List of World War I aces credited with 5 victories
The term "ace" (now commonly flying ace) was first used by French newspapers during World War I, describing Adolphe Pégoud as l'as (the ace), after he downed five German aircraft. When aircraft began to shoot or force down other aircraft, systems to count "air victories" were subsequently developed. The American qualification of five victories eventually became the standard, even though other air services had previously used differing figures.[1]
While "ace" status was most often won by fighter pilots, bomber and reconnaissance crews, and observers in two-seater aircraft such as the Bristol F.2b (Bristol Fighter), also destroyed enemy aircraft. If a two-seater aircraft destroyed an aircraft, both crew members were credited with a victory. Because pilots usually teamed with differing observer/gunners in two-seater aircraft, an observer might be an ace when his pilot was not, and vice versa.[2] The few aces among combat aviators have historically accounted for the majority of air-to-air victories in military history.[3]
Loss of records by mischance and the passage of time complicates reconstructing the actual count for given aces. The scores presented in the list cannot be definitive, but are based on itemized lists that are the best available sources of information.[4] Aces are listed after verifying the date and location of combat, and the foe vanquished, for every victory accredited by an aviator's home air service using their own aerial victory standards. Those victories for which the evidence is unavailable or fragmentary have been excluded from the victory count.
Name | Country | Air service(s) | Victories |
---|---|---|---|
Albert Achard | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[5] |
John Aldridge | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[6]: 49 |
Michele Allasia | Italy | Corpo Aeronautico Militare | 5[7] |
Antonio Amantea
|
5[8] | ||
George Benson Anderson | Canada | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[6]: 51 |
Arnold Ansell | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[9] |
D'Urban Armstrong | South Africa | 5[6]: 52 | |
Anthony Arnold | United Kingdom | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[6]: 53 |
Maurice Arnoux | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[10] |
Jean Arpheuil
|
5[11] | ||
Edward Asbury | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[12] |
Lionel Ashfield | United Kingdom | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[12] |
Rupert Atkinson | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[13] |
Hans Auer | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[14]: 63 |
Frank Babbage | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[6]: 56 |
William T. Badham | United States | Aéronautique Militaire, US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Force | 5[15] |
Lovell Baker | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[6]: 57 |
Yves F. Barbaza | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[16] |
Andre Barcat
|
5[17] | ||
Bernard Bartels | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[18] |
Auguste Baux | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[19] |
Louis Bawlf | Canada | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force | 5[6]: 66 |
Sebastiano Bedendo | Italy | Corpo Aeronautico Militare | 5[20] |
Charles Gordon Bell | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[6]: 71 |
William Benger | Royal Flying Corps | 5[21] | |
Risdon Mackenzie Bennett | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[6]: 74–75 | |
Ronald Berlyn
|
5[22] | ||
Joachim von Bertrab | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[14]: 72 |
Rudolf Besel
|
5[23] | ||
Otto Bieleit
|
5[23] | ||
Frank Billinge | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[24] |
Eduard Blaas | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[25] |
Basil Blackett | United Kingdom | Australian Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[26] |
George Walker Blaiklock | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[27] |
Arthur Winston Blake | South Africa | 5[28] | |
Georges Blanc | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[29] |
Alfred Blenkiron | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[30] |
Charles Blizard
|
5[31] | ||
Marcel Bloch | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[29] |
Hans-Helmut von Boddien | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[32] |
Erich Bönisch
|
5[33] | ||
William Otway Boger | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[30] |
William Bond | United Kingdom | 5[30] | |
Edward Borgfeldt Booth | Canada | 5[34] | |
Gustav Borm | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[35] |
Charles Borzecki | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[36] |
Alan Bott | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[34] |
William Bottrill | Canada | 5[31] | |
Francis Bowles | United Kingdom | 5[37] | |
Hans Bowski | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[35] |
Herbert Boy
|
5[38] | ||
Harold Koch Boysen | United States | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[39] |
Otto von Breiten-Landenberg | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[40] |
Godfrey Brembridge | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[41] |
Orlando Bridgeman
|
5[22] | ||
Allan Brown | Australia | Australian Flying Corps | 5[42] |
Sydney Brown | United States | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[43] |
John Bruce Norton | United Kingdom | 5[44] | |
Harold Buckley | United States | US Army Air Service | 5[45] |
Alexandre Buisson | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[46] |
Friedrich-Karl Burckhardt | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[47] |
Malcolm Burger | South Africa | Royal Air Force | 5[48] |
Julius Busa | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[49] |
