List of baseball players who defected from Cuba

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Orlando "El Duque" Hernández defected from Cuba in 1997

This is a list of notable Cuban baseball players who have defected since the beginning of Fidel Castro's presidency. Prior to the Cuban Revolution, which saw Castro rise to power in 1959, Cuban-born players often played in the American Negro leagues and in Major League Baseball (MLB). Following the revolution, U.S.-Cuba relations became strained, and Castro ended professional baseball in Cuba[1] and forbade Cuban players to play abroad.[2]

Some players defected during the Cold War. Rogelio Álvarez, who debuted in MLB in 1960, was barred from continuing his professional career in the United States, and defected from Cuba through Mexico in 1963.[3] Bárbaro Garbey left Cuba in the Mariel boatlift in 1980.[1] After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Cuba's economy struggled badly and faced severe repercussions from the Embargo.[2] Baseball players began to seek careers in MLB due to the high salaries. In 1991, René Arocha defected. He was followed by Rey Ordóñez in 1993. Rolando Arrojo defected during the 1996 Summer Olympics, which were held in the United States.[4] The Cuban government treats attempted defectors as disloyal, which led to increased defections. Orlando Hernández was loyal to Cuba, until they banned him from the national team following the defection of his half-brother, Liván.[5]

Players attempting to play in MLB often choose not to defect to the United States, because establishing residency in the United States means they must enter the MLB Draft. If they defect to another nation, they can become free agents, allowing them to choose their offer.[6] The largest contract given to a Cuban defector is outfielder Rusney Castillo's seven-year contract with the Boston Red Sox, signed in 2014, worth $72.5 million.[7] First baseman José Dariel Abreu signed a six-year contract worth $68 million with the Chicago White Sox in 2013.[8] The largest contract given to a pitcher was the $32 million the New York Yankees gave to José Contreras in 2002,[9] while the Cincinnati Reds signed Aroldis Chapman for $30.25 million in 2010.[10]

While some players who defect succeed in obtaining multimillion-dollar contracts to play in MLB, many receive only minor league contracts and do not reach MLB.[2] Players are often separated from their families,[11] as Cuba often denies exit visas to the families of players who defected. This can lead to severed relationships, such as between Jorge Toca and the mother of his son.[5]

List[]

José Abreu
Yoenis Céspedes
Aroldis Chapman
Adeiny Hechavarria
Leonys Martín
Kendrys Morales
Rey Ordóñez
Victor Rivas
Yasmany Tomas
Dayán Viciedo
Key
dagger MLB All-Star
double-dagger Denotes player who is still active
Defectors
Player Position Year defected MLB debut MLB seasons Ref
José Abreudagger First baseman 2013 March 31, 2014 8double-dagger [12]
Michel Abreu Outfielder 2004 — — [13]
Dariel Álvarez Outfielder 2012 August 28, 2015 2double-dagger [14]
Rogelio Álvarez First baseman 1963 September 18, 1960 2 [3]
Yordan Álvarez Outfielder 2016 June 9, 2019 3double-dagger [15]
Second baseman 1996 — — [16]
Leslie Anderson Outfielder 2010 — — [17]
René Arocha Pitcher 1991 April 9, 1993 4 [5]
Randy Arozarena Outfielder 2015 August 14, 2019 3double-dagger [18]
Noel Argüelles Pitcher 2008 — — [19]
Erisbel Arruebarrena Shortstop 2013 May 23, 2014 1double-dagger [20]
Rolando Arrojodagger Pitcher 1996 April 1, 1998 5 [4]
Danys Báezdagger Pitcher 1999 May 13, 2001 10 [21]
Second baseman 2014 — — [22]
Alexei Bell Outfielder 2016 — — [citation needed]
Catcher 2013 — — [23]
Yuniesky Betancourt Shortstop 2003 July 28, 2005 9 [24]
Francisley Bueno Pitcher 2004 August 13, 2008 2 [2]
Bárbaro Cañizares First baseman 2004 June 11, 2009 1 [25]
Daniel Carbonell Outfielder 2013 — — [26]
Alberto Castillo Pitcher 1993 July 8, 2008 4 [27]
Diosdany Castillo Pitcher 2014 — — [28]
Rusney Castillo Outfielder 2013 September 17, 2014 3double-dagger [29]
Amaury Cazana Outfielder 2005 — — [30]
Yoelkis Céspedes Outfielder 2019 — — [31]
Yoenis Céspedesdagger Outfielder 2011 March 28, 2012 8double-dagger [32]
Aroldis Chapmandagger Pitcher 2009 August 31, 2010 12double-dagger [11]
First baseman 1996 — — [5]
