List of cacao diseases
Like other crops cocoa can be attacked by a number of pest species including fungal diseases, insects and rodents - some of which (e.g. frosty pod rot and cocoa pod borer) have increased dramatically in geographical range and are sometimes described as "invasive species".[1]
Bacterial diseases[]
Bacterial diseases | ||
---|---|---|
Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (artificial inoculations) | ![]() |
Stripe | Pectobacterium carotovorum | ![]() |
Fungal diseases[]
Fungal and Oomycete diseases | |
---|---|
Anthracnose | Glomerella cingulata |
Armillaria root rot | Armillaria mellea |
Black pod disease |
Phytophthora capsici |
Black root | |
Brown root | Phellinus noxius |
Canker |
Phytophthora citrophthora |
Ceratocystis wilt |
Ceratocystis cacaofunesta |
Collar crack |
Armillariella mellea |
Collar rot | Ustulina deusta |
Cushion gall (green-point gall) |
Nectria rigidiuscula |
Dieback | Physiological, stress induced, more than 80 fungal species associated with this syndrome |
Frosty pod | Moniliophthora roreri |
Horse hair blight | Crinipellis sarmentosa |
Lasiodiplodia pod rot |
Lasiodiplodia theobromae |
Leaf anthracnose | Colletotrichum spp. |
Macrophoma pod rot | Macrophoma spp. |
Moniliophthora pod rot | Moniliophthora roreri |
Phytophthora pod rot |
Phytophthora capsici |
Pink disease | Erythricium salmonicolor |
Sudden death | |
Thread blight | |
Trachysphaera pot rot (mealy pod) | Trachysphaera fructigena |
Vascular streak dieback | Oncobasidium theobromae |
Violet root rot |
Nectria mauritiicola |
Wet root rot | Ganoderma philippii |
White root rot |
Rigidoporus microporus |
White thread | Marasmiellus scandens |
Witch's broom | Moniliophthora perniciosa |
Miscellaneous diseases[]
Miscellaneous diseases | ||
---|---|---|
Algal disease | Cephaleuros virescens | ![]() |
Physiological, no specific pathogen involved |
Nematodes, parasitic[]
Nematodes, parasitic | |||
---|---|---|---|
Awl nematode | Dolichodorus spp. | ||
Cyst nematode | Heterodera spp. | ![]() | |
Dagger nematode | Xiphinema spp. | ![]() | |
Lesion nematode | Pratylenchus spp. | ![]() | |
Reniform nematode | Rotylenchulus spp. | ![]() | |
Ring nematode | Hoplolaimus spp. | ||
Root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne spp. | ![]() | |
Spiral nematode | Helicotylenchus spp. | ![]() | |
Stubby root nematode | Trichodorus spp. | ![]() |
Parasitic plants[]
Mistletoes | |
---|---|
Dendrophthora spp. | ![]() |
Loranthus spp. | ![]() |
Oryctanthus spp. | ![]() |
Phoradendron spp. | ![]() |
Phthirusa spp. | ![]() |
Tapinanthus spp. | ![]() |
Viral and viroid diseases[]
Viral and viroid diseases | ||
---|---|---|
Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) | ![]() | |
Cacao yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) | ||
Cocoa necrosis virus (CNV) |
References[]
- ^ "The World's Worst Cocoa Problems". www.dropdata.org. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
- Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society
- IPARC Guide to cocoa pests and their management.
- Cacao diseases
- Cocoa production
- Lists of plant diseases