List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 30

Supreme Court of the United States
Established	March 4, 1789; 232 years ago (1789-03-04)[1]
Location	Washington, D.C.
Coordinates	38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W / 38.89056; -77.00444Coordinates: 38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W / 38.89056°N 77.00444°W / 38.89056; -77.00444
Composition method	Presidential nomination with Senate confirmation
Authorized by	Constitution of the United States, Art. III, § 1
Judge term length	life tenure, subject to impeachment and removal
Number of positions	9 (by statute)
Website	supremecourt.gov
Chief Justice of the United States
Currently	John Roberts
Since	September 29, 2005; 16 years ago (2005-09-29)

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This is a list of the 42 cases reported in volume 30 (5 Pet.) of United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States from January 1831 to March 1831.^[2]

Nominative reports[]

In 1874, the U.S. government created the United States Reports, and retroactively numbered older privately-published case reports as part of the new series. As a result, cases appearing in volumes 1–90 of U.S. Reports have dual citation forms; one for the volume number of U.S. Reports, and one for the volume number of the reports named for the relevant reporter of decisions (these are called "nominative reports").

Richard Peters, Jr.[]

Starting with the 26th volume of U.S. Reports, the Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States was Richard Peters, Jr. Peters was Reporter of Decisions from 1828 to 1843, covering volumes 26 through 41 of United States Reports which correspond to volumes 1 through 16 of his Peter's Reports. As such, the dual form of citation to, for example, Hunter v. United States is 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) 173 (1831).

Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of 30 U.S. (5 Pet.)[]

The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).^[3] Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to seven, nine, ten, and back to nine justices (always including one chief justice). When the cases in 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) were decided, the Court comprised these seven justices:

Portrait	Justice	Office	Home State	Succeeded	Date confirmed by the Senate (Vote)	Tenure on Supreme Court
	John Marshall	Chief Justice	Virginia	Oliver Ellsworth	January 27, 1801 (Acclamation)	February 4, 1801 – July 6, 1835 (Died)
	William Johnson	Associate Justice	South Carolina	Alfred Moore	March 24, 1804 (Acclamation)	May 7, 1804 – August 4, 1834 (Died)
	Gabriel Duvall	Associate Justice	Maryland	Samuel Chase	November 18, 1811 (Acclamation)	November 23, 1811 – January 12, 1835 (Resigned)
	Joseph Story	Associate Justice	Massachusetts	William Cushing	November 18, 1811 (Acclamation)	February 3, 1812 – September 10, 1845 (Died)
	Smith Thompson	Associate Justice	New York	Henry Brockholst Livingston	December 9, 1823 (Acclamation)	September 1, 1823 – December 18, 1843 (Died)
	John McLean	Associate Justice	Ohio	Robert Trimble	March 7, 1829 (Acclamation)	January 11, 1830 – April 4, 1861 (Died)
	Henry Baldwin	Associate Justice	Pennsylvania	Bushrod Washington	January 6, 1830 (41–2)	January 18, 1830 – April 21, 1844 (Died)

Notable Case in 30 U.S. (5 Pet.)[]

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia[]

Map of northeastern Georgia, showing Cherokee lands in 1830

In Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) 1 (1831), the Cherokee Nation sought a federal injunction against laws passed by the U.S. state of Georgia depriving the tribe of rights within its geographical boundaries, but the Supreme Court did not hear the case on its merits. It ruled that it had no original jurisdiction in the matter, since the Cherokees were a dependent nation, with a relationship to the United States like that of a "ward to its guardian". One year later, however, in Worcester v. Georgia, 31 U.S. 515 (1832), the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation was sovereign. According to the decision, this meant that Georgia had no right to enforce state laws in the Cherokee territory. President Andrew Jackson refused to enforce the ruling, however, instead directing the expulsion of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia. U.S. Army forces were used in some cases to round them up. Their expulsion and subsequent route is called "The Trail of Tears". Of the 15,000 who left Georgia, 4,000 died on the journey to Indian Territory in the present-day U.S. state of Oklahoma.

Citation style[]

Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 the federal court structure at the time comprised District Courts, which had general trial jurisdiction; Circuit Courts, which had mixed trial and appellate (from the US District Courts) jurisdiction; and the United States Supreme Court, which had appellate jurisdiction over the federal District and Circuit courts—and for certain issues over state courts. The Supreme Court also had limited original jurisdiction (i.e., in which cases could be filed directly with the Supreme Court without first having been heard by a lower federal or state court). There were one or more federal District Courts and/or Circuit Courts in each state, territory, or other geographical region.

Bluebook citation style is used for case names, citations, and jurisdictions.

• "C.C.D." = United States Circuit Court for the District of . . .
  • e.g.,"C.C.D.N.J." = United States Circuit Court for the District of New Jersey
• "D." = United States District Court for the District of . . .
  • e.g.,"D. Mass." = United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
• "E." = Eastern; "M." = Middle; "N." = Northern; "S." = Southern; "W." = Western
  • e.g.,"C.C.S.D.N.Y." = United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York
  • e.g.,"M.D. Ala." = United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama
• "Adm." = Admiralty Court (a federal court)
• "Ct. Cl." = United States Court of Claims
• "Ct. Com. Pl." = Court of Common Pleas (a state court)
• The abbreviation of a state's name alone indicates the highest appellate court in that state's judiciary at the time.
  • e.g.,"Pa." = Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
  • e.g.,"Me." = Supreme Judicial Court of Maine

List of cases in 30 U.S. (5 Pet.)[]

Notes and references[]

See also[]

• certificate of division

External links[]

• [1] Case reports in volume 30 (5 Pet.) from Court Listener
• [2] Case reports in volume 30 (5 Pet.) from the Caselaw Access Project of Harvard Law School
• [3] Case reports in volume 30 (5 Pet.) from Google Scholar
• [4] Case reports in volume 30 (5 Pet.) of Justia
• [5] Case reports in volume 30 (5 Pet.) from Open Jurist
• Website of the United States Supreme Court
• United States Courts website about the Supreme Court
• National Archives, Records of the Supreme Court of the United States
• American Bar Association, How Does the Supreme Court Work?
• The Supreme Court Historical Society

Wikisource has original text related to this article: United States Reports/Volume 30