List of by-elections to the Auckland City Council
By-elections to the Auckland City Council occur to fill vacant seats in the City Council. The death, resignation, bankruptcy or expulsion of a sitting Councillor can cause a by-election to occur.
Background[]
Local by-elections usually had a lower turnout compared to full local body elections. A notorious example occurred in August 1961 when a vacancy triggered the second by-election in under a year which had a turnout of only 3.65% of voters, prompting Mayor Dove-Myer Robinson to label the light turnout "...absolutely disgraceful. By failing to exercise their democratic right the public is just asking Parliament to take away from them the right to vote".[1] By-elections on the city council were on occasion deferred if a substantial majority of the council agreed to fill the vacancy by appointment, resulting in the highest polling unsuccessful candidate at the previous election being appointed to the council unless there is a public demand for a poll to be held (known as extraordinary vacancies). This arrangement has happened several times such as in 1940 when Charles Bailey resigned his seat which was taken by Harry Butcher and March 1953 when Arthur Bailey died and his seat was taken by Bob Beechey.[2]
Two future Mayors of Auckland (John Allum and Dove-Myer Robinson) entered the council via by-elections in 1920 and 1952 respectively.
List of by-elections[]
1903–86[]
Between 1903 and 1986 municipal elections in Auckland were conducted at large. The following is a list of by-elections held to fill vacancies on the Auckland City Council at large:
Key
Independent | Labour | Citizens & Ratepayers | United Independents | Civic Reform |
Date | Incumbent | Cause | Winner | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1908 | Robert Stopford | Resignation | John Patterson | ||
1909 | Moncrieff Murray McCallum | Resignation | Ralph Thomas Michaels | ||
May 1910 | Lemuel Bagnall | Resignation | Henry Shaw | ||
Sep 1910 | Herbert Smeeton | Resignation | Jonathan Trevethick | ||
1920 | Ernest Davis | Resignation | John Allum | ||
Andrew Entrican | George Hutchison | ||||
1921 | Patrick Nerheny | Death | George Davis | ||
Apr 1922 | Harold Dennett Heather | Death | Alfred Lawry | ||
Peter Mitchell Mackay | Samuel Crookes | ||||
Oct 1922 | Horatio Bagnall | Death | Christopher Furness | ||
1928 | Frederick Brinsden | Death | Tom Bloodworth | ||
1936 | John William Yarnall | Death | Jim Purtell | ||
1938 | George Richardson | Death | Charles Bailey | ||
1952 | Howard Hunter | Expulsion | Dove-Myer Robinson | ||
1954 | Fred Ambler | Expulsion | Fred Ambler | ||
Bruce Barnett | Resignation | Val Chapman | |||
1957 | Keith Buttle | Resignation | Wilfred Fortune | ||
1958 | Howard Hunter | Death | Charlie Passmore | ||
Feb 1961 | James Neil Bradley | Death | Val Chapman | ||
Aug 1961 | Mary Dreaver | Death | Howard Jeffreys | ||
1963 | Tom Pearce | Expulsion | Tom Pearce | ||
Fred de Malmanche | Resignation | William Grant-Mackie | |||
1979 | Bill Barrett | Death | Richard Northey |
1986–2010[]
Between 1986 and 2010 municipal elections in Auckland were held via a Wards system of local electoral districts.[3] The following is a list of by-elections held to fill vacancies on the Auckland City Council under the ward system:
Key
Independent | Citizens & Ratepayers | Alliance |
Ward | Date | Incumbent | Cause | Winner | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Avondale | 1987 | Barry Donovan | Death | Brian Maude | ||
Central | 1988 | Harold Goodman | Death | Sue Corbett | ||
Maungakiekie | 1991 | Grahame Thorne | Resignation | Ken Graham | ||
Hauraki Gulf Islands | 1994 | Sandra Lee | Resignation | Gordon Hodson | ||
Avondale-Roskill | 2000 | Phil Raffills | Death | Noelene Raffills | ||
Avondale-Roskill | 2008 | Linda Leighton | Death | John Lister |
Results[]
1908 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens | John Patterson | 1,461 | 40.78 | +6.41 | |
Independent | George Read | 966 | 26.96 | ||
Independent | George Gregory | 612 | 17.08 | +0.75 | |
Independent | Samuel White | 242 | 6.75 | ||
