List of cryptocurrencies
After the creation of bitcoin, the number of cryptocurrencies available over the internet is growing.[1] This is a list of notable cryptocurrencies.
Active currencies
Release | Currency | Symbol | Founder(s) | Hash algorithm | Programming language of implementation | Consensus mechanism | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | Bitcoin | BTC,[2] XBT, ₿ | Satoshi Nakamoto[nt 1] | SHA-256d[3][4] | C++[5] | PoW[4][6] | The first and most widely used decentralized ledger currency,[7] with the highest market capitalization.[8] |
2011 | Litecoin | LTC, Ł | Charlie Lee | Scrypt | C++[9] | PoW | One of the first cryptocurrencies to use scrypt as a hashing algorithm. |
Namecoin | NMC | Vincent Durham[10][11] | SHA-256d | C++[12] | PoW | Also acts as an alternative, decentralized DNS. | |
2012 | Peercoin | PPC | Sunny King (pseudonym)[citation needed] |
SHA-256d[citation needed] | C++[13] | PoW & PoS | The first cryptocurrency to use POW and POS functions. |
2013 | Dogecoin | DOGE, XDG, Ð | Jackson Palmer & Billy Markus[14] |
Scrypt[15] | C++[16] | PoW | Based on the Doge internet meme. |
Gridcoin | GRC | Rob Hälford[17] | Scrypt | C++[18] | Decentralized PoS | Linked to citizen science through the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing[19] | |
Primecoin | XPM | Sunny King (pseudonym)[citation needed] |
1CC/2CC/TWN[20] | TypeScript, C++[21] | PoW[20] | Uses the finding of prime chains composed of Cunningham chains and bi-twin chains for proof-of-work. | |
Ripple[22][23] | XRP | Chris Larsen & Jed McCaleb[24] |
ECDSA[25] | C++[26] | "Consensus" | Designed for peer to peer debt transfer. Not based on bitcoin. | |
Nxt | NXT | BCNext (pseudonym) |
SHA-256d[27] | Java[28] | PoS | Specifically designed as a flexible platform to build applications and financial services around its protocol. | |
2014 | Auroracoin | AUR | Baldur Odinsson (pseudonym)[29] |
Scrypt | C++[30] | PoW | Created as an alternative currency for Iceland, intended to replace the Icelandic króna. |
Dash | DASH | Evan Duffield & Kyle Hagan[citation needed] |
X11 | C++[31] | PoW & Proof of Service[nt 2] | A bitcoin-based currency featuring instant transactions, decentralized governance and budgeting, and private transactions. | |
NEO | NEO | Da Hongfei & Erik Zhang | SHA-256 & RIPEMD160 | C#[32] | dBFT | China based cryptocurrency, formerly ANT Shares and ANT Coins. The names were changed in 2017 to NEO and GAS. | |
MazaCoin | MZC | BTC Oyate Initiative | SHA-256d | C++[33] | PoW | The underlying software is derived from that of another cryptocurrency, ZetaCoin. | |
Monero | XMR | Monero Core Team | RandomX | C++[34] | PoW | Privacy-centric coin based on the CryptoNote protocol with improvements for scalability and decentralization. | |
Titcoin | TIT | Edward Mansfield & Richard Allen[35] | SHA-256d | TypeScript, C++[36] | PoW | The first cryptocurrency to be nominated for a major adult industry award.[37] | |
Verge | XVG | Sunerok | Scrypt, x17, groestl, blake2s, and lyra2rev2 | C, C++[38] | PoW | Features anonymous transactions using Tor. | |
Stellar | XLM | Jed McCaleb | Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP) [39] | C, C++[40] | Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP) [39] | Open-source, decentralized global financial network. | |
Vertcoin | VTC | David Muller[41] | Lyra2RE[42] | C++[43] | PoW | Aims to be ASIC resistant. | |
2015 | Ethereum | ETH, Ξ | Vitalik Buterin[44] | Ethash[45] | C++, Go[46] | PoW | Supports Turing-complete smart contracts. |
Ethereum Classic | ETC | EtcHash/Thanos[47] | PoW | An alternative version of Ethereum[48] whose blockchain does not include the DAO hard fork.[49] Supports Turing-complete smart contracts. | |||
Nano | Nano | Colin LeMahieu | Blake2 | C++[citation needed] | [50] | Decentralized, feeless, open-source, peer-to-peer cryptocurrency. First to use a Block Lattice structure. | |
Tether | USDT | Jan Ludovicus van der Velde[51] | Omnicore[52] | PoW | Tether claims to be backed by USD at a 1 to 1 ratio. The company has been unable to produce promised audits.[53] | ||
2016 | Firo | FIRO | Poramin Insom[54] | Merkle tree Proof[55] | C++[56] | PoW | The first financial system employing Zero-knowledge proof to protect users' privacy.[54] It conducted the world's first large-scale blockchain election for Thailand Democrat Party in 2018.[57] |
Zcash | ZEC | Zooko Wilcox | Equihash | C++[58] | PoW | The first open, permissionless financial system employing zero-knowledge security. | |
2017 | Bitcoin Cash | BCH[59] | SHA-256d | PoW | Hard fork from bitcoin, increased maximum block size from 1MB to 8MB (as of 2018, 32MB) | ||
EOS.IO | EOS | WebAssembly, Rust, C, C++[60] | delegated PoS | Feeless Smart contract platform for decentralized applications and decentralized autonomous corporations with a block time of 500 ms.[60] | |||
