delle tavolette cerate della Campania", Publications de l'École française de Rome, 143 (1991), p. 52)
- ^ Gallivan 1978, p. 408.
- ^ Giuseppe Camodeca, "I consoli del 43 e gli Antistii Veteres d'età claudia dalla riedizione delle Tabulae Herculanenses", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 140 (2002), pp. 234–236.
- ^ Camodeca 1991, p. 52.
- ^ Camodeca 1991, p. 53.
- ^ a b Gallivan 1978, p. 425.
- ^ Names and dates for 55–68 taken from Camodeca 2015, pp. 272–282.
- ^ Camodeca 2015, p. 275, notes that additional pairs of suffect consuls may have held office in the last months of 60 and 61.
- ^ Camodeca 2015, pp. 277–279, places C. Licinius Mucianus and Q. Fabius Barbarus Antonius Macer in the second half of either 63 or 64.
- ^ Names and dates for this year are taken from G. B. Townend, "The Consuls of A. D. 69/70", American Journal of Philology, 83 (1962), pp. 113–129
- ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 70–97 are taken from Eck 2009, pp. 251–257.
- ^ Gallivan 1981, pp. 206, 219, dated this pair to 71 or 72, but the available slot for 71 in Eck 2009, p. 251, is filled, so they are placed here. Eck has the year 72 but with a question mark.
- ^ Gallivan 1981, pp. 213–214.
- ^ Eck 2009, p. 252, restores this as [Fr]on[tino] or [Veient]on[e].
- ^ Cooley 2012, p. 464.
- ^ Gallivan 1981, pp. 189, 214.
- ^ See Syme, "P. Calvisius Ruso. One Person or Two?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 173-192
- ^ Gallivan 1981, pp. 189, 215; Eck 2009, p. 253.
- ^ Also referred to as T. Vinicius Julianus. Salomies 2005, p. 111.
- ^ Gallivan 1981, p. 190, suggests instead C. Arinius Modestus.
- ^ Cooley 2012, p. 465, has in this spot M. Annius Messalla and C. Fisius Sabinus, but Eck 2009, p. 254, places them in 84. Clemens and Honoratus are dated to 85 in Cooley, but Eck moved to that position L. Aelius Oculatus and Q. Gavius Atticus, whom Gallivan 1981, pp. 188, 196, 213, had originally assigned to 73.
- ^ Syme first proposed the identification of this consul with M. Raecius Gallus ("Pliny the Procurator", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 73 (1969), pp. 201–236 [p. 229]). However, he later concluded that Publius Glitius Gallus "is on every count a better candidate" than Raecius ("P. Calvisius Ruso. One Person or Two?", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 173-192 [p. 175]).
- ^ Eck & Pangerl 2013, p. 275.
- ^ Eck, Werner & Andreas Pangerl (2012). "Ein Diplom für die Truppen Judäas aus dem Jahr 87 und die Frage nach der Gleichförmigkeit römischer Militäradministration". . 31: 53–64.
- ^ So Zevi, "I consoli del 97 d. Cr. in due framenti gia' editi dei Fasti Ostienses", Listy filologické / Folia philologica, 96 (1973), pp. 125–137; Cooley offers no colleague for Tacitus. Peter Weiss has argued, based on more recently recovered evidence, that Scapula could have been suffect consul in September–October 99, or even later. (Weiss, "Weitere Diplomfragmente von Moesia Inferior", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 124 (1999), pp. 287-289
- ^ Vidman 1982, pp. 45, 93–94; Cooley 2012, pp. 466–467.
- ^ Cooley 2012, p. 467.
- ^ There may have been a pair of unattested consuls in April. Eck & Pangerl 2014, p. 243.
- ^ Placed in this year by Mommsen.
- ^ Vidman 1982, p. 45; Cooley 2012, p. 467.
- ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 101 through 115 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, pp. 467f
- ^ Added from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfastern der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), p. 327 n.181
- ^ Added from AE 2013, 650
- ^ As proposed by Syme, "People in Pliny", Journal of Roman Studies, 58 (1968), pp. 139f
- ^ Werner Eck and Ittai Gradel, "Eine Konstitution für das Heer von Mauretania Tingitana vom 20. September 104 n.Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 219 (2021), pp. 248–255.
- ^ It is uncertain which ordinary consul Acilius Rufus replaced.
- ^ Fasti ostiensis reads ...] Rufu[s]; Attilo Degrassi and Vidman restore this name as "L. Acilius Rufus", while Ronald Syme restores it as "M. Acilius Rufus" (Syme, "Superior Suffect Consuls", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 58 (1985), pp. 239-242)
- ^ This pair of consuls added from AE 2004, 1898
- ^ Added from Evgeni I. Paunov and Margaret M. Roxan, "The Earliest Extant Diploma of Thrace, AD 114 (=RMD I 14)"[permanent dead link], Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 119 (1997), pp. 269–279.
