List of common trees and shrubs of Sri Lanka

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Part of a series on
Wildlife of Sri Lanka
Pigeon Island National Park
Protected areas
Protected areas of Sri Lanka
National parks
Biosphere reserves
Sanctuaries
Flora and fauna
Vertebrates

Birds (Endemics) · Mammals (Endemics) · Amphibians · Reptiles · Freshwater fish · Introduced fish · Cartilage fish · Commercial fish
Invertebrates
Butterflies · Beetles · Moths · Dipterans · Mosquitoes · Hymenopterans · Orthopterans · Cockroaches · Termites · Earwigs · Lacewings · Phasmid · Hemiptera · Mantids · Minor insects · Bees · Odonates · Aphids · Ants · Freshwater crabs · Non-marine molluscs · Myriapods · Spiders · Tarantulas · Scorpions · Hard ticks · Mites · Isopods · Pseudoscorpions · Lesser arachnids · Echinoderms ·
Flora
Trees · Mangroves ·

Pteridophytes
Gardens
Zoological gardens
Pinnawela Elephant Orphanage
Dehiwala Zoo
Pinnawala Open Zoo
Ridiyagama Safari Park
Botanical gardens
Hakgala · Henarathgoda · Mirijjawila · Peradeniya · Seetawaka
Organizations
Authorities
Department of Forest Conservation
Department of Wildlife Conservation
Civil societies
Field Ornithology Group
Related topics
Deforestation · Ecoregions
Tourism
  • v
  • t
Location of Sri Lanka

The common trees and shrubs of Sri Lanka are a part of the diverse plant wildlife of Sri Lanka.

The following list provides the 704 species of common trees and shrubs of flora of Sri Lanka under 95 families. The list is according to A Field Guide to the Common Trees and Shrubs of Sri Lanka, by Mark Ashton, Savitri Gunatilleke, Neela de Zoysa, M.D. Dassanayake, Nimal Gunatilleke and Siril Wijesundera.[1]

Native species are denoted as (N), Introduced species as (I)

Division: Pteridophyta[]

Family: Cyatheaceae - Scaly tree ferns[]

  • Cyathea crinita - N
  • Cyathea gigantea - N
  • Cyathea hookeri - Endemic
  • Cyathea sinuata - N
  • Cyathea walkerae - N

Division: Cycadophyta[]

Family: Cycadaceae - Queen Sago[]

  • Cycas circinalis - N

Division: Pinophyta[]

Family: Araucariaceae - Araucarians[]

  • Agathis robusta - I
  • Araucaria bidwillii - I
  • Araucaria cookii - I
  • Araucaria cunninghamii - I

Family: Cupressaceae - Cypresses[]

  • Cupressus macrocarpa - I
  • Cupressus torulosa - I

Family: Pinaceae - Pines[]

  • Pinus caribaea - I
  • Pinus patula - I

Division: Anthophyta[]

Subdivision: Monocotyledons[]

Family: Asparagaceae[]

  • Dracaena fragrans - I
  • Dracaena reflexa - I

Family: Poaceae‡ - Grasses[]

Family: Musaceae - Bananas[]

  • Musa balbisiana - N

Family: Strelitziaceae - Traveller's palm[]

  • Ravenala madagascariensis - I

Family: Arecaceae - Palm trees[]

Family: Pandanaceae - Screw palms[]

Division: Anthophyta[]

Subdivision: Magnoliids[]

Family: Acanthaceae - Acanthus[]

  • Acanthus ilicifolius - N
  • Avicennia marina - N
  • Avicennia officinalis - N
  • Barleria mysorensis - N
  • Barleria prionitis - N
  • Ecbolium viride - N
  • Justicia adhatoda - N
  • Pseuderanthemum carruthersii - N
  • Pseuderanthemum reticulatum - I
  • Rhinacanthus nasutus - N
  • - N
  • - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • - Endemic

Family: Annonaceae - Custard apples[]