Ind. Labour League | William Rowland | 217 | 6.05 | -7.29 | |
Independent | Rupert Mantell | 40 | 1.11 | ||
Informal votes | 44 | 1.22 | |||
Majority | 495 | 13.81 | |||
Turnout | 3,582 | 17.90 | -21.20 |
1909 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens | Ralph Thomas Michaels | 1,436 | 51.98 | +11.76 | |
Independent | John Mitchell | 738 | 26.34 | ||
Ind. Labour League | Thomas Walsh | 314 | 11.21 | ||
Independent | William Black | 194 | 6.92 | -9.13 | |
Independent | Joseph George Haddow | 39 | 6.92 | ||
Informal votes | 80 | 2.85 | |||
Majority | 718 | 25.63 | |||
Turnout | 2,801 | 14.36 |
May 1910 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens | Henry Shaw | 1,662 | 54.94 | +7.83 | |
Independent | Ernest William Burton | 828 | 27.37 | ||
Independent | William Richardson | 318 | 10.51 | ||
Independent | Thomas Harkins | 201 | 6.64 | ||
Informal votes | 16 | 0.52 | |||
Majority | 834 | 27.57 | |||
Turnout | 3,025 | 15.92 |
September 1910 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens | Jonathan Trevethick | 1,420 | 60.68 | ||
Independent | Ernest William Burton | 902 | 38.54 | +11.17 | |
Informal votes | 18 | 0.76 | |||
Majority | 518 | 22.13 | |||
Turnout | 2,340 | 12.31 |
1920 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Progressive Citizens' | George Hutchinson | 3,495 | 67.93 | ||
Progressive Citizens' | John Allum | 3,115 | 60.54 | ||
Independent | James Dickson | 2,568 | 49.91 | ||
Labour | Ted Phelan | 2,316 | 45.01 | +7.00 | |
Labour | Oscar McBrine | 2,222 | 43.18 | +8.15 | |
Informal votes | 70 | 1.36 | |||
Majority | 547 | 10.63 | |||
Turnout | 5,145 |
1921 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | George Davis | 1,205 | 47.57 | +7.70 | |
Progressive Citizens' | Eric Inder | 1,186 | 46.82 | +1.03 | |
Independent | Ernest Clark | 142 | 5.60 | ||
Majority | 19 | 0.75 | |||
Turnout | 2,533 |
April 1922 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Progressive Citizens' | Alfred Lawry | 3,286 | 30.28 | ||
Progressive Citizens' | Samuel Crookes | 3,246 | 29.91 | ||
Labour | Ted Phelan | 2,245 | 20.68 | -13.60 | |
Labour | Richard Barter | 2,075 | 19.12 | -7.77 | |
Majority | 1,001 | 9.22 | |||
Turnout | 5,426 | 15.10 |
October 1922 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Christopher H. Furness | 1,984 | 37.99 | ||
Progressive Citizens' | Dick Thompson | 1,657 | 31.73 | ||
Labour | Jeremiah James Sullivan | 1,581 | 30.27 | ||
Majority | 327 | 6.26 | |||
Turnout | 5,222 | 14.50 |
1928 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Tom Bloodworth | 4,350 | 55.56 | +21.63 | |
Progressive Citizens' | John Lundon | 2,870 | 36.65 | +7.26 | |
Independent | Harold Schmidt | 693 | 8.85 | +0.82 | |
Majority | 1,480 | 18.90 | |||
Turnout | 7,829 | 19.18 |
1936 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Jim Purtell | 4,146 | 59.42 | +18.16 | |
Citizens & Ratepayers | William Lang Casey | 2,233 | 32.00 | ||
Independent | James Payne | 543 | 7.78 | +2.02 | |
Informal votes | 55 | 0.78 | |||
Majority | 1,913 | 27.41 | |||
Turnout | 6,977 |
1938 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Charles Bailey | 11,434 | 51.32 | +16.36 | |
Citizens & Ratepayers | Harry Butcher | 10,758 | 48.28 | +6.02 | |
Informal votes | 87 | 0.39 | |||
Majority | 676 | 3.03 | |||
Turnout | 22,279 |
1952 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Dove-Myer Robinson | 4,874 | 45.21 | ||
Labour | Richard Wrathall | 3,761 | 34.89 | +0.73 | |
Citizens & Ratepayers | Aubrey Tronson | 2,144 | 19.89 | -14.95 | |
Majority | 1,113 | 10.32 | |||
Turnout | 10,779 | 11.42 |
1954 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens & Ratepayers | Fred Ambler | 4,523 | 29.13 | -13.48 | |
United Independents | Val Chapman | 3,816 | 24.58 | ||
Labour | Edith Williams | 3,127 | 20.14 | -7.74 | |
Labour | Ronald Akersten | 2,901 | 18.68 | -10.94 | |
Independent | George Mullenger | 1,139 | 7.33 | +1.17 | |
Informal votes | 17 | 0.10 | |||
Majority | 689 | 4.43 | |||
Turnout | 15,523 | 16.38 |
1957 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens & Ratepayers | Wilfred Fortune | 3,675 | 39.20 | ||
Labour | William Grant-Mackie | 2,011 | 21.45 | -9.66 | |
