List of United States local officials convicted of federal corruption offenses
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This is a list of notable United States local officials convicted of federal public corruption offenses for conduct while in office. The list is organized by office. Non-notable officials, such as sewer inspectors and zoning commissioners, are not included on this list, although they are routinely prosecuted for the same offenses. Acquitted officials are not listed (if an official was acquitted on some counts, and convicted on others, the counts of conviction are listed). Officials convicted of state crimes are not listed.
For a more complete list see: List of American state and local politicians convicted of crimes.
The criminal statute(s) under which the conviction(s) were obtained are noted, as are the names of notable investigations or scandals, if applicable. If a defendant is convicted of a conspiracy to commit a corruption offense, the substantive offense is listed. Convictions of non-corruption offenses, such as making false statements, perjury, obstruction of justice, electoral fraud, and campaign finance regulations, even if related, are not noted. Nor are derivative convictions, such as tax evasion or money laundering. Officials convicted only of non-corruption offenses are not included on this list, even if indicted on corruption offenses as well. Certain details, including post-conviction relief, if applicable, are included in footnotes.
The Hobbs Act (enacted 1934),[1] the mail and wire fraud statutes (enacted 1872), including the honest services fraud provision,[2] the Travel Act (enacted 1961),[3] the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) (enacted 1970),[4] and the federal program bribery statute, 18 U.S.C. § 666 (enacted 1984),[5] permit the prosecution of such officials. These statutes are also applicable to corrupt federal officials.[6] In addition, federal officials are subject to the federal bribery, graft, and conflict-of-interest crimes contained in Title 18, Chapter 11 of the United States Code, 18 U.S.C. §§ 201–227, which do not apply to state and local officials.[6]
Mayors[]
Mayor Addonizio
Mayor Cianci
Mayor Langford
Mayor Martinez
Mayor Tucker
Mayor | Office | Crime(s) | Investigation | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hugh Joseph Addonizio | Mayor of Newark, New Jersey | Hobbs Act | [7] | |
Mayor of White Castle, Louisiana | Mail fraud, RICO, and Travel Act | [8] | ||
Peter Cammarano | Mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey | Hobbs Act | Operation Bid Rig | [9] |
Buddy Cianci | Mayor of Providence, Rhode Island | RICO | Operation Plunder Dome | [10] |
Mayor of Guttenberg, New Jersey | Hobbs Act | [11] | ||
Mayor of Garland, Arkansas | Mail fraud | [12] | ||
Alex Daoud | Mayor of Miami Beach, Florida | [13] | ||
Mayor of Gloucester Township, New Jersey | [14] | |||
Dennis Elwell | Mayor of Secaucus, New Jersey | Program bribery | Operation Bid Rig | [15] |
Angelo Errichetti | Mayor of Camden, New Jersey | Federal official bribery, conspiracy to defraud the United States, and Travel Act | Abscam | [16] |
Joseph Ganim | Mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, program bribery, and RICO | [17] | |
Mayor of Calumet City, Illinois | Mail fraud, program bribery, and RICO | [18] | ||
Oscar Hernandez | Mayor of Bell, California | [19] | ||
Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey | Hobbs Act | [20] | ||
Sharpe James | Mayor of Newark, New Jersey | Mail fraud and program bribery | [21] | |
Mayor of Reading, Pennsylvania | Hobbs Act and Travel Act | [22] | ||
Larry Langford | Mayor of Birmingham, Alabama | Mail and wire fraud and program bribery | [23] | |
Mayor of Norristown, Pennsylvania | Mail fraud and program bribery | [24] | ||
Mayor of Sunrise, Florida | Hobbs Act and mail fraud | [25] | ||
Mayor of Smithers, West Virginia | Mail fraud | [26] | ||
Betty Loren-Maltese | Town President of Cicero, Illinois | Mail fraud and RICO | [27] | |
Edward Wayne Martin | Mayor of Warner Robins, Georgia | Hobbs Act | [28] | |
Raul L. Martinez | Mayor of Hialeah, Florida | Hobbs Act and RICO | [29] | |
Michael J. Matthews | Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey | Hobbs Act | [30] | |
Gerald McCann | Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey | [31] | ||