- ^ The praenomen Marcus is attested by an inscription dated 1 September. (AE 1998, 1727)
- ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 116 and 117 are taken from Werner Eck, "Konsuln des Jahres 117 in Militärdiplomen Traians mit Tribunicia Potestas XX", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 185 (2013), pp. 235–238
- ^ All that survives of the name on the Fasti ostienses. Suggested restorations include Q. Cornelius Senecio Annainus (favored by Cooley) and Q. Coelius Honoratus. (Vidman Fasti Ostienses, 2nd edition, p. 114)
- ^ a b The names and dates for this year are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, p. 469
- ^ The names and dates for this year are taken from Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl, "Neue Diplome mit den Namen von Konsuln und Statthaltern," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 187 (2013), p. 282
- ^ The names and dates for 120 and 121 are taken from Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl, "Ein Consul Suffectus Q. Aburnius in drei fragmentarischen Diplomen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 185 (2013), pp. 239–247
- ^ W. Eck, A. Pangerl,"Neue Diplome aus der Zeit Hadrians für die beiden mösischen Provinzen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 207 (2018), pp. 219-224
- ^ The names and dates for this year are taken from Eck and Pangerl, "Neue Diplome," pp. 287f
- ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 124 through 130 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, pp. 469f
- ^ Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl had previously reconstructed the gentilicium of this otherwise unknown person as "Accena", but a more recently discovered military diploma proved this is his correct name. Eck and Pangerl, "Eine Konstitution für das Herr von Moesia Inferior vom 1. Juni 125 in fünf Diplomen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 188 (2014), pp. 245–249
- ^ All that survives from the Fasti ostienses is the praenomen; Vidman suggests this restoration (Vidman, Fasti Ostienses, p. 118)
- ^ All that survives from the Fasti ostienses is the praenomen; Cooley suggests this restoration.
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, the names and dates for the consuls from 131 to 135 are taken from Werner Eck, Paul Holder and Andreas Pangerl, "A Diploma for the Army of Britain in 132 and Hadrian's Return to Rome from the East", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 174 (2010), p. 194. The structure of the nundinia presented for those years is also used here.
- ^ Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 136 and 137 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, p. 471
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 138 to 161 are taken from Eck 2013, pp. 69–90.
- ^ So Eck ("Die Fasti consulares", p.75) and James H. Oliver ("The Solonian Constitution and a Consul of A.D. 149", Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 13 (1972), pp. 103-107) separately. Alföldy identifies this consul with Servius Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, proconsul of Africa 163/164 (Konsulat und Senatorenstand, p. 153)
- ^ Attested in a military diploma dated 19 November 150. Another source, dated 2 October, appears to indicate P. Julius Nauto instead, but Tomlin and Pearce note that his name is poorly inscribed and argue it was probably an incorrect transcription of Julianus's name. If Nauto and Julianus are different individuals, the former will have died by 19 November. Roger S. O. Tomlin, John Pearce, "A Roman Military Diploma for the German Fleet (19 November 150) Found in Northern Britain", ZPE 206 (2018), pp. 207–216.
- ^ Possibly Q. Vilius Proculus or Q. Virius Larcius Sulpicius.
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 162 to 180 are taken from Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 176-191
- ^ W. Eck, A. Pangerl, "Eine neue Bürgerrechtskonstitution für die Truppen von Pannonia inferior aus dem Jahr 162 mit einem neuen Konsulnpaar", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 173 (2010), pp. 223-236
- ^ P. A. Holder, Roman Military Diplomas V, (2006), p. 861
- ^ C. Römer, "Diplom für einen Fußsoldaten aus Koptos vom 23. März 179", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 82 (1990), pp. 137–153
- ^ Ioan Piso and Doina Benea, "Das Militärdiplom von Drobeta", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 263ff
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 181 to 235 are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander, (Amsterdam: Verlag Gieben, 1989), pp. 129-137
- ^ David Stone Potter, The Roman Empire at bay, AD 180–395 (2006), pg. 72
- ^ CIL VI, 2100 reads ..]vo or (nominative) ...]vus for Rufus' colleague. This is the most frequent restoration.
- ^ Leunissen disagrees with Dessau, Groag, and Barbieri that the gentilicium of this suffect consul could be Atulenus. (Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 132 n. 20)
- ^ The suffects for this year are taken from Peter Weiß, "Konstitutionen eines toten Kaisers: Militärdiplome von Commodus aus dem Jahr 193 n. Chr.", PHAROS Studien zur griechisch-römischen Antike. Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rahden 2015. Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rahden 2015, pp. 273–280.
- ^ Fabius Cilo was possibly a colleague of Silius Messalla. Peter Weiß, p. 277.
- ^ The sources disagree on his praenomen: CIL XIII, 1754 attests "L.", while CIL VIII, 8937 attests "C."