Joseph Callaghan | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[50] |
Lawrence Callahan | United States | Royal Air Force, US Army Air Service | 5[50] |
Umberto Calvello | Italy | Corpo Aeronautico Militare | 5[51] |
Douglas Cameron | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[52] |
Pierre Cardon | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[53] |
Edward Caulfield-Kelly | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[54] |
Lucien Cayol | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[55] |
James Child | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[56] |
Karl Christ | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[57] |
Alexander Goodlet Clark | Australia | Australian Flying Corps | 5[58] |
William Clarke | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[59] |
Lewis Collins
|
5[60] | ||
Harry Compton | Canada | 5[61] | |
Everett Cook | United States | Aéronautique Militaire, US Army Air Service | 5[62] |
Antoine Cordonnier | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[63] |
George J. Cox | Australia | Australian Flying Corps | 5[64] |
George M. Cox | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[64] |
Fergus Craig | Royal Air Force | 5[64] | |
Kelvin Crawford | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[65] | |
Gerard Crole
|
5[65] | ||
John Crompton | Canada | 5[66] | |
Theodor Croneiss | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[67] |
Robert James Cullen | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[68] |
Lumsden Cummings | Canada | 5[69] | |
Frederick Cunninghame | United Kingdom | 5[70] | |
Wilhelm Cymera | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[71] |
Sydney Dalrymple | Australia | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[72] |
Charles Darwin | United Kingdom | 5[73] | |
Clive Davies
|
5[74] | ||
Llewelyn Davies | Royal Flying Corps | 5[75] | |
Miles Day | Royal Naval Air Service | 5[76] | |
Honoré de Bonald | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[77] |
Philip De Fontenay | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[78] |
Jean De Gaillard De la Valden | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[79] |
August Delling | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[80] |
Andre Delorme | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[81] |
Bruno De Roeper | United Kingdom | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[82] |
Charles R. d'Olive | United States | US Army Air Service | 5[46] |
Edward Barfoot Drake | United Kingdom | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[83] |
Jean Dubois de Gennes | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[84] |
Chester S. Duffus | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[85] |
William Dyke | United Kingdom | 5[86] | |
Arthur Easterbrook | United States | Royal Air Force, US Army Air Service | 5[87] |
Edward Eaton | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[88] |
Charles Eddy | South Africa | 5[86] | |
Herbert James Edwards | Australia | 5[89] | |
Horace Eldon | United Kingdom | 5[90] | |
Hugh William Elliott
|
5[91] | ||
William Elliott | Canada | 5[92] | |
Sidney Emerson Ellis | Royal Naval Air Service | 5[91] | |
Henry Evans | United Kingdom | Royal Air Force | 5[93] |
Wilhelm Fahlbusch | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[94] |
Jean-Paul Favre de Thierrens | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[95] |
Ernest Foot | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[96] |
George W. Furlow | United States | US Army Air Service | 5[97] |
Victor Fyodorov | Russia | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[98] |
Hudson Fysh | Australia | Australian Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[99] |
Ludwig Gaim | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[100] |
Richard Gammon | United Kingdom | Royal Air Force | 5[101] |
Pierre Gauderman | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[102] |
George Gauld | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[103] |
Harold Huston George | United States | US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Corps, United States Army Air Forces | 5[104] |
Eugène Gilbert | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[105] |
Dennis Henry Stacey Gilbertson | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[106] |
Johannes Gildemeister | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[107] |
Wilfred Bertie Giles | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[106] |
John Gillanders | Canada | 5[108] | |
William John Gillespie
|
5[106] | ||
Juri Gilsher | Russia | Imperial Russian Air Service | 5[109] |
William Gilson | United Kingdom | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[110] |
Harry Gompertz | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[111] | |
Michael Gonne
|
5[112] | ||
Herbert Barrett Good
|
5[112] | ||
Henry Goodison
|
5[113] | ||
Kenneth Gopsill | Royal Flying Corps | 5[114] | |
Richard Gordon-Bennett | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[115] | |
Ronald Graham | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[116] | |
Edward Grange | Canada | 5[117] | |
Charles Gossage Grey | United States | Aéronautique Militaire, US Army Air Service | 5[118] |
Edward Gribben | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[117] |
Hugh Griffith | Canada | 5[115] | |
William Grossart | United Kingdom | 5[119] | |
Francis Guerrier | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[120] |
Joseph-Henri Guiget
|
5[121] | ||
Siegfried Gussmann | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[122] |
Kurt Haber
|
5[123] | ||
Edward Haight | United States | US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Forces | 5[46] |
Georges Halberger | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[124] |