  • Alphonsea hortensis - Endemic
  • Alphonsea sclerocarpa - N
  • Alphonsea zeylanica - Endemic
  • Annona cherimola - I
  • Annona glabra - I
  • Annona muricata - I
  • Annona reticulata - I
  • Annona squamosa - I
  • Cananga odorata - I
  • Cyathocalyx zeylanicus - N
  • Desmos zeylanicus - N
  • Goniothalamus gardneri - Endemic
  • Goniothalamus hookeri - Endemic
  • Goniothalamus thwaitesii - N
  • Miliusa indica - N
  • Polyalthia cerasoides - N
  • Polyalthia coffeoides - N
  • Polyalthia korinti - N
  • Polyalthia longifolia - N
  • Xylopia championii - Endemic
  • Xylopia nigricans - Endemic

Family: Magnoliaceae - Magnolias[]

  • Magnolia champaca - I
  • Magnolia nilagirica - N

Family: Monimiaceae[]

Family: Myristicaceae - Nutmegs[]

Division: Anthophyta[]

Subdivision: Dicotyledons[]

Family: Anacardiaceae - Cashews[]

  • Anacardium occidentale - I
  • Campnosperma zeylanicum - Endemic
  • Lannea coromandelica - N
  • Mangifera indica - I
  • Mangifera zeylanica - Endemic
  • Nothopegia beddomei - N
  • Semecarpus coriacea - Endemic
  • Semecarpus gardneri - Endemic
  • Semecarpus nigro-viridis - Endemic
  • Semecarpus subpeltata - Endemic
  • Semecarpus walkeri - Endemic
  • Spondias dulcis - I

Family: Anisophylleaceae[]

  • Anisophyllea cinnamomoides - Endemic

Family: Apocynaceae - Dogbanes[]

  • Allamanda cathartica - I
  • Alstonia macrophylla - I
  • Alstonia scholaris - N
  • Calotropis gigantea - N
  • Carissa carandas - N
  • Carissa grandiflora - I
  • Carissa spinarum - N
  • Cerbera odollam - N
  • Nerium oleander - I
  • Plumeria obtusa - I
  • Plumeria rubra - I
  • Rauvolfia serpentina - N
  • Rauvolfia verticillata - N (Syn. Rauvolfia densiflora)
  • Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia - N (Syn. Pagiantha dichotoma)
  • Tabernaemontana divaricata - I
  • Thevetia peruviana - I
  • Wrightia angustifolia - Endemic
  • Wrightia antidysenterica - Endemic (Syn. Walidda antidysenterica)
  • Wrightia flavorosea - Probably extinct

Family: Aquifoliaceae - Hollys[]

Family: Araliaceae[]

Family: Aristolochiaceae - Birthworts[]

  • Thottea siliquosa - N

Family: Asteraceae - Composites[]

  • Tithonia diversifolia - I
  • Vernonia arborea - N

Family: Bignoniaceae - Bignonias[]

  • Crescentia cujete - I
  • Dolichandrone spathacea - N
  • Jacaranda mimosifolia - I
  • Oroxylum indicum - N
  • Spathodea campanulata - I
  • Stereospermum colais - N
  • Tabebuia rosea - I
  • Tabebuia serratifolia - I
  • Tecoma stans - I

Family: Bixaceae - Achiotes[]

Family: Boraginaceae - Forget-me-nots[]

  • Carmona retusa - N
  • Cordia curassavica - I
  • Cordia dichotoma - N
  • Cordia monoica - N
  • Cordia sinensis - N
  • Cordia subcordata - N
  • Ehretia laevis - N
  • Tournefortia argentea - N

Family: Boraginaceae[]

Family: Buxaceae[]

Family: Calophyllaceae - Chestnuts[]

  • Calophyllum bracteatum - Endemic
  • Calophyllum calaba - Endemic
  • Calophyllum inophyllum - N
  • Calophyllum thwaitesii - Endemic
  • Calophyllum walkeri - Endemic
  • Mesua ferrea - Endemic
  • Mesua thwaitesii - Endemic

Family: Cannabaceae[]

Family: Capparaceae - Capers[]

Family: Caricaceae - Papayas[]

  • Carica papaya - I

Family: Casuarinaceae - Sheoaks[]

  • Casuarina equisetifolia - I

Family: Celastraceae - Bittersweets[]

Family: Centroplacaceae[]

  • Bhesa ceylanica - Endemic
  • Cassine glauca - Endemic
  • Euonymus walkeri - Endemic
  • Pleurostylia opposite - N

Family: Chloranthaceae[]

  • Sarcandra glabra - N

Family: Clusiaceae[]