Cardano | ADA, ₳ | Charles Hoskinson | Ouroboros, PoS Algorithm[61] | Haskell[62] | PoS | A proof-of-stake blockchain platform: developed through evidence-based methods and peer-reviewed research.[63][64][65] | |
TRON | TRX | Justin Sun | |||||
2021 | BitClout | CLOUT[66][better source needed] | Go[67] | PoW[66][68][better source needed] | Also a social media platform, resembling Twitter.[69][70] |
Inactive currencies
Release | Currency | Symbol | Founder(s) | Hash algorithm | Programming language of implementation | Cryptocurrency blockchain (PoS, PoW, or other) |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | Coinye | KOI, COYE | Scrypt | PoW | Used American hip hop artist Kanye West as its mascot, abandoned after he filed a trademark lawsuit. | ||
2015 or before | OneCoin | Ruja Ignatova and Stephen Greenwood | A Ponzi scheme promoted as a cryptocurrency. | ||||
2017 | BitConnect | BCC | BitConnect was described as an open source, all-in-one bitcoin and crypto community platform but was later discovered to be a Ponzi scheme. | ||||
2018 | KodakCoin | Kodak and WENN Digital | Ethash[71] | KodakCoin is a "photographer-centric" blockchain cryptocurrency used for payments for licensing photographs. | |||
Petro | Venezuelan Government | onixCoin[72] | C++[73] | Stated by Nicolás Maduro to be backed by Venezuela's reserves of oil. As of August 2018 it does not appear to function as a currency.[74] |
Notes
- ^ It is not known whether the name "Satoshi Nakamoto" is real or a pseudonym, nor whether it represents one person or a group.
- ^ Via Masternodes containing 1000 DASH held as collateral for "Proof of Service". Through an automated voting mechanism, one Masternode is selected per block and receives 45% of mining rewards.
See also
- List of digital currencies
References
- ^ Cryptocurrencies: A Brief Thematic Review. Economics of Networks Journal. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Date accessed August 28, 2017.
- ^ Dixon, Lance (December 24, 2013). "Building Bitcoin use in South Florida and beyond". Miami Herald. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
- ^ Taylor, Michael Bedford (2013). "Bitcoin and the age of bespoke silicon" (PDF). Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Compilers, Architectures and Synthesis for Embedded Systems. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press. ISBN 978-1-4799-1400-5. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Steadman, Ian (May 7, 2013). "Wary of Bitcoin? A guide to some other crypto currencies". Wired UK. Condé Nast UK.
- ^ "Bitcoin on GitHub".
- ^ Hobson, Dominic (2013). "What is Bitcoin?". XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students. 20 (1). Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 40–44. doi:10.1145/2510124. ISSN 1528-4972.
- ^ Reynard, Cherry (May 25, 2018). "What are the top 10 cryptocurrencies?". The Telegraph. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^ Kharpal, Arjun (February 6, 2018). "Over $550 billion of value wiped off cryptocurrencies since their record high just under a month ago". CNBC. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ^ "Litecoin on GitHub".
- ^ "vinced/namecoin: Vince's tree – see namecoin/namecoin for main integration tree". GitHub. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ Keller, Levin (March 19, 2011). "Namecoin – a distributed name system based on Bitcoin". Prezi.
- ^ "Namecoin on GitHub". Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- ^ "Peercoin on GitHub".
- ^ A History of Dogecoin. Dogecoin Analysis Report. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). Accessed December 28, 2017.
- ^ "Intro – Dogecoin # Technical specifications". Dogeco.in. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
- ^ "Dog E Coin on GitHub".
- ^ S. S. Tyagi, Shaveta Bhatia (2021) Blockchain for Business, John Wiley, p352.
- ^ "GridCoin on GitHub".
- ^ Halford, Rob. "Gridcoin: Crypto-Currency using Berkeley Open Infrastructure Network Computing Grid as a Proof Of Work" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "FAQ · primecoin/primecoin Wiki · GitHub". Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ^ "Primecoin on GitHub".
- ^ Chayka, Kyle (July 2, 2013). "What Comes After Bitcoin?". Pacific Standard. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
- ^ Vega, Danny (December 4, 2013). "Ripple's Big Move: Mining Crypto currency with a Purpose". Seattlepi.com. Hearst Seattle Media, LLC, a division of The Hearst Corporation.
- ^ Simonite, Tom (April 11, 2013). "Big-name investors back effort to build a better Bitcoin". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ^ "How it works – Ripple Wiki". Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- ^ "Rippled on GitHub".
- ^ "NXT Whitepaper". NxtWiki – Whitepaper. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
- ^ "NXT on Bitbucket".