Mayor of Lansing, Illinois | Hobbs Act and RICO | [32] | ||
Mayor of Gloucester Township, New Jersey | Hobbs Act | [14] | ||
Milton Milan | Mayor of Camden, New Jersey | RICO | [33] | |
Emmanuel Onunwor | Mayor of East Cleveland, Ohio | RICO | [34] | |
Charles Panici | Mayor of Chicago Heights, Illinois | Hobbs Act, RICO, and program bribery | [35] | |
Mayor of Upland, California | [36] | |||
Mayor of Saraland, Alabama | Hobbs Act | [37] | ||
Eddie Price III | Mayor of Mandeville, Louisiana | Mail fraud | [38] | |
Samuel Rivera | Mayor of Passaic, New Jersey | Hobbs Act | [39] | |
Anthony Russo | Mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey | Mail fraud | [40] | |
Mayor of Orange Beach, Alabama | Mail fraud | [41] | ||
Mayor of Waterbury, Connecticut | Program bribery | [42] | ||
Mayor of Pawtucket, Rhode Island | Hobbs Act and RICO | [43] | ||
Mayor of Cudahy, California | [44] | |||
William T. Somers | Mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey | Hobbs Act | [45] | |
Mayor of Streator, Illinois | Hobbs Act | [46] | ||
Walter R. Tucker III | Mayor of Compton, California | Hobbs Act | [47] | |
Thomas J. Whelan | Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey | Hobbs Act | [48] |
City council members[]
City council member | Office | Crime(s) | Investigation | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Robert Burke | Alderman of Holly Springs, Mississippi | Hobbs Act and Travel Act | [49] | |
Alderman of East St. Louis, Missouri | Hobbs Act | [50] | ||
Newark Councilman | Hobbs Act | [51] | ||
Isaac Carothers | Chicago Alderman | [52] | ||
Chicago Alderman | Hobbs Act | [53] | ||
Monica Conyers | Detroit City Council | Program bribery | [54] | |
City Councillor of Quincy, Massachusetts | Hobbs Act | [55] | ||
Wallace Davis | Chicago Alderman | Hobbs Act and RICO | Operation Incubator | [56] |
City Council of Carson, California | Hobbs Act and mail fraud | [57] | ||
Chicago Alderman | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and RICO | Operation Silver Shovel | [58] | |
Chicago Alderman | Hobbs Act | [59] | ||
Thomas Flaherty | Jersey City Council | Hobbs Act | [48] | |
Jack Foster | Alderman of Pine Bluff, Arkansas | Hobbs Act | [60] | |
Chicago Alderman | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and RICO | Operation Silver Shovel | [61] | |
Monroe City Council | Hobbs Act and RICO | [62] | ||
City Council Commissioner of Chicago Heights, Illinois | Hobbs Act and RICO | [35] | ||
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Board of Aldermen | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, RICO, and Travel Act | [63] | ||
Councilman of Asbury Park, New Jersey | Hobbs Act and program bribery | Operation Bid Rig | [64] | |
Richmond City Council | Hobbs Act and mail fraud | [65] | ||
Chicago Alderman | Program bribery | [53] | ||
Chicago Alderman | [53] | |||
Chicago Alderman | [53] | |||
Chicago Alderman | [53] | |||
Ralph Inzunza | San Diego City Council | Hobbs Act and mail fraud | [66] | |
Harry Jannotti | Philadelphia City Council | Hobbs Act | Abscam | [67] |
Ed Jew | San Francisco Board of Supervisors | Mail fraud, Hobbs Act, and program bribery | [68] | |
Louis Johanson | Philadelphia City Council | Federal official bribery, conspiracy to defraud the United States, and Travel Act | Abscam | [16] |
Jack B. Johnson | Prince George's County Council | Extortion and witness- and evidence-tampering | [69] | |
Leslie Johnson | Prince George's County Council | Conspiracy to commit witness- and evidence-tampering | [70] | |
Chicago Alderman | Hobbs Act | Operation Silver Shovel | [71] | |
Thomas E. Keane | Chicago Alderman | Mail fraud | [72] | |
Chicago Alderman | [53] | |||
Chicago Alderman | [53] | |||
Chicago Alderman | Hobbs Act | [73] | ||
City Council of Saraland, Alabama | Hobbs Act | [37] | ||
Chicago Alderman | [53] | |||
City Council Commissioner of Chicago Heights, Illinois | Hobbs Act, RICO, and program bribery | [35] | ||
Joseph Martinez | Chicago Alderman | [53] | ||
Miguel Martinez | New York City Council | Mail fraud | [74] | |
Reno City Councilman | Hobbs Act | [75] | ||
Michael McKenna | Alderman of Somerville, Massachusetts | Hobbs Act | [76] | |
Chicago Alderman | Hobbs Act | Operation Silver Shovel | [77] | |
Honolulu City Council | Program bribery | [78] | ||