United Independents | Frederick Johnston | 1,248 | 13.31 | -16.10 | |
Independent | Roy Turner | 832 | 8.87 | ||
Independent | Charles Fisher | 518 | 5.52 | -21.42 | |
Independent | Mary Dawson-Wright | 445 | 4.74 | ||
Independent | Richard Armstrong | 327 | 3.48 | ||
Independent | George Mullenger | 304 | 3.24 | ||
Informal votes | 13 | 0.13 | |||
Majority | 1,664 | 17.75 | |||
Turnout | 9,373 |
1958 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens & Ratepayers | Charlie Passmore | 2,431 | 41.23 | ||
Labour | William Grant-Mackie | 1,473 | 24.98 | +3.53 | |
Independent | Roy Turner | 989 | 16.77 | +7.90 | |
United Independents | Frederick Johnston | 975 | 16.53 | +3.22 | |
Informal votes | 27 | 0.45 | +0.32 | ||
Majority | 958 | 16.25 | |||
Turnout | 5,895 |
February 1961 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Civic Reform | Val Chapman | 2,475 | 56.14 | ||
Independent | Cecil Paine | 460 | 10.43 | ||
Communist | Rita Smith | 380 | 8.62 | ||
Independent | Raymond Barker | 339 | 7.69 | ||
Independent | Mary Dawson-Wright | 267 | 6.05 | ||
Independent | George Mullenger | 251 | 5.69 | ||
Independent | Harold Barry | 236 | 5.35 | ||
Majority | 2,015 | 45.71 | |||
Turnout | 4,408 | 5.80 |
August 1961 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Howard Jeffreys | 2,203 | 84.86 | +51.02 | |
Communist | Rita Smith | 341 | 13.13 | +4.51 | |
Informal votes | 52 | 2.00 | |||
Majority | 1,862 | 71.72 | |||
Turnout | 2,596 | 3.65 |
1963 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens & Ratepayers | Tom Pearce | 2,766 | 27.64 | -9.14 | |
Civic Reform | William Grant-Mackie | 2,672 | 26.70 | -6.54 | |
Citizens & Ratepayers | Clifton Keegan | 2,517 | 25.15 | -9.89 | |
Labour | Thomas Price | 1,205 | 12.04 | -7.13 | |
Communist | Bill Andersen | 454 | 4.53 | -14.82 | |
Communist | George Jackson | 363 | 3.62 | -5.36 | |
Informal votes | 27 | 0.26 | |||
Majority | 155 | 1.54 | |||
Turnout | 10,004 | 12.50 |
1979 by-election[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Richard Northey | 2,798 | 41.20 | +6.89 | |
Citizens & Ratepayers | Kevin Ryan | 1,538 | 22.64 | ||
Independent | Bute Hewes | 1,386 | 20.40 | ||
Independent | Phil Warren | 595 | 8.76 | ||
Independent | Matthew Connor | 264 | 3.88 | -13.95 | |
Cheer Up | Vince Terreni | 210 | 3.09 | ||
Majority | 1,260 | 18.55 | |||
Turnout | 6,791 |
1987 by-election, Avondale Ward[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Brian Maude | 1,612 | 38.65 | ||
Independent | Jan Grefstad | 896 | 21.48 | ||
Citizens & Ratepayers | Sefulu Ioane | 849 | 20.35 | ||
Labour | Nora Rameka | 813 | 19.49 | ||
Majority | 716 | 17.17 | |||
Turnout | 4,170 |
1988 by-election, Central Ward[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens & Ratepayers | Sue Corbett | 1,172 | 32.82 | ||
Independent | Ross Baxter | 969 | 27.14 | ||
Independent | Peter Boys | 732 | 20.50 | ||
Independent | Peter Beyer | 419 | 11.73 | ||
Independent | Alan Clay | 144 | 4.03 | ||
Independent | Raymond Hyams | 134 | 3.75 | ||
Majority | 203 | 5.68 | |||
Turnout | 3,570 | 28.38 |
1991 by-election, Maungakiekie Ward[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens & Ratepayers | Ken Graham | 3,536 | 37.70 | ||
Labour | Richard Northey | 1,723 | 18.37 | ||
Green | Laurie Ross | 1,507 | 16.07 | ||
Independent | Peter Boys | 1,356 | 14.46 | ||
Independent | Andrew Stanley | 1,255 | 13.38 | ||
Majority | 1,813 | 19.33 | |||
Turnout | 9,377 |
1994 by-election, Hauraki Gulf Islands Ward[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Gordon Hodson | 964 | 33.42 | ||
Independent | Greg Davenport | 845 | 29.29 | ||
Independent | Robert Shadbolt | 274 | 9.50 | ||
Independent | Bruce Marx | 261 | 9.04 | ||
Community Independent | Peta Dubbelman | 172 | 5.96 | ||
Independent | Robyn Storey | 136 | 4.71 | ||
Independent | Ian Andrews | 102 | 3.53 | ||
Independent | John Cranstoun | 66 | 2.28 | ||
Independent | Frederick Boric | 64 | 2.21 | ||
Majority | 119 | 4.12 | |||
Turnout | 2,884 |
2000 by-election, Avondale/Roskill Ward[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens & Ratepayers | Noelene Raffills | 7,041 | 35.48 | ||