Gerardo Concepción Pitcher 2011 June 21, 2016 1 [33]
José Contrerasdagger Pitcher 2002 March 31, 2003 11 [9]
Jozzen Cuesta First baseman 2013 — — [34]
Odrisamer Despaigne Pitcher 2013 June 23, 2014 6double-dagger [35]
Aledmys Díaz Shortstop 2012 April 5, 2016 6double-dagger [14]
Juan Díaz First baseman 1995 June 12, 2002 1 [36]
Yandy Díaz Third baseman 2013 April 3, 2017 5double-dagger [37]
Roenis Elías Pitcher 2010 April 3, 2014 6double-dagger [38]
Yunel Escobar Shortstop 2004 June 2, 2007 11 [39]
José Fernándezdagger Pitcher 2008 April 7, 2013 4 [40]
José Miguel Fernández Infielder 2015 June 8, 2018 1double-dagger
Osvaldo Fernández Pitcher 1995 April 5, 1996 4 [41]
Bárbaro Garbey First baseman 1980 April 3, 1984 3 [1]
Adonis García Outfielder 2011 May 19, 2015 3double-dagger [42]
Adolis García Outfielder 2016 August 8, 2018 3double-dagger [43]
Onelki García Pitcher 2010 September 11, 2013 2double-dagger [44]
Yasser Gómez Outfielder 2008 — — [45]
Miguel Alfredo González Pitcher 2013 September 3, 2014 1 [46]
Lourdes Gurriel Jr. Infielder 2016 April 20, 2018 4double-dagger [47]
Yulieski Gurriel Infielder 2016 August 21, 2016 6double-dagger [47]
Alex Guerrero Shortstop 2013 March 22, 2014 2 [48]
Vladimir Gutiérrez Pitcher 2015 May 28, 2021 1double-dagger [49]
Adeiny Hechavarria Shortstop 2009 August 4, 2012 9double-dagger [50]
Adrián Hernández Pitcher 2000 April 21, 2001 3 [51]
Liván Hernándezdagger Pitcher 1995 September 24, 1996 17 [52]
Michel Hernández Catcher 1996 September 6, 2003 3 [16]
Orlando Hernández Pitcher 1997 June 3, 1998 9 [53]
Yoslan Herrera Pitcher 2005 July 12, 2008 2 [54]
Dalier Hinojosa Pitcher 2013 May 3, 2015 2 [55]
Andy Ibáñez Second baseman 2014 May 4, 2021 1double-dagger [56]
José Iglesias dagger Shortstop 2008 May 8, 2011 10double-dagger [19]
Raisel Iglesias Pitcher 2013 April 12, 2015 7double-dagger [57]
Hansel Izquierdo Pitcher 1994 April 21, 2002 1 [58]
Raudel Lazo Pitcher 2011 September 5, 2015 1 [59]
Yoan López Pitcher 2014 September 9, 2018 4double-dagger [60]
Yadel Martí Pitcher 2008 — — [45]
Leonys Martín Outfielder 2010 September 2, 2011 9double-dagger [61]
Yunesky Maya Pitcher 2009 September 7, 2010 3double-dagger [62]
Víctor Víctor Mesa Outfielder 2018 — —
Juan Miranda First baseman 2005 September 18, 2008 4 [63]
Andy Morales Third baseman 2000 — — [64]
Kendrys Morales First baseman 2004 May 23, 2006 13 [65]
Adrian Morejón Pitcher 2015 July 21, 2019 3double-dagger [66]
Yadil Mujica Shortstop 2009 — — [67]
Ronnier Mustelier Outfielder/Third baseman 2009 — — [68]
Vladimir Núñez Pitcher 1995 September 11, 1998 9 [69]
Héctor Olivera Second baseman 2014 September 1, 2015 2 [70][71]
Jorge Oña Outfielder 2015 September 7, 2020 2double-dagger [72]
Rey Ordóñez Shortstop 1993 April 1, 1996 9 [5]
Eddie Oropesa Pitcher 1993 April 2, 2001 4 [73]
Bill Ortega Outfielder 1996 September 7, 2001 1 [16]
Brayan Peña Catcher 1999 May 23, 2005 13 [39]
Hassan Peña Pitcher 2005 — — [74]
Infielder 2013 — — [26]
Ariel Prieto Pitcher 1995 July 2, 1995 7 [75]
Yasiel Puigdagger Outfielder 2012 June 3, 2013 7double-dagger [76]
Alexei Ramírezdagger Shortstop 2007 March 31, 2008 9double-dagger [77]
Shortstop 2011 — — [77]
Victor Rivas First baseman 2013 — — [78]
Luis Robert Outfielder 2017 July 24, 2020 2double-dagger
Eddy Rodríguez Catcher 1993 August 2, 2012 1 [79]
Pitcher 1995 — — [69]
Pitcher 2012 — — [80]
Euclides Rojas Pitcher 1994 — — [75]
José Julio Ruiz First baseman 2009 — — [81]
Alex Sánchez Outfielder 1994 June 15, 2001 7 [82]
Amauri Sanit Pitcher 2006 May 12, 2011 1 [83]
Juan Yasser Serrano Pitcher 2009 — — [84]
Misael Siverio Pitcher 2013 — — [85]
Alay Soler Pitcher 2003 May 24, 2006 1 [86]
Jorge Soler Outfielder 2011 August 27, 2014 8double-dagger [87]
Deinis Suárez Pitcher 2009 — — [88]
Michael Tejera Pitcher 1994 September 8, 1999 5 [58]
Jorge Toca First baseman 1998 September 12, 1999 3 [5][89]
Yasmany Tomás Outfielder 2014 April 4, 2015 4double-dagger [90]
Henry Urrutia Outfielder 2011 July 20, 2013 2double-dagger [91]
Raúl Valdés Pitcher 2003 April 11, 2010 5 [92]
Dayán Viciedo Outfielder 2008 June 20, 2010 5double-dagger [93]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c Weir, Tom (July 6, 2005). "USATODAY.com — Cuban ballplayers remember Garbey". Usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Talbott, Chris (September 12, 2007). "Defection no guarantee of success for Cuban baseball players in U.S. - USATODAY.com". Usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b "Proquest — Courant.com". Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. March 6, 1963. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Reading Eagle - Google News Archive Search