Donald Mitchell | Gloucester Township Committeeman | [51] | ||
Township Committeeman of Middletown, New Jersey | Hobbs Act and program bribery | Operation Bid Rig | [79] | |
Trustee of Keener Township in Jasper County, Indiana | Mail fraud | [80] | ||
Memphis City Council | Hobbs Act | [81] | ||
Chicago Alderman | [53] | |||
Angel Rodriguez | New York City Council | Hobbs Act | [82] | |
Fred Roti | Chicago Alderman | Hobbs Act and RICO | [53] | |
George X. Schwartz | Philadelphia City Council | Hobbs Act and RICO | Abscam | [67] |
Larry Seabrook | New York City Councilman | Mail and wire fraud | [83] | |
Edward Scholl | Chicago Alderman | [53] | ||
City Council of Saraland, Alabama | Hobbs Act | [37] | ||
City Councilman of Fresno, California | Hobbs Act | [84] | ||
Allan Streeter | Chicago Alderman | Hobbs Act | Operation Silver Shovel | [85] |
Monroe City Council | Hobbs Act and RICO | [62] | ||
Chicago Alderman | Hobbs Act and mail fraud | [86] | ||
City Council of the City of Prichard, Alabama | Hobbs Act | [87] | ||
Oliver Thomas | New Orleans City Council | Program bribery | [88] | |
City Council of Saraland, Alabama | Hobbs Act | [37] | ||
Arenda Troutman | Chicago Alderman | Mail fraud | [53] | |
Chuck Turner | Boston City Council | Hobbs Act | [89] | |
Edward Vrdolyak | Chicago Alderman | Mail and wire fraud | [90] | |
City Council of Jackson, Mississippi | Hobbs Act and program bribery | [91] | ||
Pittsburgh City Council | Hobbs Act, RICO, and conspiracy to defraud the United States | [92] | ||
Michael Zucchet | San Diego City Council | Hobbs Act and mail fraud | [66] | |
Chicago Alderman | [53] |
County executives and commissioners[]
County commissioner | Office | Crime(s) | Investigation | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Knox County, Tennessee Commissioner of Welfare | Hobbs Act | [93] | ||
County Commissioner of Major County, Oklahoma | Hobbs Act and mail fraud | [94] | ||
County Commissioner of Bowie County, Texas | Hobbs Act and mail fraud | [95] | ||
Albany County Executive | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and program bribery | [96] | ||
Jimmy Dimora | Commissioner of Cuyahoga County, Ohio | RICO | [97] | |
Fulton County Board of Commissioners | Hobbs Act | [98] | ||
County Commissioner of Fannin County, Texas | Hobbs Act and mail fraud | [99] | ||
Board of Commissioners of DeKalb County, Georgia | Hobbs Act | [100] | ||
Board of Commissioners of Lake County, Indiana | Hobbs Act and RICO | [101] | ||
Board of Commissioners of Mobile, Alabama | Hobbs Act and mail and wire fraud | [102] | ||
Shelby County Tennessee Board of Commissioners | Hobbs Act | [103] | ||
Dario Herrera | Commissioner of Clark County, Nevada | Hobbs Act and wire fraud | Operation G-Sting | [104] |
County Commissioner of Shelby County, Tennessee | Program bribery | Operation Tennessee Waltz | [105] | |
Robert C. Janiszewski | County Executive of Hudson County, New Jersey | Hobbs Act | [106] | |
Jack B. Johnson | County Executive of Prince George's County, Maryland | [107] | ||
Erin Kenny | Commissioner of Clark County, Nevada | Wire fraud | Operation G-Sting | [108] |
Mary Kincaid-Chauncey | Commissioner of Clark County, Nevada | Hobbs Act and wire fraud | Operation G-Sting | [109] |
Hillsborough County Commission in Tampa, Florida | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and RICO | [110] | ||
Board of County Commissioners of Sarpy County, Nebraska | Hobbs Act | [111] | ||
Commissioner of Clark County, Nevada | RICO | Operation G-Sting | [112] | |
President of St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana | Hobbs Act. mail fraud, and Travel Act | [113] | ||
Robert Rizzo | City Administrator for Bell, California | [114] | ||
Supervisor for District Five, Harrison County, Mississippi | Hobbs Act | [115] | ||
Chairman of the Charleston (South Carolina) County Council | Hobbs Act | [116] | ||
Greg Skrepenak | Luzerne County Board of Commissioners | Program bribery | [117] | |
Board of County Commissioners of Walton County, Georgia | Hobbs Act and conspiracy to defraud the United States | [118] | ||
Board of Commissioners for Lake County, Indiana | Hobbs Act and RICO | [119] | ||
Hillsborough County Commission in Tampa, Florida | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and RICO | [110] | ||
James W. Treffinger | County Executive of Essex County, New Jersey | Mail fraud | [120] | |