Family: Combretaceae - White mangroves[]

  • Anogeissus latifolia - N
  • Lumnitzera racemosa - N
  • Terminalia arjuna - N
  • Terminalia bellirica - N
  • Terminalia catappa - I
  • Terminalia chebula - N

Family: Connaraceae[]

  • Connarus monocarpus - N

Family: Cornaceae[]

  • Mastixia arborea - N
  • Mastixia tetrandra - Endemic

Family: Crypteroniaceae[]

  • Axinandra zeylanica - Endemic

Family: Daphniphyllaceae[]

Family: Dichapetalaceae[]

Family: Dilleniaceae[]

Family: Dipterocarpaceae - Dipterocarps[]

Family: Ebenaceae - Ebonys[]

Family: Elaeocarpaceae[]

Family: Ericaceae - Heathers[]

Family: Erythroxylaceae[]

Family: Euphorbiaceae - Spurges[]

Family: Fabaceae - Legumes[]

  • Abrus precatorius - N
  • Acacia decurrens - I
  • Acacia mangium - I
  • Acacia melanoxylon - I
  • Acacia planifrons - N
  • Adenanthera pavonina - I
  • Albizia lebbeck - I
  • Albizia odoratissima - N
  • Albizia saman - I
  • Archidendron bigeminum - N
  • Archidendron clypearia subsp. subcoriaceum - N
  • Bauhinia tomentosa - N
  • Butea monosperma - N
  • Calliandra guildingii - I
  • Caesalpinia pulcherrima - I
  • Cassia fistula - N
  • Cassia javanica - I
  • Cassia roxburghii - N
  • Crudia zeylanica - E
  • Delonix regia - I
  • Dendrolobium triangulare - N (syn. Desmodium umbellatum Moritz.)
  • Dialium ovoideum - Endemic
  • Dichrostachys cinerea - N
  • Erythrina fusca - N
  • Erythrina variegata - N
  • Falcataria moluccana - I (syn. Albizia falcataria)
  • Flemingia macrophylla - N
  • Flemingia strobilifera - N
  • Gliricidia sepium - I
  • Humboldtia laurifolia - N
  • Leucaena leucocephala - I
  • Millettia pinnata - N
  • Parkinsonia aculeata - I
  • Peltophorum pterocarpum - N
  • Pericopsis mooniana - N
  • Phanera variegata - I
  • Bauhinia racemosa - N (syn. Piliostigma racemosum)
  • Pithecellobium dulce - I
  • Pterocarpus indicus - I
  • Pterocarpus marsupium - N
  • Saraca asoca - N
  • Senna auriculata - N
  • Senna siamea - N
  • Senna spectabilis - N
  • Sesbania grandiflora - I
  • Sophora tomentosa - I
  • Tadehagi triquetrum - I
  • Tamarindus indica - I
  • Vachellia leucophloea - I

Family: Gentianaceae[]

Family: Goodeniaceae[]

  • Scaevola taccada - N

Family: Hernandiaceae[]

  • Gyrocarpus americanus - N

Family: Icacinaceae[]

  • Apodytes dimidiata - N

Family: Lamiaceae - Sages[]

  • Callicarpa tomentosa - N
  • Volkameria inermis - N (syn. Clerodendrum inerme)
  • Clerodendrum infortunatum - N
  • Clerodendrum paniculatum - N
  • Rotheca serrata - N (syn. Clerodendrum serratum)
  • Gmelina arborea - I
  • Tectona grandis - I
  • Vitex altissima - N
  • Vitex leucoxylon - N
  • Vitex negundo - N
  • Vitex trifolia - N

Family: Lauraceae - Laurels[]

Family: Lecythidaceae[]

  • Barringtonia acutangula - N
  • Barringtonia asiatica - N
  • Barringtonia racemosa - N
  • Careya arborea - N
  • Couroupita guianensis - I

Family: Loganiaceae[]

  • Strychnos nux-vomica - N

Family: Lythraceae[]

Family: Malvaceae - Mallows[]

Family: Melastomataceae[]

Family: Meliaceae - Mahoganys[]