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f JAMES C. McKINLEY JrPublished: April 25, 1999 (April 25, 1999). "WHAT PRICE GLORY?: A special report.; Cuban Players Defect, but Often With a Cost — New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  6. ^ "With an array of skills, Cuban defector Leonys Martin nearly ready for Rangers | Dallasnews.com — News for Dallas, Texas — SportsDayDFW". Dallasnews.com. August 5, 2011. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  7. ^ "Red Sox Agree To Seven-Year Deal With Rusney Castillo". Weei.com. August 22, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  8. ^ "Source: White Sox have deal with Cuban slugger Abreu". MLB.com. October 18, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b "ESPN.com: MLB — Contreras agrees to $32M deal with Yankees". Static.espn.go.com. July 18, 2003. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  10. ^ Mark Sheldon (January 10, 2010). "Cuban star Chapman joins Reds | MLB.com: News". Mlb.mlb.com. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b "Life just beginning for Cuban pitching phenom Aroldis Chapman — ESPN". Sports.espn.go.com. November 1, 2009. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  12. ^ Ebro, Jorge (August 12, 2013). "El pelotero cubano José Dariel Abreu abandona la isla — Deportes" (in Spanish). ElNuevoHerald.com. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  13. ^ Curry, Jack (September 8, 2005). "Cuban Defector Finds Team, Ending an 18-Month Wait". The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b "Two top Cuban prospects near MLB free agency | MLB.com: News". Mlb.mlb.com. May 24, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  15. ^ "How the Houston Astros nabbed slugger Yordan Alvarez from the Dodgers". July 6, 2019.
  16. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Defector Declined Help Before — New York Times". Nytimes.com. November 10, 1996. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  17. ^ Jorge Ebro. "El cubano Leslie Anderson ya puede negociar con los equipos de Grandes Ligas — Deportes". ElNuevoHerald.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  18. ^ Nightengale, Bob (October 8, 2020). "After escaping Cuba, overcoming COVID, Randy Arozarena's performance shouldn't shock us". USA Today.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b Passan, Jeff (December 5, 2009). "Cuban Arguelles agrees to deal with Royals — MLB — Yahoo! Sports". Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  20. ^ "Defensive Wizard Erisbel Arruebarruena Leaves Cuba". BaseballAmerica.com. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  21. ^ Mandy Housenick (March 10, 2010). "Making a pitch for freedom — Morning Call". Articles.mcall.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  22. ^ "Angels sign Cuban infielder Roberto Baldoquin for $8 million — HardballTalk". nbcsports.com. November 4, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  23. ^ "Cuban catcher Bello cleared by MLB". Sportsnet.ca. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  24. ^ Bishop, Greg (March 15, 2007). "Mariners' Betancourt can't leave journey from Cuba behind". The Seattle Times. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
  25. ^ Baxter, Kevin (December 12, 2005). "Defector just looking for a chance: Cuban Bárbaro Cañizares, who is playing in Nicaragua, wants the opportunity to show he can play in the major leagues". Miami Herald. p. 3D. Retrieved April 12, 2013. (subscription required)
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b DDC. "Escapan los peloteros Daniel Carbonell (Camagüey) y Orlando Pérez (Industriales)". Diario de Cuba. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  27. ^ Evans, Jeff (August 7, 2008). "'O' what a relief". The Bakersfield Californian. p. D1. Retrieved March 27, 2014.(subscription required)
  28. ^ "Pitcher Diosdany Castillo Flees Cuba, Training in Mexico". Havana Times.org. August 29, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2014.