Commissioner of Cook County | Hobbs Act | [59] | ||
County Supervisor of Perry County, Mississippi | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and program bribery | [121] | ||
Hillsborough County Commission in Tampa, Florida | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and RICO | [110] |
Judges[]
State judge | Office | Crime(s) | Investigation | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
California Superior Court | Mail fraud and RICO | [122] | ||
County judge in Arkansas | Mail fraud, RICO, and Travel Act | [123] | ||
Louisiana district judge | [124] | |||
William C. Brennan | New York Supreme Court, Queens County, Criminal Term | Hobbs Act, wire fraud, RICO, and Travel Act | [125] | |
Philadelphia Common Pleas Court Judge | Hobbs Act | [126] | ||
County judge of Craighead County, Arkansas | RICO and Travel Act | [127] | ||
Frank Dean | County judge of Poinsett County, Arkansas | RICO | [128] | |
Cook County Circuit Judge | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and RICO | Operation Greylord | [129] | |
Philadelphia Municipal Court | Hobbs Act | [130] | ||
Cook County Circuit Judge | [131] | |||
Cook County Circuit Judge | RICO | Operation Greylord | [132] | |
County Judge of St. Francis County, Arkansas | RICO | [133] | ||
Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas Judge | [134] | |||
Cook County Circuit Judge | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and RICO | Operation Greylord | [135] | |
Chief Judge of the Cook County traffic court | Mail fraud and RICO | Operation Greylord | [136] | |
Thomas J. Maloney | Cook County Circuit Judge | Hobbs Act and RICO | Operation Greylord | [137] |
California Superior Court | Mail fraud and RICO | [138] | ||
Cook County traffic court judge | Operation Greylord | [139] | ||
County judge in Arkansas | Mail fraud, RICO, and Travel Act | [123] | ||
East Cleveland Municipal Court | Hobbs Act | [140] | ||
Cook County Circuit Judge | Hobbs Act, mail fraud, and RICO | Operation Greylord | [141] | |
Cook County Circuit Judge | Operation Greylord | [142] | ||
Cook County Circuit Judge | Mail fraud and RICO | Operation Greylord | [143] | |
Missouri | Hobbs Act | [144] | ||
Judge of the City Court of Rochester | Hobbs Act | [145] | ||
Dade County Court | Hobbs Act and RICO | [146] | ||
Chief Judge of the Chancery Division of the Circuit Court of Cook County | Hobbs Act and Travel Act | Operation Gambat | [147] | |
Cook County Circuit Judge | RICO | Operation Greylord | [142] | |
Thomas J. Spargo | New York State Supreme Court Justice | [148] | ||
Cook County Circuit Judge | Hobbs Act and RICO | Operation Greylord | [149] | |
Mississippi State Chancery Court Judge | Mail and wire fraud, program bribery, and RICO | [150] | ||
Mississippi State Circuit Court Judge | Mail and wire fraud, program bribery, and RICO | [150] |
Other officials[]
Mayor | Office | Crime(s) | Investigation | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gordon Fox | Vice-Chairman of the Providence, Rhode Island Board of Licenses | Wire fraud, bribery, and filing a false tax return | [151] | |
Gerald O'Leary | Boston School Committee member | Hobbs Act | [152] |
See also[]
List of federal political scandals in the United States
References[]
- ^ 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a), (b)(2).
- ^ 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341, 1343, 1346.
- ^ 18 U.S.C. § 1952.
- ^ 18 U.S.C. § 1961(1).
- ^ 18 U.S.C. § 666.
- ^ a b Peter W. Schroth, Corruption and Accountability of the Civil Service in the United States, 42 Am. J. Comp. L. 554 (2006).
- ^ United States v. Addonizio, 451 F.2d 49 (3d Cir. 1971).
- ^ FBI, Former White Castle Mayor Sentenced to 10 Years in Operation Blighted Officials, Oct. 12, 2011.
- ^ Cammarano pleaded guilty. Richard Perez-Pena, Former Mayor of Hoboken Pleads Guilty to Corruption, N.Y. Times, Apr. 20, 2010.
- ^ United States v. Cianci, 378 F.3d 71 (1st Cir. 2004).
- ^ United States v. Donna, 366 F. App'x 441 (3d Cir. 2010).
- ^ United States v. Dockery, 445 F. App'x 898 (8th Cir. 2011) (per curiam).
- ^ Ex-Mayor Gets 41 Months, Sun-Sentinel, Apr. 21, 1993.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference ny35 was invoked but never defined
- ^ United States v. Elwell, Criminal Action No. 09–864 (JLL), 2011 WL 5007883 (D.N.J. Oct. 20, 2011).