Independent | Penny Bright | 6,273 | 31.61 | ||
City Vision | Doug Mansill | 2,396 | 12.07 | ||
Independent | Kathy Henderson | 1,829 | 9.21 | ||
Independent | Duncan McDonald | 1,454 | 7.32 | ||
Independent | Jan Grefsted | 851 | 4.28 | ||
Majority | 768 | 3.87 | |||
Turnout | 19,844 | 36.33 |
2008 by-election, Avondale/Roskill Ward[]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Citizens & Ratepayers | John Lister | 4,710 | 29.01 | ||
City Vision | Catherine Farmer | 4,296 | 26.46 | ||
Independent | Paul Davie | 2,637 | 16.24 | ||
Independent | Feleti Key | 1,641 | 10.11 | ||
Independent | Mohammad Tauqir Khan | 1,063 | 6.54 | ||
Independent | Gillian Bagnall | 719 | 4.42 | ||
Independent | John Williams | 569 | 3.50 | ||
Majority | 414 | 2.55 | |||
Turnout | 16,231 | 26.10 |
Notes[]
- ^ "Labour Man Wins Seat on Council". The New Zealand Herald. 28 August 1961. p. 3.
- ^ Bush 1971, pp. 585–6.
- ^ "Local elections on ward basis". The Evening Post. 9 October 1984.
- ^ "Election of Councillor". Observer. Vol. XXVIII, no. 30. 11 April 1908. p. 18. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ "Election of Councillor". Observer. Vol. XXX, no. 6. 23 October 1909. p. 17. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
- ^ "Election of Councillor". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. XLVII, no. 14374. 19 May 1910. p. 10. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ "Election of Councillor". Observer. Vol. XXX, no. 52. 10 September 1910. p. 9. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ "Declaration of Poll". Observer. Vol. XLI, no. 13. 27 November 1920. p. 18. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ^ "Electoral". Auckland Star. Vol. LII, no. 305. 23 December 1921. p. 6. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ "Council by-election". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LIX, no. 18077. 29 April 1922. p. 8. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
- ^ "City by-election". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LIX, no. 18231. 26 October 1922. p. 6. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
- ^ "City by-election". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXV, no. 20098. 8 November 1928. p. 10. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
- ^ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXXIII, no. 22432. 30 May 1936. p. 8. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
- ^ "By-election". Auckland Star. Vol. LXIX, no. 159. 8 July 1938. p. 5. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
- ^ "Mr Robinson Wins City Council Seat". The New Zealand Herald. 7 April 1952.
- ^ "Declaration of Poll". The New Zealand Herald. 21 October 1954. p. 6.
- ^ "Final Figures Little Changed". The New Zealand Herald. 18 December 1957. p. 14.
- ^ "Mr Passmore Wins Council Seat". The New Zealand Herald. 6 October 1958. p. 10.
- ^ "Declaration of Result of Poll". The New Zealand Herald. 8 February 1961. p. 15.
- ^ "Declaration of Result of Poll". The New Zealand Herald. 30 August 1961. p. 11.
- ^ "Declaration of Result of Poll". The New Zealand Herald. 24 April 1963. p. 15.
- ^ "Declaration of Result of Election". The New Zealand Herald. 12 February 1979. p. 17.
- ^ Bush 1991, pp. 443.
- ^ Russell, Alexia (14 November 1988). "Corbett Wins Council Seat". The New Zealand Herald. p. 3.
- ^ Bassett 2013, pp. 382.
- ^ "Lee ally wins her seat on city council". The New Zealand Herald. 30 May 1994. p. 10.
- ^ Bassett 2013, pp. 386.
- ^ "New councillor elected for Avondale/Roskill ward". Scoop.co.nz. 9 April 2008.
References[]
- Bassett, Michael (2013). City of sails: the history of Auckland City Council, 1989–2010. ISBN 1927262003.
- Bush, Graham (1991). Advance in order: the Auckland City Council from centenary to reorganisation, 1971-1989. Auckland City Council. ISBN 0908834039.
- Bush, Graham (1971). Decently and in order: the Government of the City of Auckland, 1840-1971. Auckland City Council. ISBN 9780002111676.
- Politics of the Auckland Region
- By-elections in New Zealand
- Lists of by-elections
- New Zealand politics-related lists