  29. ^ "Defection Of Top Cuban Outfielder Rusney Castillo Could Shake Up Free Agent Market". BaseballAmerica.com. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  30. ^ "NewsBank for PBP | www.palmbeachpost.com". Nl.newsbank.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  31. ^ "Céspedes brothers reunite, prepare for Majors".
  32. ^ Passan, Jeff. "Talented Cuban defector Cespedes is an odd sight — MLB — Yahoo! Sports". Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
  33. ^ "Cuban left-hander Gerardo Concepcion declared a free agent, player agent says". ESPN.com. ESPN. January 18, 2012. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
  34. ^ "Defected Cuban player might be joining his wife in U.S." princegeorgecitizen.com. August 23, 2013. Archived from the original on August 27, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  35. ^ "Odrisamer Despaigne, Cuban pitcher, defects while in Europe, according to report — ESPN". Espn.go.com. July 2, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  36. ^ Prest, Ashley (August 7, 2009). "And that one is... JUAN GONE!". Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  37. ^ Hoynes, Paul (March 18, 2017). "Straight out of Cuba: Yandy Diaz, Leandro Linares signed with Cleveland Indians after defecting together". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  38. ^ Glaser, Kyle (July 17, 2012). "Defecting for a chance: Mavs pitcher Elias left Cuba to chase dream of playing in MLB". vv.dailypress.com. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b Melissa Segura (April 28, 2008). "Growing up a street apart in Cuba, best friends Yunel - 04.28.08 - SI Vault". Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  40. ^ Rodriguez, Juan C. (April 2, 2013). "Miami Marlins: Top prospect Jose Fernandez credits personal pitching coach Orlando Chinea for speedy ascent to majors". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
  41. ^ "Charlotte: Search Results". July 31, 1995.
  42. ^ "Blog | Baseball America Prospects Blog | Adonis Garcia Not Eligible To Sign, Onelkis Garcia Still Waiting". Baseball America. September 2, 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
  43. ^ Badler, Ben (August 30, 2016). "Outfielder Jose Adolis Garcia Leaves Cuba". Baseball America. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  44. ^ "Dodgers' draft choice Onelki Garcia chasing a dream". June 15, 2012.
  45. ^ Jump up to: a b "Yadel Marti and Yasser Gomez defect from Cuba — ESPN". Sports.espn.go.com. December 29, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  46. ^ Hernandez, Dylan (June 6, 2013). "Dodgers eyeing Cuban pitcher Miguel Alfredo Gonzalez". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  47. ^ Jump up to: a b Strauss, Ben (February 8, 2016). "Star Brothers Are Apparently the Latest to Defect From Cuba". The New York Times. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
  48. ^ "Dodgers may be favorite for Cuban shortstop Alexander Guerrero | MLB.com: News". Mlb.mlb.com. July 23, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  49. ^ "Two Cubans playing in Caribbean Series defect". USA Today. February 4, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  50. ^ King, George A. (February 13, 2010). "Yankees target Cuban SS as Jeter's heir". NYPOST.com. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
  51. ^ "Baseball News — Adrian Hernandez defected from Cuba — Cuba Culture News". Havana Journal. March 10, 2004. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  52. ^ The Deseret News - Google News Archive Search
  53. ^ MURRAY CHASSPublished: December 31, 1997 (December 31, 1997). "BASEBALL; Brother of Hernandez, Hero of Series, Flees Cuba — New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  54. ^ "Herrera's next journey daunting, too — Pittsburgh Post-Gazette". Post-gazette.com. January 9, 2007. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  55. ^ "Right-handed pitcher Dalier Hinojosa of Cuba defects, petitioning MLB to become free agent | MLB.com: News". Mlb.mlb.com. June 18, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  56. ^ "Cuban second baseman Andy Ibanez defects to sign with MLB team — HardballTalk". October 27, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  57. ^ "Righthander Raisel Iglesias Leaves Cuba". BaseballAmerica.com. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  58. ^ Jump up to: a b "Three's Company / The Miami Herald — Cuba News / Noticias — CubaNet News". Cubanet.org. Archived from the original on May 24, 2005. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  59. ^ [1]
  60. ^ "Diamondbacks take calculated risk with Cuban right-hander Yoan Lopez".