- ^ a b United States v. Myers, 692 F.2d 823 (2d Cir. 1982).
- ^ United States v. Ganim, 510 F.3d 134 (2d Cir. 2007) (Sotomayor, J.).
- ^ United States v. Genova, 333 F.3d 750 (7th Cir. 2003).
- ^ "Former Bell mayor sentenced to year in jail in corruption case". Los Angeles Times. August 2014.
- ^ Jackson pleaded guilty. United States v. Somers, 496 F.2d 723 (3d Cir. 1974).
- ^ The Third Circuit vacated James' mail fraud conviction in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in Skilling v. United States, 130 S. Ct. 2896 (2010). United States v. Riley, 621 F.3d 312 (3d Cir. 2010).
- ^ United States v. Kubacki, 237 F. Supp. 638 (E.D. Pa. 1965).
- ^ United States v. Langford, 647 F.3d 1309 (11th Cir. 2011).
- ^ United States v. LeBlanc, 248 F. App'x 390 (3d Cir. 2007).
- ^ Lomelo v. United States, 891 F.2d 1512 (11th Cir. 1990).
- ^ United States v. Long, 95 F. App'x 483 (4th Cir. 2004). The Supreme Court vacated Long's conviction in light of its subsequent decision in United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005). Long v. United States, 543 U.S. 1098 (2005).
- ^ United States v. Spano, 476 F.3d 476 (7th Cir. 2007); United States v. Spano, 421 F.3d 599 (7th Cir. 2005).
- ^ United States v. Frost, 61 F.3d 1518 (11th Cir. 1995) (per curiam), opinion amended on rehearing, 77 F.3d 1319 (11th Cir. 1996). The Supreme Court vacated the convictions of Martin's co-defendants in light of its subsequent decision in , 520 U.S. 461 (1997). Frost v. United States, 520 U.S. 1226 (1997).
- ^ The Eleventh Circuit reversed Martinez's conviction for procedural reasons. United States v. Martinez, 14 F.3d 543 (11th Cir. 1994). After two retrials resulting in hung juries, and acquittal on one count, the government declined to prosecute Martinez a fourth time. Hialeh Mayor Won't Face Fourth Trial After Deadlock, Lakeland Ledger, May 14, 1996.
- ^ Matthews pleaded guilty. United States v. Matthews, 773 F.2d 48 (3d Cir. 1985).
- ^ Evan Serpick, That Felon Inspecting Trash? He Used to Be Mayor, N.Y. Times, Oct. 7, 2011.
- ^ United States v. McNary, 620 F.2d 621 (7th Cir. 1980).
- ^ Iver Peterson, Former Mayor of Camden Is Sentenced for Corruption, N.Y. Times, June 16, 2001.
- ^ United States v. Onunwor, No. 1:04-CR-211, 2007 WL 3343081 (N.D. Ohio Nov. 7, 2007).
- ^ a b c United States v. Marshall, 75 F.3d 1097 (7th Cir. 1996).
- ^ Sandra Emerson, Ex-Upland Mayor Pomierski Sentenced to Two Years in Prison for Bribery, San Bernardino Sun, Aug. 6, 2012.
- ^ a b c d United States v. Prescott, 672 F.2d 882 (11th Cir. 1982).
- ^ Cindy Chang, Eddie Price Pleads Guilty to Taking Trips From Contractors, Using Campaign Funds to Pay Gambling Debts, The Times-Picayune, Oct. 16, 2009.
- ^ Jeff S. Whelan, Passaic Mayor Pleads Guilty to Corruption, NJ.com, May 9, 2008.
- ^ Madeline Friedman, Anthony Russo Returns Convicted Ex-Hoboken Mayor Moves to Newark Halfway House, Hudson Reporter, July 3, 2007.
- ^ The Eleventh Circuit vacated some of Russo's mail fraud convictions. United States v. Wall, 285 F. App'x 675 (11th Cir. 2008).
- ^ United States v. Santopietro, 996 F.2d 17, 18 (2d Cir. 1993). A district judge granted Santopietro's habeas motion in light of the Second Circuit's subsequent decision in United States v. Foley, 73 F.3d 484 (2d Cir. 1996). Santopietro v. United States, 948 F. Supp. 145 (D. Conn. 1996). On appeal, the Second Circuit reinstated Santopietro's conviction. United States v. Santopietro, 166 F.3d 88 (2d Cir. 1999), abrogated on other grounds, , 541 U.S. 600 (2004).