- ^ Casey, Michael J. (March 5, 2014). "Auroracoin already third-biggest cryptocoin–and it's not even out yet". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ "Auroracoin on GitHub".
- ^ "Dash on GitHub".
- ^ "NEO on GitHub".
- ^ "MazaCoin on GitHub".
- ^ "Monero on GitHub".
- ^ Mercier Voyer, Stephanie. "Titcoin Is a Brand New Cryptocurrency for Porn Purchases". Vice Magazine. Retrieved June 18, 2014.
- ^ "Titcoin on GitHub".
- ^ "Titcoin Receives Two Web & Tech XBIZ Nominations". Payout Magazine. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
- ^ "Verge on GitHub".
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Stellar.org White Papers" (PDF). Stellar.org.
- ^ "Stellar on GitHub".
- ^ Charlton, Alistair (February 5, 2014). "Vertcoin: The Soaring Cryptocurrency Set to Surpass Bitcoin". International Business Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2019. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
- ^ "Lyra2RE – A new PoW algorithm for an ASIC-free future" (PDF). November 29, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 25, 2017. Retrieved December 25, 2017. Cite journal requires
|journal=
(help) - ^ "Vertcoin on GitHub".
- ^ "Out in the Open: Teenage Hacker Transforms Web Into One Giant Bitcoin Network". Wired.com. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Ethash". Github.com. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ "Ethereum on GitHub".
- ^ "Ethereum Classic Labs Announces Network Upgrade, Thanos Hard Fork". prweb.com. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
- ^ "README/README.md at master". Github.com. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
- ^ Adinolfi, Joseph. "Exclusive: Grayscale launches digital-currency fund backed by Silver Lake's co-founder Hutchins". MarketWatch. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
- ^ Md Sadek Ferdous; Mohammad Jabed Morshed Chowdhury; Hoque, Mohammad A.; Colman, Alan (January 20, 2020), Blockchain Consensuses Algorithms: A Survey, arXiv:2001.07091, Bibcode:2020arXiv200107091S
- ^ "Mystery Shrouds Tether". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
- ^ "Tether White Paper" (PDF). Tether. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
- ^ Leising, Matthew (June 20, 2018). "Tether Hired Former FBI Director's Law Firm to Vet Finances". Bloomberg. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Ezra Kryill, Erker (April 4, 2019). "Cyberwarfare to cryptocurrency". Elite Plus Magazine. Archived from the original on May 5, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- ^ "Zcoin Moves Against ASIC Monopoly With Merkle Tree Proof". Finance Magnates. December 6, 2018. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
- ^ "Firo". Github. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
- ^ Jintana, Panyaarvudh; Kas, Chanwanpen. "Reliable voting TECHNOLOGY". The Nation (Thailand). Archived from the original on December 3, 2018. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
- ^ "Zcash on GitHub".
- ^ "Bitcoin Cash Markets and Dillema". CryptoCoinCharts. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Documentation: EOS.IO Documents". February 10, 2018 – via GitHub.
- ^ Aggelos Kiayias; Alexander Russell; Bernardo David; Roman Oliynykov (2019). Ouroboros: A Provably Secure Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocol (PDF) (Technical report). Springer. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ "Cardano-Node on GitHub".
- ^ Aggelos Kiayias; Saad Quader; Alexander Russell (2020). Consistency of Proof-of-Stake Blockchains with Concurrent Honest Slot Leaders (PDF) (Technical report). IACR. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ Aggelos Kiayias; Alexander Russell (2018). Ouroboros-BFT:A Simple Byzantine Fault Tolerant Consensus Protocol (PDF) (Technical report). IACR. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ Erica Blum; Aggelos Kiayias; Cristopher Moore; Saad Quader; Alexander Russel (2019). The combinatorics of the longest-chain rule: Linear consistency for proof-of-stake blockchains (PDF) (Technical report). IACR. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "FAQ - The BitClout Guide". docs.bitclout.com. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
- ^ bitclout/core, bitclout, July 2, 2021, retrieved July 2, 2021
- ^ Dale, Brady. "What Is BitClout? The Social Media Experiment Sparking Controversy on Twitter". www.nasdaq.com. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
- ^ "Crypto social network BitClout arrives with a bevy of high-profile investors — and skeptics". TechCrunch. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
- ^ Lester, Caroline (June 9, 2021). "The Dark, Democratizing Power of the Social-Media Stock Market". The New Yorker. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
- ^ Ray, Tiernan (January 9, 2018). "Kodak CEO: Blockchain Significant, Though Not a Doubling in Stock Price". Barrons. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
- ^ "Onix's white paper" (PDF). www.onixcoin.com. January 13, 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 14, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
- ^ "OnixCoin on GitHub".
- ^ Ellsworth, Brian (August 30, 2018). "Special Report: In Venezuela, new cryptocurrency is nowhere to be found". Reuters. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
The coin is not sold on any major cryptocurrency exchange. No shops are known to accept it.
Categories:
- Cryptocurrencies