  61. ^ "Foul Territory: Sources: Rangers attempting to sign Cuban outfielder". Sportsblogs.star-telegram.com. April 6, 2011. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
  62. ^ The Miami Herald. "Star pitcher Maya emigrates – illegally | Cuban Colada". Miamiherald.typepad.com. Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  63. ^ "Cuba News / The Miami Herald — CubaNet News — Noticias de Cuba / Cuba News". Cubanet.org. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  64. ^ The Day - Google News Archive Search
  65. ^ Rojas, Enrique (September 21, 2009). "Hitting on all cylinders, all shores". ESPNDeportes.com. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
  66. ^ "Top MLB International Prospects 2018".
  67. ^ "Yankees sign Yadil Mujica — River Avenue Blues". Riveraveblues.com. February 23, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
  68. ^ "Yankees prospect Ronnier Mustelier misses son after defecting from Cuba". Newsday. March 2, 2013. Retrieved August 6, 2018.
  69. ^ Jump up to: a b "Miami Herald: Search Results". October 19, 1995.
  70. ^ "Hector Olivera Leaves Cuba". BaseballAmerica.com. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  71. ^ "Escapa de Cuba el estelar pelotero Héctor Olivera". Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  72. ^ Jorge Ona, No. 6 Cuban Player, Leaves Cuba
  73. ^ "A Winning Team — Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com. July 16, 1996. Retrieved April 1, 2013.
  74. ^ "When Baseball Hits Home: Hassan Pena fled Cuba five years ago for a better life in the U.S." PennLive.com. July 26, 2010. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  75. ^ Jump up to: a b JENNIFER FREY (October 27, 2007). "Deceptive Practices : Prieto Played His Way Out of Cuba and Into the Major Leagues". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  76. ^ "Cuban outfielder Puig defects | MLB.com: News". Mlb.mlb.com. June 19, 2012. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  77. ^ Jump up to: a b Jimenez, Manuel (September 21, 2007). "Top Cuban baseball player defects". Reuters. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  78. ^ Juan Pérez (November 8, 2015). "Homepage of Victor Rivas, Cuban baseball player". Victor Rivas. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
  79. ^ Katz, Marc (June 5, 2007). "Daring escape brought Dragons catcher to America Cuban-born Eddy Rodriguez and his family crossed stormy seas on a small fishing boat in 1993". Dayton Daily News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2012. (subscription required)
  80. ^ "Yankees sign Cuban pitcher Omar Luis Rodriguez | HardballTalk". Hardballtalk.nbcsports.com. June 20, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  81. ^ "José Julio Ruiz más cerca de las Grandes Ligas | El Duque de Cuba". Elduke.wordpress.com. September 24, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
  82. ^ The Argus-Press - Google News Archive Search
  83. ^ "Texas Rangers to take swings at Cuban defector | Dallas Morning News". Rangersblog.dallasnews.com. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
  84. ^ "Cubs reach deal with Cuban prospect | MLB.com: News". Mlb.mlb.com. March 12, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  85. ^ "Misael Siverio, Cuban pitcher, tells newspaper he is defecting — ESPN". Espn.go.com. July 17, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  86. ^ Ortiz, Jorge L. (May 25, 2006). "USATODAY.com — Cubans off to good starts". Usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
  87. ^ "Chicago Cubs sign Cuban prospect Jorge Soler". Content.usatoday.com. November 28, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  88. ^ Arangure, Jorge. "La Esquina: On the workout of Deinys Suarez and Yuniesky Maya, as well as other news and notes — ESPN". Insider.espn.go.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  89. ^ MIREYA NAVARROPublished: March 22, 1998 (March 22, 1998). "Mystery of Missing Baseball Players From Cuba Is Deepening — New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  90. ^ "Power Hitter Yasmani Tomas Leaves Cuba — Baseball America". www.baseballamerica.com. June 20, 2013. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  91. ^ Dubroff, Rich. "Urrutia set to make impact with Orioles — Carroll County Times: Baltimore Orioles". Carroll County Times. Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
  92. ^ "New York Mets pitcher Raul Valdes has traveled a difficult path from Cuba to the majors — MLB — ESPN New York". Sports.espn.go.com. April 12, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  93. ^ Josh Alper %BloggerTitle% (June 9, 2008). "Dayan Viciedo Defects From Cuba but May Need To Wait a Year to Begin Playing in MLB". Aolnews.com. Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
Retrieved from ""