John Playford Hales | Canada | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[125] |
John Herbert Hall | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[126] |
Robert Hall | South Africa | 5[125] | |
Joseph E. Hallonquist | Canada | 5[127] | |
Paul Hamot | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[77] |
Earl Hand | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[128] |
August Hanko | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[129] |
Howard Harker | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[130] |
Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet
|
5[131] | ||
Charles Harrison
|
5[132] | ||
William Harrop
|
5[132] | ||
Edward Hartigan | Royal Flying Corps | 5[133] | |
Marius Hasdenteufel | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[134] |
Marcel Hauss
|
5[135] | ||
Hugh Hay | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[136] |
Roger Hay | Royal Flying Corps | 5[137] | |
Eustace Headlam | Australia | Australian Flying Corps | 5[138] |
James Healy | United States | US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Forces | 5[139] |
Fredrich Hefty | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[140] |
Friedrich Hengst | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[141] |
Robert Herring | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[142] |
Kurt Hetze | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[143] |
George Frederick Hines | United Kingdom | Royal Air Force | 5[144] |
William Hodgkinson | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[145] | |
Les Holden | Australia | Australian Flying Corps | 5[146][147] |
Robert Holme | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[148] |
Paul Homo | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[149] |
Percy Howe | South Africa | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[150] |
Malcolm Clifford Howell | United States | 5[151] | |
David Hughes | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps | 5[152] |
Eric Yorath Hughes
|
5[153] | ||
Thomas Hunter | Royal Air Force | 5[154] | |
Cyril Edward Hurst | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[154] | |
George Hyde
|
5[155] | ||
Jean Jannekeyn | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[156] |
Arthur Gordon Jarvis | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[157] |
Charles Jeffs
|
5[157] | ||
Olaus Johnsen
|
5[158] | ||
Percy Griffith Jones
|
5[159] | ||
Hermann Juhnke | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[160] |
Werner Junck
|
5[160] | ||
M. B. Kilroy | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[161] |
James Knowles | United States | US Army Air Service | 5[162] |
Wilhelm Kohlbach | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[163] |
Nikolai Kokorin | Russia | Imperial Russian Air Service | 5[109] |
Johann Kopka | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[164] |
Julius Kowalczik | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[165] |
Frederick J. Kydd | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[166] |
Franz Lahner | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[167] |
Kenneth Laing | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[168] |
Conrad Lally | Canada | 5[169] | |
Friedrich Lang | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[167] |
David Langlands | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[170] |
Sydney Frank Langstone | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[171] | |
Johann Lasi | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[172] |
James Latta | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[173] |
Frederic Laurence
|
5[174] | ||
Didier Lecour Grandmaison | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[175] |
Giulio Lega | Italy | Corpo Aeronautico Militare | 5[176] |
Ernst Leman | Russia | Imperial Russian Air Service | 5[177] |
James Lennox | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[178] |
Pierre Leroy De Boiseaumarie | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[179] |
Wilhelm Leusch | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[180] |
Georges Lienhart | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[181] |
John Douglas Lightbody | United Kingdom | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[182] |
Ernest Lindup | South Africa | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[182] |
Robert Hazen Little | Canada | 5[183] | |
John Lloyd Williams | United Kingdom | 5[184] | |
Heinrich Lorenz | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[185] |
Reginald Lowe | United Kingdom | Royal Air Force | 5[186] |
Frederick Luff | United States | US Army Air Service attached to Royal Air Force | 5[187] |
Charles Lupton | United Kingdom | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[188] |
Colin Geen Orr MacAndrew | Royal Flying Corps | 5[189] | |
Ross Morrison MacDonald | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[190] |
Harry MacKay | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps | 5[171] |
Loudoun MacLean | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[191] | |
Bela Macourek | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[192] |
John Finley Noel MacRae | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[193] |
Francis Magoun | United States | 5[194] | |
Paul Malavialle | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[195] |
Patrick Scarsfield Manley | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[196] |
Leslie Morton Mansbridge | United Kingdom | 5[197] | |
William Stanley Mansell | Royal Flying Corps | 5[197] | |
Federico Martinengo | Italy | Corpo Aeronautico Militare | 5[198] |
Hans Marwede | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[199] |
Stanley Masding | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[200] |
Guido Masiero | Italy | Corpo Aeronautico Militare | 5[201] |
Jack Mason | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[200] |