- ^ Suffectus in absentia. It is uncertain which consul he replaced. (Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 134 and note)
- ^ This pair of suffect consuls taken from Werner Eck, "Prosopographische Bemerkungen zum Militärdiplom vom 20.12.202 n. Chr. Der Flottenpräfekt Aemilius Sullectinus und das Gentilnomen des Usurpators Regalianus", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 139 (2002), pp. 208–210.
- ^ Added from Leunissen, p. 238
- ^ This pair is attested in M. M. Roxan, Roman Military Diplomas, 3: 1985–93 (1994), no. 188
- ^ His praenomen was confirmed by Askold Ivantchik, Oleg Pogorelets and Rostislav Savvov, "A New Roman Military Diploma from the Territory of the Ukraine", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 163 (2007), pp. 255-262
- ^ Andreas Krieckhaus, "Vater und Sohn. Bemerkungen zu den severischen consules ordinarii M. Munatius Sulla Cerialis und M. Munatius Sulla Urbanus", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 153 (2005), pp. 283-284
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 236 to 285 are taken from Alan E. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (München: Beck'sch, 1972), pp. 272f
- ^ Cognomen restored from RMD-03, 199
- ^ Olivier Hekster, Nicholas Zair, Rome and Its Empire, AD 193–284 (2008), pg. 117
- ^ Caillan Davenport, "M. Claudius Tacitus: Senator or Soldier?", Latomus, vol. 73, no. 1 (2014), pp. 174–187
- ^ Benet Salway, "Redefining the Roman imperial élite in the fourth century AD", in D. Okoń (ed.), Elites in the Ancient World (Szczecińskie Studia nad Starożytnością, vol. II, Szczecin: Minerwa, 2015), pp. 189–220
- ^ Bowman, Alan K. The Cambridge Ancient History: The Crisis of Empire, AD. 193–337, pg. 120
- ^ Jones & Martindale& Morris, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire volume I, pp. 676, 681
- ^ Diocletian assumed the ordinary consulship in the east in opposition to Carinus in Rome – see Bagnall, Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), pg. 105
- ^ From the Fasti Caleni, as published in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 110
- ^ From the Fasti Caleni, as published in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), pp. 112–113
- ^ Waldron 2020, "Decies et Maximiano VII: A Proposed Revision to Consular Dating during the Rise of Constantine", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 214, pp. 320–325
- ^ Constantine did not recognize his own appointment as consul by Galerius, which is reflected in his later iteration numbers. Bagnall et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire, p. 152
- ^ Probably Aradius Rufinus, whom Maxentius appointed praefectus urbi in 312, but perhaps Statius Rufinus, praefectus urbi 308–309. Barnes, New Empire, p. 100.
- ^ Potentially related to Vettius Rufinus, consul of 316 AD, see discussion in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 180
- ^ Proculus seems to have fallen into disgrace and Iulianus appointed for him, see T. D. Barnes, in ZPE 21 (1976), p. 280 and T. D. Barnes, The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine, p. 102. Proculus could be identical with the proc. Africae in 319/320 AD, see Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 184.
- ^ Following p.Stras 137.20 and p.Stras 138.17 the first name could be Ionius instead of Iulius, see discussion in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 629f.
- ^ Probably not the consul of 469. Bagnall et al. p. 479.
- ^ "the first consul designated by a barbarian king" according to Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. (1987). Consuls of the later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association. p. 495. ISBN 1-55540-099-X.
- ^ '[P]resumably a westerner' – Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. (1987). Consuls of the later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association. p. 524. ISBN 1-55540-099-X.
- ^ Patrizia Sabbatini Tumolesi, Silvia Orlandi, Marco Buonocore & Maurizio Fora, Epigrafia anfiteatrale dell'Occidente Romano, volume 6 (Quasar, 1988), pp. 292, 397
- ^ Latin-Greek inscription (AE 2004, 01410)
- ^ Vasiliev (1952), p. I 192.
- ^ Timothy Gregory, A History of Byzantium, (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005), p. 227
- ^ Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8. pp. 963–964.
- ^ Unless otherwise noted, consuls from until 613 are taken from Attilio Degrassi, I fasti consolari dell'Impero Romano dal 30 avanti Cristo al 613 dopo Cristo (Rome, 1952), pp. 99-106
- ^ Chapman, John. Buehler, Joe (ed.). "Catholic Encyclopedia: Maxiums of Constantinople, Saint". Eternal Word Television Network.
- ^ Bede (1999). Halsall, Paul (ed.). "Bede (673–734): Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, Book V: Chapter VII". Medieval Sourcebook. Archived from the original on 2014-08-14. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
- ^ Justinian II adopted the title of consul for all the Julian years of his reign, consecutively numbered.
- ^ Thompson, Margaret (1940). "The American Excavations in the Athenian Agora: Eighteenth Report (Jul. – Sep., 1940): Some Unpublished Bronze Money of the Early Eighth Century". Hesperia. 9 (3): 358–380. doi:10.2307/146483. JSTOR 146483.
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