- ^ Mayor Sarault pleaded guilty. United States v. Sarault, 975 F.2d 17 (1st Cir. 1992).
- ^ Former Mayor, City Manager of California Town Agree to Plead Guilty in Bribery Case[dead link], Wash. Post, July 12, 2012.
- ^ United States v. Somers, 496 F.2d 723 (3rd Cir. 1974).
- ^ United States v. Sopher, 362 F.2d 523 (7th Cir. 1966).
- ^ United States v. Tucker, 133 F.3d 1208 (9th Cir. 1998).
- ^ a b United States v. Kenny, 462 F.2d 1205 (3d Cir. 1972).
- ^ United States v. Burke, 431 F.3d 883 (5th Cir. 2005).
- ^ United States v. Bush, 820 F.2d 858 (7th Cir. 1987).
- ^ a b Results of 3-Year Effort in New Jersey: 35 Public Officials Convicted, 25 Awaiting Trial, N.Y. Times, Jan. 10, 1973.
- ^ Phil Rodgers, Carothers Pleads Guilty, NBC Chicago, Feb. 1, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Chicago's 'Hall of Shame', Chi. Trib., Feb. 24, 2012.
- ^ Conyers pleaded guilty. United States v. Conyers, 737 F. Supp. 2d 696 (E.D. Mich. 2010).
- ^ United States v. D'Amico, 496 F.3d 95 (1st Cir. 2007).
- ^ United States v. Davis, 890 F.2d 1373 (7th Cir. 1989).
- ^ The Ninth Circuit reversed Egan's mail fraud conviction in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350 (1987). United States v. Egan, 860 F.2d 904 (9th Cir. 1988).
- ^ United States v. Evans, 192 F.3d 698 (7th Cir. 1999).
- ^ a b United States v. Tuchow, 768 F.2d 855 (7th Cir. 1985).
- ^ United States v. Foster, 443 F.3d 978 (8th Cir. 2006).
- ^ United States v. Giles, 246 F.3d 966 (7th Cir. 2001).
- ^ a b United States v. Stevens, Cr. No. 10-0200-01/02, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 103917 (W.D. La. Sept. 14, 2011).
- ^ The Fourth Circuit reversed some of Hairston's convictions. United States v. Hairston, 46 F.3d 361 (4th Cir. 1995).
- ^ United States v. Hamilton, 409 F. App'x 584 (3rd Cir. 2011).
- ^ United States v. Hedgepeth, 418 F.3d 411 (4th Cir. 2005).
- ^ a b United States v. Inzunza, 638 F.3d 1006 (9th Cir. 2009).
- ^ a b United States v. Jannotti, 673 F.2d 578 (3d Cir. 1982).
- ^ Wyatt Buchanan, Former S.F. Supervisor Pleads Guilty to Federal Extortion, Bribery, Plans to Accuse Others, San Francisco Chronicle, Oct. 11, 2008.
- ^ United States v. Jack Bruce Johnson
- ^ United States v. Leslie Johnson
- ^ United States v. Jones, 224 F.3d 621 (7th Cir. 2000).
- ^ The Seventh Circuit reversed some of Keane's mail fraud convictions. United States v. Keane, 522 F.2d 534 (7th Cir. 1975).
- ^ United States v. Kuta, 518 F.2d 947 (7th Cir. 1975).
- ^ Ray Rivera, Ex-Councilman Miguel Martinez Sentenced to 5 Years in Theft of $106,000, N.Y. Times, Dec. 15, 2009.
- ^ United States v. McClelland, 731 F.2d 1438 (9th Cir. 1984). The Ninth Circuit granted McClelland's petition for coram nobis on the ground that the Hobbs Act requires inducement, in a decision that predated the Supreme Court's decision in , 504 U.S. 255 (1992). United States v. McClelland, 941 F.2d 999 (9th Cir. 1991).
- ^ United States v. McKenna, 889 F.2d 1168 (1st Cir. 1989).
- ^ Medrano pleaded guilty. Phil Ponce, Facing the Music, Chi. Trib., Jan. 23, 1996.
- ^ United States v. Mirikitani, No. 02-10013, 2004 U.S. App. LEXIS 18348 (9th Cir. Aug. 31, 2004).
- ^ United States v. O'Grady, 280 F. App'x 124 (3d Cir. 2008).
- ^ United States v. Orsburn, 525 F.3d 543 (7th Cir. 2008).
- ^ United States v. Peete, 919 F.2d 1168 (6th Cir. 1990).
- ^ Rodriguez v. United States, Case No. 04-CV-2944 (FB), 2005 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5055 (E.D.N.Y. Mar. 28, 2005).