William Maxted
|
5[202] | ||
Ronald McClintock
|
5[203] | ||
George McCormack | Royal Air Force | 5[204] | |
John McNeaney | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[205] |
Russell Fern McRae
|
5[206] | ||
Amedeo Mecozzi | Italy | Corpo Aeronautico Militare | 5[207] |
Harold Medlicott | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[206] |
Francis Mellersh | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[208] | |
Erich Meyer | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[209] |
Giorgio Michetti | Italy | Corpo Aeronautico Militare | 5[210] |
Zenos Miller | United States | US Army Air Service | 5[211] |
Kenneth Charles Mills | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[212] |
Harold Molyneux | Canada | 5[213] | |
Paul Montange | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[214] |
John Towlson Morgan | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[215] |
William John Mostyn
|
5[215] | ||
Harold Edgar Mott | Canada | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[215] |
Redford Mulock | Canada | 5[216] | |
John Murison | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[217] |
Donald Frederick Murmann | US Army Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[215] | |
Ernest Mustard | Australia | Australian Flying Corps | 5[218] |
Kurt Nachod | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[219] |
Hugh Nangle | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[114] |
Roger Neville
|
5[220] | ||
Thomas Henry Newsome | Royal Air Force | 5[221] | |
Augustin Novak | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[222] |
Percy Olieff | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[223] |
Thomas Alfred Oliver | Royal Flying Corps | 5[224] | |
Ralph Ambrose O'Neill | United States | US Army Air Service | 5[225] |
Ivan Orlov | Russia | Imperial Russian Air Service | 5[226] |
Osborne Orr | United States | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[227] |
Hans-Georg von der Osten | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[228] |
John Sidney Owens | United States | US Army Air Service | 5[229] |
Antoine Paillard | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[230] |
Karl Patzelt | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[231] |
Carrick Paul | New Zealand | Australian Flying Corps | 5[232] |
Georges Pelletier d'Oisy | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[233] |
Edward Pennell | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[234] |
Andre Petit-Delchet | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[235] |
Edmund Heaton Peverell | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[234] |
Charles Pickthorn
|
5[236] | ||
Gerald Pilditch | South Africa | 5[237] | |
Alexander Pishvanov | Russia | Imperial Russian Air Service | 5[238] |
Sidney Platel | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[239] |
Constant Plessis | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[240] |
George Ramsden Poole | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[241] |
Kenneth Lee Porter | United States | US Army Air Service | 5[242] |
François Portron | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[243] |
Harold Johnstone Pratt | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[244] |
Walbanke Ashby Pritt
|
5[245] | ||
Thomas Proctor
|
5[246] | ||
John Pugh | Canada | 5[247] | |
Hartley Pullan | United Kingdom | 5[248] | |
Eduard Pulpe | Russia | Aéronautique Militaire, Imperial Army Air Service | 5[249] |
W. C Purvis | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[246] |
Orville Ralston | United States | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force, US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Corps, United States Army Air Forces | 5[250] |
Arthur Rullion Rattray | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[251] |
Georges Raymond | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[252] |
John William Rayner | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[253] |
Victor Regnier | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[254] |
Guy Reid | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps | 5[255] |
Leopold Reimann | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[256] |
Alessandro Resch | Italy | Corpo Aeronautico Militare | 5[257] |
Charles Revol-Tissot | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[258] |
Alan Incell Riley alias A. G. Riley | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[259] |
Louis Rissacher | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[260] |
Maurice Robert
|
5[230] | ||
Norman Roberts | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[261] |
John Robertson | Royal Flying Corps | 5[262] | |
Paul Rodde | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[230] |
Alois Rodlauer | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[263] |
Jacques Roques | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[264] |
Hans Rosencrantz | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[265] |
Paul Rothe
|
5[266] | ||
Maurice Rousselle | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[267] |
Richard Rübe | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[266] |
Theodor Rumpel
|
5[266] | ||
Giovanni Sabelli | Italy | Corpo Aeronautico Militare | 5[268] |
Mikhail Safonov | Russia | Imperial Russian Air Service | 5[269] |
William Sanday | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[270] |
Robert Saundby
|
5[255] | ||
Basile Saune | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[271] |
Edward Sayers | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[272] |
Johann Schlimpen | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[273] |
Roman Schneider
|
5[274] | ||
Herbert Schroeder
|
5[275] | ||
Friedrich Schumacher
|
5[276] | ||
Konrad Schwartz
|
5[277] | ||