  • Aglaia apiocarpa - N
  • Aglaia elaeagnoidea - N
  • Aphanamixis polystachya - N
  • Azadirachta indica - N
  • Chukrasia tabularis - N
  • Cipadessa baccifera - N
  • Dysoxylum gotadhora - N (syn. Dysoxylum ficiforme)
  • Dysoxylum championii - N
  • Melia azedarach - N
  • Swietenia macrophylla - I
  • Swietenia mahagoni - I
  • Toona ciliata - I
  • Toona sinensis - I
  • Heynea trifolia - N (syn. Walsura trifoliolata)

Family: Moraceae - Figs[]

  • Artocarpus altilis - I
  • Artocarpus heterophyllus - I
  • Artocarpus nobilis - Endemic
  • Castilla elastica - I
  • Ficus benghalensis - I
  • Ficus benjamina - I
  • Ficus elastica - I
  • Ficus exasperata - N
  • Ficus fergusonii - Endemic
  • Ficus hispida - N
  • Ficus microcarpa - N
  • Ficus nervosa - N
  • Ficus racemosa - N
  • Ficus religiosa - I
  • Ficus tinctoria - N
  • Ficus tsjahela - N
  • Ficus virens - N
  • Morus alba - I
  • Streblus asper - N

Family: Moringaceae - Drumsticks[]

  • Moringa oleifera - I

Family: Muntingiaceae[]

  • Muntingia calabura - I

Family: Myrtaceae - Myrtles[]

  • Eucalyptus camaldulensis - I
  • Eucalyptus globulus - I
  • Eucalyptus grandis - I
  • Eucalyptus microcorys - I
  • Eucalyptus pilularis - I
  • Eucalyptus robusta - I
  • Eugenia mabaeoides - Endemic
  • Eugenia mooniana - N (syn. Eugenia thwaitesii)
  • Eugenia roxburghii - N (syn. Eugenia bracteata)
  • Psidium guajava - I
  • Psidium guineense - I
  • Psidium littorale - I
  • Rhodomyrtus tomentosa - N
  • Syzygium aqueum - N
  • Syzygium aromaticum - I
  • - N
  • Syzygium caryophyllatum - N
  • Syzygium cordifolium - Endemic
  • Syzygium cumini - N
  • - N
  • Syzygium jambos - I
  • Syzygium makul - Endemic
  • - I
  • Syzygium micranthum - Endemic
  • Syzygium neesianum - Endemic
  • Syzygium oliganthum - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • Syzygium revolutum - N
  • Syzygium rotundifolium - Endemic
  • - N
  • Syzygium spathulatum - Endemic
  • Syzygium umbrosum - Endemic
  • Syzygium zeylanicum - N

Family: Nyctaginaceae - Four o'clocks[]

Family: Ochnaceae[]

Family: Olacaceae[]

Family: Oleaceae - Olives[]

Family: Pentaphylacaceae[]

Family: Phyllanthaceae[]

  • Actephila excelsa - Endemic
  • Antidesma alexiteria - N
  • Antidesma jayasuriyae - Endemic
  • Antidesma pyrifolium - Endemic
  • Antidesma puncticulatum - N
  • Aporosa cardiosperma - Endemic
  • Aporosa fusiformis - Endemic
  • Aporosa lanceolata - Endemic
  • Aporosa latifolia - Endemic
  • Breynia retusa - N
  • Breynia vitis-idaea - N
  • Bridelia moonii - Endemic
  • Bridelia retusa - N
  • - N
  • Glochidion gardneri - Endemic
  • Glochidion moonii - Endemic
  • Glochidion stellatum - Endemic
  • - N
  • Phyllanthus acidus - I
  • Phyllanthus emblica - N
  • - N
  • Phyllanthus myrtifolius - Endemic
  • - N
  • Phyllanthus reticulatus - N
  • Sauropus androgynus - N

Family: Pittosporaceae[]

Family: Primulaceae - Primroses[]

Family: Proteaceae[]

  • Grevillea robusta - I

Family: Putranjivaceae[]

Family: Rhamnaceae - Buckthorns[]

  • Colubrina asiatica - N
  • - N
  • Scutia myrtina - N
  • Zizyphus jujuba - N
  • - N
  • - N

Family: Rhizophoraceae - True mangroves[]

  • Bruguiera cylindrica - N
  • Bruguiera sexangula - N
  • Carallia brachiata - N
  • Ceriops tagal - N
  • Rhizophora apiculata - N
  • Rhizophora mucronata - N