- ^ Benjamin Weiser, Bronx Councilman Is Convicted of Fraud and Loses Seat, N.Y. Times, July 26, 2012.
- ^ United States v. Smith, 196 F.3d 1034 (9th Cir. 1999).
- ^ Streeter pleaded guilty. Mike Robinson, Veteran Alderman Pleads Guilty in Corruption Probe, Associated Press, Apr. 18, 1996.
- ^ A panel of the Seventh Circuit reversed all of the mail fraud counts and one of the Hobbs Act counts. United States v. Staszcuk, 502 F.2d 875 (7th Cir. 1974). The en banc Seventh Circuit did the same. United States v. Staszcuk, 517 F.2d 53 (7th Cir. 1975) (en banc).
- ^ United States v. Summers, 598 F.2d 450 (5th Cir. 1979).
- ^ Adam Nossiter, New Blow to New Orleans in Council Member’s Plea, N.Y. Times, Aug. 14, 2007.
- ^ John Ellement, Boston Councilor Chuck Turner Convicted on All Counts in Corruption Case, Boston Globe, Oct. 29, 2010.
- ^ Vrdolyak pleaded guilty. See United States v. Vrdolyak, 593 F.3d 676 (7th Cir. 2010).
- ^ United States v. Williams, 264 F.3d 561 (5th Cir. 2001).
- ^ United States v. Woods, 915 F.2d 854 (3d Cir. 1990).
- ^ The Sixth Circuit reversed Beeler's conviction. United States v. Beeler, 587 F.2d 340 (6th Cir. 1978).
- ^ The Tenth Circuit reversed some of Boston's mail fraud convictions. United States v. Boston, 718 F.2d 1511 (10th Cir. 1983).
- ^ The Fifth Circuit reversed one of Brown's mail fraud convictions. United States v. Brown, 699 F.2d 704 (5th Cir. 1983).
- ^ United States v. Coyne, 4 F.3d 100 (2d Cir. 1993).
- ^ James F. McCarty, Federal prosecutors recommend Jimmy Dimora be sentenced to at least 22 years in prison, The Plain Dealer, July 23, 2012.
- ^ The Eleventh Circuit reversed one of Eaves's Hobbs Act convictions. United States v. Eaves, 877 F.2d 943 (11th Cir. 1989).
- ^ United States v. Edwards, 702 F.2d 529 (5th Cir. 1983).
- ^ , 504 U.S. 255 (1992).
- ^ United States v. Forszt, 655 F.2d 101 (7th Cir. 1981).
- ^ United States v. Greenough, 782 F.2d 1556 (11th Cir. 1986) (per curiam).
- ^ United States v. Butler, 618 F.2d 411 (6th Cir. 1980).
- ^ Brian Allen, Verdicts Reached in Las Vegas Operation G-Sting Trial, 8 News Now.
- ^ Hooks pleaded guilty. Hooks Pleads Guilty to One of Two Felony Charges, Action News 5.
- ^ Ronald Smothers, Former New Jersey Official Admits Extorting Bribes, N.Y. Times, Oct. 4, 2002.
- ^ Johnson pleaded guilty. Johnson, Ex-County Executive in Prince George’s, Pleads Guilty to Taking Bribes, Wash. Post, May 17, 2011.
- ^ Kenny pleaded guilty. Brian Haynes, Kenny Reports to Prison, Las Vegas Rev. J., Oct. 17, 2007.
- ^ United States v. Kincaid-Chauncey, 556 F.3d 923 (9th Cir. 2009).
- ^ a b c The Eleventh Circuit reversed the mail fraud convictions in light of the Supreme Court's decision in McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350 (1987). United States v. Kotvas, 941 F.2d 1141 (11th Cir. 1991).
- ^ United States v. Loftus, 992 F.2d 793 (8th Cir. 1993).
- ^ Malone pleaded guilty. United States v. Malone, 308 F. App'x 193 (9th Cir. 2009).
- ^ United States v. Millet, 123 F.3d 268 (5th Cir. 1997).
- ^ "Robert Rizzo, ex-Bell, Calif. City manager, pleads guilty in tax case". CBS News.
- ^ United States v. Robinson, 700 F.2d 205 (5th Cir. 1983).
- ^ United States v. Price, 507 F.2d 1349 (4th Cir. 1974) (per curiam).
- ^ Skrepenak Pleads Guilty to Accepting Bribe, Times Leader, Jan. 26, 2010.
- ^ United States v. Sorrow, 732 F.2d 176 (11th Cir. 1984).
- ^ United States v. Stodola, 953 F.2d 266 (7th Cir. 1992).