Alan John Lance Scott | New Zealand | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[278] |
Joseph Powell Seabrook | United Kingdom | 5[279] | |
John Seerly | United States | US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Corps, United States Army Air Forces | 5[280] |
Kurt Seit | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[281] |
Christopher Shannon | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[282] |
Frank Sharpe
|
5[283] | ||
Harold Goodman Shoemaker | United States | US Army Air Service attached to Royal Air Force, US Army Air Service | 5[284] |
Eugen Siempelkamp | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[285] |
Francis Simonds | United States | US Army Air Service | 5[286] |
Eric Landon Simonson | Australia | Australian Flying Corps | 5[287] |
Lambert Sloot | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[288] |
Wallace Alexander Smart
|
5[289] | ||
George Henry Benjamin Smith
|
5[290] | ||
Harry Coleman Smith | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[291] | |
James Robert Smith | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[292] |
Sydney Philip Smith | United Kingdom | 5[293] | |
William Thomas Smith | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force, Royal Australian Air Force | 5[294] | |
Neil Smuts | South Africa | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[295] |
Wilfred Sneath | United Kingdom | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[295] |
Wilhelm Sommer | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[285] |
Ian Oliver Stead | South Africa | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[296] |
Helmut Steinbrecher | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[297] |
Thomas Frederick Stephenson | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps | 5[298] |
Frank Douglas Stevens | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[299] | |
Oliver Stewart
|
5[300] | ||
Wilhelm Stör | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[297] |
Claud Stokes | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[301] |
Victor Strahm | United States | US Army Air Service, | 5[302] |
Karl Strünklenberg | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[303] |
Rudolf Szepessy-Sokol | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[304] |
Edgar Taylor | United States | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[305] |
Karl Teichmann | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[306] |
William Thaw | United States | Aéronautique Militaire, US Army Air Service | 5[307] |
Wilhelm Thöne | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[308] |
Meredith Thomas | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[309] |
Anthony Joseph Hill Thornton
|
5[310] | ||
Alwin Thurm | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[308] |
William Tipton | United States | US Army Air Service attached to Royal Air Force, US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Corps | 5[311] |
George Donald Tod | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[312] | |
Robert Miles Todd | US Army Air Service | 5[313] | |
Oswald Traenkner | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[314] |
Herbert Travers | United Kingdom | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[315] |
Gerold Tschentschel | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[316] |
John Seymour Turnbull | Australia | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[317] |
Arthur Henry Turner | United Kingdom | Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force | 5[318] |
Alfred Ulmer | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[319] |
Karl Urban | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[320] |
Gilbert J. Uteau | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[321] |
Viktor Utgof | Russian Empire | Black Sea Fleet, Imperial Russian Navy | 5[322] |
John Vessey | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps | 5[323] |
Hans Viebig | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[324] |
Pierre Violet-Marty | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[325] |
Werner Wagener | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[326] |
Kenneth MacKenzie Walker | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[327] |
William Walker
|
5[328] | ||
John Wallwork
|
5[329] | ||
Edward Henry Ward
|
5[330] | ||
Hasso von Wedel | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[331] |
George Arthur Welsh | Canada | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[332] |
Pierre Wertheim (Wertheimer) | France | Aéronautique Militaire | 5[230] |
Mortimer Sackville West | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps | 5[332] |
Lewis Whitehead | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[333] | |
Charles Whitham
|
5[334] | ||
Robert Kenneth Whitney | Canada | 5[335] | |
Ernst Wiessner | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[336] |
Edward George Herbert Caradoc Williams | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps | 5[337] |
Francis Jefferies Williams | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[337] | |
Cecil Frederick Charles Wilson
|
5[338] | ||
Rupert Randolph Winter | Royal Naval Air Service | 5[339] | |
Kurt Wisseman | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[340] |
Franz Wognar | Austria-Hungary | Luftfahrtruppen | 5[341] |
John Womersley | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps | 5[339] |
Charles Woollven | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[342] | |
Charles Edward Worthington
|
5[342] | ||
Victor Maslin Yeates
|
5[343] | ||
Graham Conacher Young
|
5[343] | ||
Martin Zander | German Empire | Luftstreitkräfte | 5[344] |
Edmund Leonard Zink | United Kingdom | Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force | 5[345] |
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- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 145.