Family: Rosaceae - Roses & Berries[]

  • - N
  • Canthium coromandelicum - N
  • Canthium dicoccum - Endemic
  • Canthium montanum - Endemic
  • - N
  • - Endemic
  • - N
  • Coffea arabica - N
  • Dichilanthe zeylanica - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • Gaertnera walkeri - Endemic
  • Guettarda speciosa - N
  • Haldina cordifolia - I
  • - N
  • Hedyotis lawsoniae - Endemic
  • Hedyotis lessertiana - Endemic
  • - N
  • Ixora calycina - Endemic
  • Ixora coccinea - N
  • Ixora jucunda - Endemic
  • - I
  • - N
  • Lasianthus oliganthus - Endemic
  • Lasianthus strigosus - Endemic
  • Lasianthus varians - Endemic
  • Lasianthus walkerianus - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • Mitragyna parvifolia - N
  • Morinda citrifolia - N
  • Morinda tinctoria - N
  • Mussaenda frondosa - N
  • Nargedia macrocarpa - Endemic
  • Nauclea orientalis - N
  • Pavetta gleniei - Endemic
  • Pavetta indica - N
  • - N
  • Prunus cerasoides - I
  • Prunus ceylanica - N
  • Prunus walkeri - Endemic
  • - N
  • Psychotria sordida - Endemic
  • - N
  • Pyrus communis - I
  • - Endemic
  • - N
  • - N
  • Timonius jambosella - Endemic
  • - Endemic
  • Tricalysia erythrospora - Endemic
  • Urophyllum ellipticum - Endemic
  • - N
  • - N

Family: Rutaceae - Citrus[]

  • Acronychia pedunculata - N
  • Aegle marmelos - N
  • - N
  • - N
  • Chloroxylon swietenia - N
  • Citrus aurantiifolia - I
  • Citrus grandis - I
  • Citrus hystrix - I
  • Citrus limon - I
  • Citrus medica - I
  • Citrus reticulata - I
  • - N
  • Euodia lunuankenda - I
  • - N
  • Glycosmis pentaphylla - N
  • Limonia acidissima - N
  • Micromelum minutum - Endemic
  • Murraya koenigii - N
  • Murraya paniculata - N
  • - N
  • - N

Family: Sabiaceae[]

  • - N
  • Meliosma simplicifolia - N

Family: Salicaceae - Willows[]

Family: Salvadoraceae - Toothbrushes[]

  • Azima tetracantha - N
  • Salvadora persica - N

Family: Santalaceae - Sandalwoods[]

  • Santalum album - I

Family: Sapindaceae - Soapberries[]

Family: Sapotaceae[]

Family: Simaroubaceae[]

  • - N

Family: Solanaceae - Nightshades[]

  • Brugmansia suaveolens - I
  • - I
  • Solanum erianthum - N
  • - N
  • Solanum tuberosum - I

Family: Staphyleaceae[]

  • Turpinia malabarica - I

Family: Stemonuraceae[]

  • Gomphandra coriacea - Endemic
  • - N
  • Stemonurus apicalis - N

Family: Symplocaceae - Sweetleafs[]

Family: Tetramelaceae[]

  • Tetrameles nudiflora - N

Family: Theaceae - Tea plants[]

Family: Thymelaeaceae[]

  • - N
  • Gyrinops walla - N

Family: Ulmaceae[]

  • Holoptelea integrifolia - N

Family: Urticaceae - Nettles[]

Family: Verbenaceae- Verbenas[]

  • Duranta erecta - I
  • Lantana camara - I
  • Premna mollissima - N (syn. Premna latifolia)
  • Premna serratifolia - N
  • Premna thwaitesii - Endemic
  • - N
  • - N

Recommended New Plant species[]

The presence of following bamboo plants within Sri Lanka is still in doubt.

Family Poaceae[]

References[]

  1. ^ Ashton, M; Gunatilleke, S; de Zoysa, N.; Dassanayake, M.D.; Gunatilleke, N.; Wijesundera, S. (1997). A Field Guide to the Common Trees and Shrubs of Sri Lanka (PDF). Colombo 8, Sri Lanka: WHT Publications for Wildlife Heritage Site of Sri Lanka.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

External links[]

Retrieved from ""