- ^ Treffinger pleaded guilty. Ronald Smothers, Treffinger Pleads Guilty To Corruption, N.Y. Times, May 31, 2003.
- ^ United States v. Westmoreland, 841 F.2d 572 (5th Cir. 1988).
- ^ The Ninth Circuit reversed Adams's RICO conviction. United States v. Frega, 179 F.3d 793 (9th Cir. 1999).
- ^ a b United States v. Anderson, 626 F.2d 1358 (8th Cir. 1980).
- ^ Bodenheimer pleaded guilty. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 2004, at 30.
- ^ United States v. Brennan, 629 F. Supp. 283 (E.D.N.Y. 1986).
- ^ United States v. Cain, CRIM. No. 87–355–1, 1988 WL 36344 (E.D. Pa. Apr. 11, 1988), aff'd, 862 F.2d 311 (3d Cir. 1988) (unpublished table decision).
- ^ United States v. Clark, 646 F.2d 1259 (8th Cir. 1981).
- ^ The Eighth Circuit revered Dean's conviction for procedural reasons. United States v. Dean, 647 F.2d 779 (8th Cir. 1981).
- ^ United States v. Devine, 787 F.2d 1086 (7th Cir. 1986).
- ^ Dick Pothier & Daniel R. Biddle, Driggs Guilty Of Extortion Probe's 1st Verdict Against City Judge, Philadelphia Inquirer, Aug. 21, 1987.
- ^ Graham Meyer, The Ex Files, Chi. Magazine, June 2006.
- ^ United States v. Glecier, 923 F.2d 496 (7th Cir. 1991).
- ^ Judge Hamilton pleaded guilty. Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 1978, at 14.
- ^ United States v. Harris, 700 F. Supp. 226 (E.D. Pa. 1988).
- ^ United States v. Holzer, 816 F.2d 304 (7th Cir. 1987). The Supreme Court vacated Holzer's conviction and remanded in light of its subsequent decision McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350 (1987). Holzer v. United States, 484 U.S. 807 (1987). On remand, the Seventh Circuit held that vacatur of the mail fraud and RICO convictions was warranted but upheld the Hobbs Act conviction. United States v. Holzer, 840 F.2d 1343 (7th Cir. 1988).
- ^ United States v. LeFevour, 798 F.2d 977 (7th Cir. 1986). LeFevour's habeas petition, in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350 (1987), was denied. LeFevour v. United States, 748 F. Supp. 579 (N.D. Ill. 1990).
- ^ United States v. Maloney, 71 F.3d 645 (7th Cir. 1995).
- ^ The Ninth Circuit reversed one of Malkus's RICO conviction. United States v. Frega, 179 F.3d 793 (9th Cir. 1999).
- ^ United States v. McCollom, No. 91 C 4621, 1991 WL 182259 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 12, 1991).
- ^ United States v. Mosely, 810 F.2d 93 (6th Cir. 1987).
- ^ United States v. Murphy, 768 F.2d 1518 (7th Cir. 1985).
- ^ a b Maurice Possley, Judge Sodini Pleads Guilty In Greylord, Chi. Trib., Jan. 21, 1987.
- ^ United States v. Reynolds, 821 F.2d 427 (7th Cir. 1987). Reynolds' habeas petition, in light of the Supreme Court's subsequent decision in McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350 (1987), was granted with regard to the mail fraud counts. United States v. Reynolds, No. 90 C 0930, 1990 WL 93330 (N.D. Ill. June 15, 1990).
- ^ Sayre pleaded guilty. United States v. Sayre, 400 F.3d 599 (8th Cir. 2005).
- ^ United States v. Scacchetti, 668 F.2d 643 (2d Cir. 1982).
- ^ United States v. Shenberg, 89 F.3d 1461 (11th Cir. 1996).
- ^ United States v. Shields, 999 F.2d 1090 (7th Cir. 1993).
- ^ Pub. Integrity Section, Criminal Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice, Report to Congress on the Activities and Operations of the Public Integrity Section for 2009, at 45.
- ^ United States v. Stillo, 57 F.3d 553 (7th Cir. 1995).
- ^ a b The Fifth Circuit vacated the program bribery convictions but affirmed the other convictions. United States v. Whitfield, 590 F.3d 325 (5th Cir. 2009).
- ^ "Former Rhode Island House Speaker and Providence Licensing Board Vice Chairman Gordon Fox to Plead Guilty in Federal Court to Wire Fraud, Bribery, and Tax Evasion". FBI. Retrieved March 6, 2015.
- ^ Doherty, William F. (March 11, 1981). "O'Leary gets 18 months". The Boston Globe.
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