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- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 36.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 146.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 147.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 16.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 148.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 63.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 150.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 105.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 158.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 157.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 37–38.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 158–159.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 17–18.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 113.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 64.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp 164–165.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 164.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 38.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 165–166.
- ^ a b c Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 167.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, pp. 114–115.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 65.
- ^ a b Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 207.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 19.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 86.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 171.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 172.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches Supplement: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces. p. 3.
- ^ a b Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 21.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 174.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 175.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 39.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 66.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 168.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 169–170.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 120.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 121.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 173–174.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 181.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 22.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. pp. 181–182.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 184.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 123.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 67.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 185.
- ^ a b Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 87.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 87–88.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 174.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 174–175.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. pp. 188–189.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 189.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 191.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 43–44.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 183.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, pp. 127–128.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 24.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, pp. 129–130.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 25.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 25–26.
- ^ Australian Dictionary of Biography online
- ^ Australian Air Aces: Australian Fighter Pilots in Combat. pp. 38–39.
- ^ Above the Trenches Supplement: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces. p. 7.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 178.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 200.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 201.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 203.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 204.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 205.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 206.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 179–180.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 210.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 68.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 28.
- ^ a b Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 139.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 88.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 50–51.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 147.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 149.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 189.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 30.
- ^ a b Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 190.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 229.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 70.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 232.
- ^ a b Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 89.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 191.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 233.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 234.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 183.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 141–142.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 209.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 238.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 185.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 155.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 186.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 240.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 242.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 32.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 158.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 32–33.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 246.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 70–71.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. pp. 246–247.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 247.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. pp. 250–251.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 192.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 252.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 59–60.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 189.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 254.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 257.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 144.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 162.
- ^ a b Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 33.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 144–145.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 262.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 266.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 34.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 277.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 278.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 145.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 280.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 166.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 146.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 61.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 282.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 284.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 194–195.
- ^ a b c d Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 286.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 287.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 37–38.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 38.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 193.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 290.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 291.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 195.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 72.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 293.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 61–62.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 211.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 295.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, pp. 176–177.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 62.
- ^ a b c d Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 201.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 195–196.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 298.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 202–203.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 301.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 205.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 304.
- ^ Above the Trenches Supplement: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces. p. 4.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 211–212.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 42.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 208.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 306.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 65.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 208–209.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. pp. 306–307.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 308.
- ^ a b Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 43.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 73.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 91.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 209–210.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 312.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 91–92.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 210.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 314.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 211.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 318.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 185.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 156.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 212.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 321.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 212–213.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 322.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 44.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 197.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 214.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 191.
- ^ a b c Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 193.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 215.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 159.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 212–213.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 329.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 217–218.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 45–46.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 201.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, pp. 203–204.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 206.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, pp. 206–207.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 208.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 333.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 334.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 70.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, pp. 209–210.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 47.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 335.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 337.
- ^ a b Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 210.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 71–72.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 338.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 93.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 341.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 74.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 342.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 93–94.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. pp. 343–344.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 94.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 344.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 350.
- ^ a b Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 212.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 351.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 352.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 353.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 75.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 74.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 213.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 201.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 358.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 202.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 75.
- ^ a b Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 216.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 360–361.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. pp. 49–50.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 364.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 365.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 76–77.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 217.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 367.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 218.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 369.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 370.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 221.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 203.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. p. 222.
- ^ Утгоф Виктор Викторович (in Russian). Narod.ru.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 53.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 223.
- ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. pp. 223–224.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 225.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 373.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 54.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 375.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 55.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, pp. 226–227.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 379.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 383.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 96.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 384.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 230.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 385.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 386.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 388.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 232.
- ^ Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918. p. 205.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 390.
- ^ a b Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 391.
- ^ Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 234.
- ^ Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920. p. 392.
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- Newton, Dennis (1996). Australian Air Aces: Australian Fighter Pilots in Combat. Motorbooks International. ISBN 978-1-875671-25-0.
- Pieters, Walter M. (1998). Above Flanders Fields: A Complete Record of the Belgian Fighter Pilots and Their Units During the Great War. Oxford: Grub Street. ISBN 978-1-898697-83-1.
- Shores, Christopher (2001). British and Empire Aces of World War I. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-377-4.
- Shores, Christopher; Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915–1920. Oxford: Grub Street. ISBN 978-0-948817-19-9.
- Shores, Christopher; Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell (1996). Above the Trenches Supplement: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces. Oxford: Grub Street. ISBN 978-1-898697-39-8.
- Lists of World War I flying aces